1、Improved Efficiency through the use of Special Viscosity Polyalphaolefins,Dr. Lionel D. Moore Associate Research Chemist, Technical Support PAO Base Fluids, INEOS OligomersMichel Sanchez PAO Customer Technical Service Manager, Europe, Middle East & North Africa INEOS Oligomers,Engine Losses: 70%,Par
2、asitic Losses: 5% e.g. water pump, alternator, etc.,Drivetrain Losses: 5%,Idle Losses: 3%,Power to wheels: 17%,Fuel Energy: 100%,exhaust heat, friction, etc.,The auto industry is moving to improve fuel efficiency.,Todays autos operate at 17-21% efficiency.,There is much potentialfor improvement.,Aut
3、o Fuel Efficiency Can Be Improved,Turbo-charger,Multi-speed transmission,Dual clutch trasmission,Belt CVT,Plug-in Hybrid,Tailpipe emissionsCO2,Hardware changes reduce CO2 Emissions,Electric,Low Viscosity Grades Improve Fuel Economy,Source: SAE J300 engine oil classification, April 2013,Constant Stru
4、cture/Quality,Reduced Emissions,Low Friction,Low Volatility,Excellent Hydrolytic Stability,Excellent Low Temperature Properties,Compatible with other Base oils & Elastomers,High Thermal/Oxidative Stability,PAO,High Shear Stability,Allows Long Drain Intervals,PAOs well suited for Low Viscosity Oils,P
5、olyalphaolefins,Legislation has been instituted regulating all aspects of Greenhouse Gas Emissions,Raw Material Production,Recycling,Vehicle Operation,Legislation,Vehicle Manufacture,Fuel Economy Mandates Emission Restrictions Weight Regulations,Source: ICCT,34.2 mpg by 201547 mpg by 2020,The Global
6、 March Towards Lower CO2 Emissions,Source: ICCT,54.4 mpg by 2025,The Global March Towards Lower CO2 Emissions,Source: ICCT,95g CO2/km for passenger cars by 2020 (69.1 mpg),The Global March Towards Lower CO2 Emissions,Cars of the future will incorporate,new materials and technologies,fuel efficient t
7、han the cars of today,that will make them even more,HDPE Fuel Tank,Grangemouth, UK Geel, BE Lillo, BE NOH Tech Center, BE Sarralbe, FR Koeln, DE Bamble, NO Lavera, FR Rosignano, IT,Carson, CA, USGaines County, TX, USAlvin, TX, USLaPorte, TX, US,Low rolling Resistance tires,Mobil Alabama, USA,Antwerp
8、 BE Gladbeck DE Marl DE,Sinopec INEOS JV,Ethanol,From refuse,Vero Beach Florida, US,Carbon Fiber Sheet,Boeing 787 uses carbon fibercomposites,Composite frame & body panels,Lima Ohio, USALisle Illinois, USAGreen Lake, Texas USA Point Comfort, Texas USA League City, Texas USA Houston, Texas USATampico
9、, Mexico,Kln, Germany Antwerp, Belgium Seal Sands , UK,Ulsan Korea Seoul Korea,Singapore Pasir Gudang Malaysia,THE WORLDS LARGEST INTEGRATED PRODUCER OFLOW AND HIGHVISCOSITYPOLYALPHA-OLEFINS,Applications for PAO include:Multi-grade gear oils 7W-90 / 75W-140Low viscosity transmission oilsIndustrial o
10、ils compressor / gear / circulatingAutomotive oils 5W-20 / 0W-20 / 0W-16Heavy Duty Diesel OilsMany others where high performance is required,INEOS Oligomers is the worldslargest merchant supplier of PAOFeluy, Belgium New PAO train added in 200915% debottleneck plannedLaPorte, TX, USA10% debottleneck
11、 completedAdditional trains / plants aligned with market requirements,INEOS to Expand Alphaolefin Supply,INEOS basic in LAO,Drilling Fluids,Detergents,Polyethylene comonomers,PAO feed stocks,LAO CH2=CH-(CH2)nCH3PAO,INEOS Expands Alphaolefin SupplyNew US plant build commenced Gulf Coast location, 350
12、 KT 500 KTAdvantaged Ethylene (Shale Gas)Incremental expansions also plannedat Joffre Canada and Feluy Belgium,INEOS Joffre, Canada,INEO Feluy, Belgium,Proposed Viscosity Grades Below SAE 20,Source: M Covitch, et al., Extending SAE J300 to Viscosity Grades below SAE 20,Boundary Lubrication,Hydrodyna
13、mic Lubrication,1/3 of engine losses,2/3 of engine losses,Fuel Economy Trend Moving from 10W-40 to 0W-16,Engine Oil Viscosity Grade,Source: J. Jeter, Honda, SAE Fuels and Lubricants Open Forum April 21, 2009,+ 1.5 %,Fuel Economy Improvement,0W-20,5W-30,Sequence VI-D %Fuel Economy vs. Oil Viscosity G
