1、重庆三峡学院 IPv6 实验指导书1 实验目的1、掌握在交换机以及PC上设置IPv6地址的方法；2、掌握IPv6网络通信的基本实现方法；3、掌握IPv6的相关测试方法，理解IPv6和IPv4双协议网络的实现方法。2 知识准备在目前的IPv6发展的初级阶段，IPv4依旧占据着网络的主导地位，绝大多数的网络依然是基于IPv4工作的，在这种情况下，应该考虑使用IPv6过渡技术来实现IPv4的网络和IPv6的网络相互通信，目前的过渡技术主要有3类，分别是双协议技术、隧道技术以及网络地址转换、协议转换技术。双协议栈技术，就是在通信设备上同时启用IPv4和IPv6两种协议栈，也就是同时使用IPv4和IPv
2、6协议来完成通信，是目前应用较为广泛的技术；隧道技术是将IPv6的协议分组封装在IPv4的协议分组中实现的，它可以将纯IPv6的网络直接通过IPv4的网络实现数据传输，但是不能实现IPv6主机和IPv4主机直接通信；网络地址转换是通过NAT完成IPv6网络和IPv4网络直接数据通信，但是由于NAT的限制，有些特定功能无法实现。3 实验设备名称 型号 版本 数量 描述交换机 E126B CMW5.20 2台计算机 方正 WindowsXP 2台4 组网需求1、Host、 Router A和Router B之间通过以太网接口相连，在接口上配置IPv6 地址，验证它们之间的互通性。2、Router
3、B 有可以到 Host 的路由。3、在 Host 上安装 IPv6，根据 IPv6 邻居发现协议自动配置 IPv6 地址，有可以到 Router B 的路由。5 实验组网图6 配置步骤(1) 配置 Router A# 手工指定接口 vlan-interface10 的全球单播地址。system-viewswicthA ipv6swicthA vlan 10 swicthA-vlan10 port Ethernet 1/0/23swicthA-vlan10 quitswicthA interface vlan-interface 10swicthA-vlan-interface10 ipv6 a
4、ddress 3001:1/64swicthA-vlan-interface10 ipv6 address auto link-local# 手工指定接口 vlan-interface20 的全球单播地址，并允许其发布 RA 消息。（缺省情况下，所有的接口不会发布 RA 消息）swicthA interface loopback 0swicthA-LoopBack0 ipv6 address 2001:1/128swicthA-LoopBack0 ipv6 address auto link-localswicthA-LoopBack0 quit(2) 配置 Router B# 手工指定接口
5、vlan-interface10 的全球单播地址。system-viewswicthB ipv6swicthB vlan 10 swicthB-vlan10 port Ethernet 1/0/23swicthB-vlan10 quitswicthB interface vlan-interface 10swicthB-vlan-interface10 ipv6 address 3001:2/64swicthB-vlan-interface10 ipv6 address auto link-local# 配置 IPv6 静态路由，该路由的目的地址为 2001:/64，下一跳地址为 3001:1
6、 。swicthB ipv6 route-static 2001: 64 3001:1(3) 配置 Host在 Host 上安装 IPv6，根据 IPv6 邻居发现协议自动配置 IPv6 地址。# 从 Router A 上查看接口 vlan-interface10 的邻居信息。swicthA display ipv6 neighbors interface vlan-interface10Type: S-Static D-Dynamic O-Openflow I-InvalidIPv6 Address Link Layer VID Interface State T AgeFE80:215:E
7、9FF:FEA6:7D14 0015-e9a6-7d14 N/A GE2/1/2 STALE D 12382001:15B:E0EA:3524:E791 0015-e9a6-7d14 N/A GE2/1/2 STALE D 1248通过上面的信息可以知道 Host 上获得的 IPv6 全球单播地址为 2001:15B:E0EA:3524:E791 。7 验证配置# 显示 Router A 的接口信息，可以看到各接口配置的 IPv6 全球单播地址。RouterA display ipv6 interface gigabitethernet 2/1/1GigabitEthernet2/1/1 cu
8、rrent state: UPLine protocol current state: UPIPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80:20F:E2FF:FE00:2Global unicast address(es):3001:1, subnet is 3001:/64Joined group address(es):FF02:1FF02:2FF02:1:FF00:1FF02:1:FF00:2MTU is 1500 bytesND DAD is enabled, number of DAD attempts: 1ND reachable time
9、is 30000 millisecondsND retransmit interval is 1000 millisecondsHosts use stateless autoconfig for addressesIPv6 Packet statistics:InReceives: 25829InTooShorts: 0InTruncatedPkts: 0InHopLimitExceeds: 0InBadHeaders: 0InBadOptions: 0ReasmReqds: 0ReasmOKs: 0InFragDrops: 0InFragTimeouts: 0OutFragFails: 0
10、InUnknownProtos: 0InDelivers: 47OutRequests: 89OutForwDatagrams: 48InNoRoutes: 0InTooBigErrors: 0OutFragOKs: 0OutFragCreates: 0InMcastPkts: 6InMcastNotMembers: 25747OutMcastPkts: 48InAddrErrors: 0InDiscards: 0OutDiscards: 0RouterA display ipv6 interface gigabitethernet 2/1/2GigabitEthernet2/1/2 curr
