1、非谓语动词作定语,非谓语动词作定语,什么是定语？ 修饰名词或代词的成分。可放在名词或代词前，叫前置定语。 放在名词或代词后，叫后置定语。,1.动词不定式to do作定语,常表示将来的动作。,We need some students _ (help) with work. The question _ (discuss) at the meeting is very important.,to help,to be discussed,2.动词不定式为不及物动词时，其后须加上适当的介词。,我正在找一间房子住。 I am looking for a room to live in. 2. 我需要
2、用一张写字用的纸。 I need a piece of paper to write on. 3. 没什么可担心的。 There is nothing to worry about.,1.He was the best man _ the job.(do) 2.Jim is always the first student _ to the classroom. (come)3.中心词前有序数词，形容词最高级或no,all,any修饰，且动词与中心词是主动关系，用to do 做定语,to do,to come,1.Do you have the ability_ in English? (re
3、ad) 2.His attempt_ his relationship with his classmates succeeded. (improve),to read,to improve,4. 被修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式做定语，常见的有： ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等,The ability_ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.,to express,二、分词作定语,a developing count
4、ry a developed countryboiling water boiled waterfalling leaves fallen leaves,1. -ing作定语（动作正在进行）,1. -ed 作定语 (动作已完成),2、look/expression/voice,an exciting voice an excited voicea puzzling expression a puzzled expression总结： v-ing表示 “令人” v-ed表示“某人自己因为感到，对感到”,类似表达还有： surprised/surprising shocked/shocking a
5、mazed/amazing astonished/astonishing interested/interesting depressed/depressing pleased/pleasing satisfied/satisfying bored/boring frightened/frightening embarrassed/embarrassing disappointed/disappointing encouraged/encouraging,3.-ed分词作定语,The building _ last year is our teaching building. (build)
6、The building _ next year is our teaching building. The building _ at present is our teaching building.,built,to be built,being built,总结： 1.动词和所修饰名词之间是被动关系，有三种形式 done/to be done/being done 2.区别是：表达事情发生的时间不同,去年被建成的图书馆由他爸爸设计.现在正在被建的图书馆下个月就要被完工了.将要被建成的图书馆能容纳2000人.,The library built last year was designe
7、d by my father.,The library being built now will be completed next month.,The library to be built can hold 2000 people.,语法填空-ed和-ing前的be动词 The house _ (buy) 3 years ago. We are decorating the house _ (buy) 3 years ago.Look! The girl _ (stand) beside the street lamp. The girl _ (stand) beside the str
8、eet lamp is my cousin.,主语,谓语动词,was bought,非谓语动词,bought,is standing,standing,5.A great number of houses _ (destroy) by the earthquake. 6.The university _ (found) over 100 years ago has turned out lots of excellent students. 7.The boy _ (listen)to the music wrote a song himself last year. 8. The first
9、 textbooks_ (write) for teaching English as a foreign language, were produced in the 16th century.,were destroyed,founded,listening,written,To make Ordered turning making To catch spent Absorbed Having worked To learn wondering,11. to talk using Raised accompanied staring To free To work To find thr
10、owing having caught,非谓语动词作状语练习,Having eaten to take offering having set bathing To stay Founded to watch asked Used,Basing 32. leaving 33. Having been asked,following sliding comparing leaving Amazed making Judging making Taken,非谓语动词作宾语,下列动词后用什么动词形式 1.consider 2.wish 3.happen 4.avoid 5.appreciate 6.
11、refuse 5.resist 6.promise 7.pretend 8.suggest 9.imagine,doing to do to do doingdoing to do doing to do to do doing doing,10.choose 11.practise 12.mind 13.decide 14.expect 15.admit 16.allow 17.agree 18.forbid 19.escape 20.offer,to do doing doing to do to do doing doing to do doing doing to do,一.作主语,饭
12、后散步对我们的身体有好处. Walking after meals is beneficial to our health. 大声朗读对我们提高英语有帮助. Reading aloud helps improve our English.,1) Seeing is believing. 2) To save time is to lengthen life.,1.若句子的主语和表语都为非谓语动词，其 形式要求一致。,一.作主语,Walking after meals is beneficial to our health. To finish the work in one hour is i
13、mpossible.,习惯,抽象,泛指,具体,将来,特指,作主语的区别,To collect information is important for business men. It is important for business men to collect information.,一.作主语,2.It 作形式主语的情况. It +is/was +adj./n. +(for/of sb.) to do sth.,1）It is/was,no use/good worth,+doing sth.,但是：,a waste of time,fun,2)There is no sense (
14、in) doing,做没有道理,There is no point (in) doing,做无意义,做这件傻事毫无意义。 There is no point doing such a silly thing.,3)但是There is no need to do sth 做没必要。,1). Its necessary to be prepared for a jobinterview. _the answers readywill be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having 2). In fact _ is
15、a hard job for the police to keep order in an important match. A. this B. that C. there D. it,D,D,我们都知道,喝太多咖啡是没有好处的.2.光想不做是没有用的.,As we all know, it is no good drinking too much coffee.,It is no use thinking without action.,宾语,二.,2.作宾语 不定式和动名词都可作动词或介词的宾语。有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：want, manage, demand, promise,
16、 refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree,expect/ hope/wish, choose, happen等。I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded,A,有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语， 如：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, es
17、cape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, suggest, deny.1) I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop 2) He got well-prepared for th
18、e job interview,for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost,C,B,be used to, lead to, devoteto, stick to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand, feel like, insist on , thank you for, be busy, apologize for, have difficulty/ trouble (in) , have a go