14、rade,Source: F Lockwood, Fuel Economy and Engine Durability, Ashland /Valvoline, April 2012,+ 1.5 %,Fully formulated oils using indicated PAO6 + PAO4, shear stable VII, TMP Ester, and European additive package,SAE 0W-20 Range,6.9,15,6200,2.6,PAOs Easily Meet 0W-20 Viscometric Requirements,OW-20 Full
15、 Synthetic,Group III oils need PAO to meet 0W-20 oil requirements,Source: H. E. Henderson, Lithcon Petroleum NPRA, Houston, TX, November 1-2, 2007,Group III oils need PAO to meet 0W-20 oil requirements,SAE 0W-20 Range,6.9 9.3,15,6200,2.6,-,4 + 6 mm2/s Group III 6.94 2.29 6,220 Yes,4 + 6 mm2/s Group
16、III 6.40 2.14 5,997 Yes,4 + 6 mm2/s Group III 5.68 1.93 5,926 -,6 + 8 mm2/s PAO 6.95 2.31 5,465 -,Group III has difficulty meeting 0W-15 requirements,Source: M. Covitch et. al., ibid,6200,2.3,5.6,0W-15,0W-15,High Temperature High Shear Viscosity HTHS 150C,Engine Wear,Engine Wear increases with decre
17、asing HTHS,Source: B Zhmud, Tribology and Lubricant Technology, September 2011,Thinner oils reduce viscous losses but increase engine wear,Low wear (high HTHS),High wear (low HTHS),PAOs Decrease Engine Wear with Higher HTHS,PAOs have higher HTHS viscosity for a given CCS -35C viscosity than Group II
18、I oils,Engine Wear,HTHS 150C,CCS -35C,HTHS 150C,KV 100C,PAO,Group III,Low wear,High wear,New grades aid formulation of Sub 0W-20 Oils,Can be combined with Group II/III mineral oils to optimize HTHS, CCS or Brookfield,Applications of Durasyn High Viscosity PAOs,INEOS proprietary catalyst technology p
19、lus 1-Decene achieves improved properties:Consistent Backbone ArchitectureImproved viscosity index 180 Improved cold temperature properties Better properties than “conventional”decene-based high viscosity PAOs.,Durasyn High Viscosity Polyalphaolefins,New Property Map of Next Generation High Viscosit
20、y PAOs,INEOS High Viscosity Polyalphaolefin Property Map,Higher Viscosity Index,Lower Volatility,100C Viscosity,Higher Thermal/OxidativeStability,Lower Brookfield Viscosity,Conventional High Viscosity PAO,INEOS High Viscosity PAOs Allow Additive Packages to be fortified.Allow broader choice of highe
21、rviscosity, less volatile co-base oils.Make wide Multi-graded oils possible.,Durasyn High Viscosity Polyalphaolefins,75W-XX Multi-grades Offer:,Increased Fuel EconomyExtended Drain IntervalsReduced MaintenanceReduced Down TimeLess Oil Disposal,Durasyn High Viscosity Polyalphaolefins,75W-140 Demonstr
22、ation Oils*,* Fully formulated oils with PAO4, Ester, Additives,75W-140 with PAO8,75W-140 with PAO6,75W-140 with PAO4,75W-140 with PAO4 + Conventional Hi Vis,Durasyn 164 + INEOS High Vis,Durasyn 166 + INEOS High Vis,Durasyn 168 + INEOS High Vis,150,000 cP Limit,Brookfield Viscosity at -40C,75W-140 O
23、ils using PAO8 and INEOS Advanced Hi Vis PAOs,75W-140 with PAO4 + Conventional Hi Vis,75W-140 with PAO4,75W-140 with DS-146,75W-140 with PAO6,75W-140 with DS-148,75W-140 with PAO8,Durasyn 146 + INEOS High Vis,Durasyn 148 + INEOS High Vis,Brookfield Viscosity at -40C,150,000 cP Limit,Brookfield Advan
24、tage of INEOS140 Series PAOs & Advanced Hi Vis,Decene: the best feed for High Viscosity PAOs,150,000 cP Brookfield Limit,DS-180I214 VI,mPAO 1201 VI,mPAO 2198 VI,All fully formulated 75W-140 Oils,Durasyn Polyalphaolefin Summary,INEOS Durasyn PAOs areAdvanced Fluids tailored throughmolecular engineeri
25、ng.160 Series Decene-based, with high VI,excellent low temperature fluidity, and excellent shear stability.,Durasyn Polyalphaolefin Summary,INEOS Durasyn Low Viscosity PAOs Non-Decene PAOs -140 Seriesavailable with excellent properties.INEOS PAO offering gives Formulatorsmore choice for optimized pr
26、oductswith superior properties.,Durasyn Polyalphaolefin Summary,INEOS Durasyn Low Viscosity PAOs Sub 4 mm2/s - X Series PAOsAids formulation of SAE 0W-20 and lower.Balances HTHS, CCS, and Noack. Useful for transmission / driveline oils.,Durasyn Polyalphaolefin Summary,INEOS Durasyn High Viscosity PAOs Three grades (174I, 180R, 180I) withproperties improved through advancedcatalyst technology.Decene-based, with high VI, excellent lowtemperature fluidity, and excellent shearstability.,THANKYOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION,