11、ent state: UPLine protocol current state: UPIPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80:20F:E2FF:FE00:1C0Global unicast address(es):2001:1, subnet is 2001:/64Joined group address(es):FF02:1FF02:2FF02:1:FF00:1FF02:1:FF00:1C0MTU is 1500 bytesND DAD is enabled, number of DAD attempts: 1ND reachable tim
12、e is 30000 millisecondsND retransmit interval is 1000 millisecondsND advertised reachable time is 0 millisecondsND advertised retransmit interval is 0 millisecondsND router advertisements are sent every 600 secondsND router advertisements live for 1800 secondsHosts use stateless autoconfig for addre
13、ssesIPv6 Packet statistics:InReceives: 272InTooShorts: 0InTruncatedPkts: 0InHopLimitExceeds: 0InBadHeaders: 0InBadOptions: 0ReasmReqds: 0ReasmOKs: 0InFragDrops: 0InFragTimeouts: 0OutFragFails: 0InUnknownProtos: 0InDelivers: 159OutRequests: 1012OutForwDatagrams: 35InNoRoutes: 0InTooBigErrors: 0OutFra
14、gOKs: 0OutFragCreates: 0InMcastPkts: 79InMcastNotMembers: 65OutMcastPkts: 938InAddrErrors: 0InDiscards: 0OutDiscards: 0# 显示 Router B 的接口信息，可以看到接口配置的 IPv6 全球单播地址。RouterB display ipv6 interface gigabitethernet 2/1/1GigabitEthernet2/1/1 current state: UPLine protocol current state: UPIPv6 is enabled, l
15、ink-local address is FE80:20F:E2FF:FE00:1234Global unicast address(es):3001:2, subnet is 3001:/64Joined group address(es):FF02:1FF02:2FF02:1:FF00:1FF02:1:FF00:1234MTU is 1500 bytesND DAD is enabled, number of DAD attempts: 1ND reachable time is 30000 millisecondsND retransmit interval is 1000 millis
16、econdsHosts use stateless autoconfig for addressesIPv6 Packet statistics:InReceives: 117InTooShorts: 0InTruncatedPkts: 0InHopLimitExceeds: 0InBadHeaders: 0InBadOptions: 0ReasmReqds: 0ReasmOKs: 0InFragDrops: 0InFragTimeouts: 0OutFragFails: 0InUnknownProtos: 0InDelivers: 117OutRequests: 83OutForwDatag
17、rams: 0InNoRoutes: 0InTooBigErrors: 0OutFragOKs: 0OutFragCreates: 0InMcastPkts: 28InMcastNotMembers: 0OutMcastPkts: 7InAddrErrors: 0InDiscards: 0OutDiscards: 0# 在 Host 上使用 Ping 测试和 Router A 及 Router B 的互通性；在 Router B 上使用 Ping 测试和 Router A 及 Host 的互通性。RouterB ping ipv6 -c 1 3001:1Ping6(56 data bytes)
18、 3001:2 3001:1, press CTRL_C to break56 bytes from 3001:1, icmp_seq=0 hlim=64 time=4.404 ms- Ping6 statistics for 3001:1 -1 packet(s) transmitted, 1 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 4.404/4.404/4.404/0.000 msRouterB ping ipv6 -c 1 2001:15B:E0EA:3524:E791Ping6(56 d
19、ata bytes) 3001:2 2001:15B:E0EA:3524:E791, press CTRL_C to break56 bytes from 2001:15B:E0EA:3524:E791, icmp_seq=0 hlim=64 time=5.404 ms- Ping6 statistics for 2001:15B:E0EA:3524:E791 -1 packet(s) transmitted, 1 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 5.404/5.404/5.404/0.0
20、00 ms从 Host 上也可以 ping 通 Router B 和 Router A，证明它们是互通的。8 常见配置错误举例1. 故障现象无法 Ping 通对端的 IPv6 地址。2. 故障排除 在任意视图下使用 display ipv6 interface 命令检查接口配置的 IPv6 地址是否正确，接口状态是否为 up。 在用户视图下使用 debugging ipv6 packet 命令打开 IPv6 报文调试开关，根据调试信息进行判断。9 PC机IPv6协议安装在PC机上安装IPv6协议有两种方法：方法1：安装IPv6协议，即在网络协议中添加IPv6协议即可；方法2：在命令提示符中输入命令：ipv6 install 以使能IPv6。本实验采用方法2在各主机上安装IPv6协议。C:Documents and SettingsAdministratoripv6 install Installing.Succeeded.