19、od/ hard/ wonderful time (in), spend time (in) , waste time (in) ,动名词常可用于下列词组后,1). Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers?A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking 但 I have no choice but _ (accept) the fact.I have nothing to do but_ (sleep).,D,to accept,sleep,介词后一般接doing, 1)有些动词后既可以跟 to do，
20、又可以跟doing作宾语，但意义上有区别。如forget, remember, regret, stop, try, mean, go on, cant help等。1) If you think treating a person well means always _ his permission for things, think again. A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting 2)When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not_. A. to
21、arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leaveC. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave,D,C,As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _. A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using After he became conscious, he remembered _
22、and _ on the head with a rod. A. to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hitC. attacking; be hit D. having been attacked; hit,B,D,2)有些动词如begin, start, continue后既可以跟to do又可以跟doing作宾语，意义上无多大区别。I begin to do/ doing the task . 3) love, like, hate, prefer后接doing表示经常性的行为；接to do表示具体的行为。1). I like _ very mu
23、ch, but I dont like _ this afternoon.A. swimming, swimming B. to swim, to swimC. swimming, to swim D. to swim, swimming,C,2). Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this eveningA. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 但要注意: 如果like, love, prefer前有would/should, 后面则应该接to do,A,need，require，wa
24、nt “需要被做”doingto be done,1) Your watch needs repairing to be repaired. 2) The windows need painting again to be painted again.,3.动名词的复合结构,动名词前由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。1）我姐姐病了，使我很担心。 My sisters being ill made me worried.2)他一到机场，就被影迷包围了。 On his arriving at the airport, he was surrounded by the fans.,3). Vict
25、or apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. A. his being not able B. him not to be ableC. his not being able D. him to be not able,C,三.作宾语补足语 感官动词 使役动词 with结构, I heard her _( sing) an English song just now. I heard her _ (sing) an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. I h
26、eard the English song _( sing) many times. 1.接动词原形时，表示动作发生的全过程；接现在分词时，表示动作正在发生或进行接过去分词时，表被动或完成。 7看:see, look at, watch, observe, notice, found, catch 2听:hear, listen to 1感觉: feel 1嗅觉: smell,sing,singing,sung,1. sb. be,seen watched heard felt noticed ,+,to do,2.使役动词：1) make/ let/ have/get sb do,Sb. b
27、e made/ let/ had/got to do,Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning,B,1. I wont have you working all the day. 2. Im sorry to have kept you waiting. 3. She has left the boy crying for a long time.,2) have, keep, leave sb./ sth. doing 使持续做某事,1. I
28、 will have my bike repaired tomorrow.2.I raised my voice to make myself heard. 3) have, keep, make, leave, get + n. + done 使被做,1. _ poor at English, Im afraid I cant make myself _. A. To be; understand B. Im; to understand C. Being; understanding D. Being; understood,D,2. I have had my bike _, and I
29、m going to have somebody _ my radio tomorrow. A. repair; to repair B. repairing; to be repaired C. repaired; repair D. to repair; repairing,C,3. You must get the work _ before Friday. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done,D,4. _ the room, the nurse found the tape-recorder _ . A. Entering; stealingB. Enter
30、ing; gone C. To have entered; being stolenD. Having entered; to be stolen,B,5.We are pleased to see the problem _ so quickly. A. settled B. having been settledC. be settled D. settling,A,6.The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting. picked up picks up pick up picking up,C,As is k
31、nown to us all, traveling is _, but we often feel _ when we are back from travels.A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired,表语,4. 作表语 我的计划是5年实现我的梦想. My plan is to realize my dream in 5 years. 这场球赛很激动人心,我们都很激动. The match was exciting and we were excited.,
32、They were _ at the news.(惊奇于） He is _ .(对神话故事有兴趣）We _.(为四川大地震而感到震惊）The little boys were _ the long speech.(感到厌倦）,surprised,interested in fairy tales,were shocked at the earthquake in Sichuan,tired of,当他们的父亲发火时很恐怖. 孩子们看见父亲发火很惊恐. Their father was frightening when he lost his temper. The children becam
33、e frightened when they saw him losing temper.,I noticed Mother at a nearby table occupy by an elderly woman and a young couple. “Excuse me,” she said, put her arm around the unhappy old woman. 3. Face all strange things around me, I often missed my old friends and classmates. 4. From the disappointi
34、ng look on his face, we know that he didnt pass the exam.,1.非谓语动词在改错中,occupied,putting,Facing,disppointed,2. _, her tears came out. A. Hearing the news B. She heard the news C. When she heard the news D. To hear the news,1._ and she burst into tears. A. Hearing the news B. When she heard the news C.
35、 Jack told Mary the news D. Hear the news,her tears,She couldnt help crying.,C,C,A.C,2.非谓语动词在单项选择中,and,1. If not _, youre allowed to return everything within 10days for a full refund and no further duties.A. to satisfy B. being satisfiedC. satisfied D. satisfying 2. The experiment shows that proper
36、amounts of exercise, if_ regularly, can improve our health. A. being carried out B. carrying outC. carried out D. to carry out,C,C,1. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 2. When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.( 类似）A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared,D,C,3. _ these two books, and you will find the cheaper one is of great value. A. Compare B. Comparing C. Compared D. To compare,A,
