1、书信写作书信是我们用以交涉事务、增进了解、交流思想、联络感情的一种重要工具。分为正式、非正式；私人、社交、商务和公务；求职信、咨询信、感谢信、投诉信、建议信、邀请信、推荐信等写信步骤：一、看清题目、找出主题二、通过题目了解写信对象，确定语气一封正规的英文书信的结构框架由以下五部分组成： the heading 信端 the salutation 称谓 the body 正文 the close 结尾 the signature 签名详细分析： 信端（信头）信端即信头，一般包括写信人的地址和写信日期。一些正式信函的信端还包括发信人或单位的电话号码、电报挂号、电传、传真和邮政编码等。西方国家中有些
2、信端甚至还有单位负责人的姓名、职务和职称等。信端的目的是使收信人一看便知道书信来自何处，何时发出，便于复信和查阅。用一般的信纸写信时，信端应写在信纸的右上角，若字数较多，可从信纸中间或偏右的地方写起。若字数较少，可适当多向右移一些，使整个信端的重心落在右上角。写信端时，先写发信人的地址，地点的名称按由小到大的顺序排列，然后与其它项目和发信日期。具体次序是：第一行写门牌号和街名；第二行写区名、市（县）名、省（州、邦）名，往国外寄的信，还要写上国家的名称；国家名称的前面加上邮政编码，其后可写上电话号码，最后一行写发信日期。如果写信人的地址是机关单位的名称，则将其作为第一行。如果写信人的单位没有门牌
3、号码和街名，则第一行可写上所在班级或专业组的名称；第二行写系、科、室名称；第三行写学校名称；第四行写市（县） 、省（州）名称；然后再写邮政编码、国名、电话号码、发信日期等项。特别要注意的是，门牌号码和街名之间要加逗号。月份和日期之间不可用逗号。在西方国家，城市名称之后往往写有字母或数字（如 New York, 103） ，表示城市的邮政编码。关于发信日期的写法，应注意以下几点：年份应完全写出，不能简写，如不能以02代替2002。月份要用英文名称，不要用数字代替。月份名称多用公认的缩写式。但 May, June, July, 因为较短，不可缩写。写日期时，可用基数词1，2，3，4，5，28，29
4、，30，31等，也可用序数词 lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 28th, 29th, 30th, 31lst 等。但最好用基数词，简单明了。日期可有下列几种写法： Oct. 20, 2004 10 May, 2004 3rd June, 2004 Sept. 16th, 2004其中，最为通用。例：16 Fuxing StreetHaidian DistrictBeijingPost Code: 100035Peoples Republic of ChinaTel: 63211234Aug. 20, 2004信内地址：信内地址收信人的姓名和地址，写在信纸的左上角，从信纸的左边
5、顶格开始写，低于写信人地址和发信日期一二行，应与信端的书写格式保持一致。其次序是，先写收信人姓名、头衔和单位名称，占一二行，然后写地址，可占二至四行，例如：Ms. Joanna KerryPeking UniversityHaidian District, 100871BeijingChina 称谓对收信人的称呼应自成一行，写在低于信内地址一二行的地方，从信纸的左边顶格开始写，每个词的开头字母要大写，至于末尾处的符号，英国人用逗号，但美国和加拿大英语则多用冒号。称呼用语可视写信人与收信人的关系而定。不管给谁写信都首先写上 Dear。1.对没有头衔的男性一般称呼 Mr. 。Mr. 用在姓氏之前或
6、姓氏和名字之前，不可只用在名字之前，例如对的称呼，应该是：Mr. 或 Mr. White, 不可是：Mr. Phil。若称呼多个男性，则在姓名前用 Mr. 的复数形式 Messrs. 。对一般以人名为名称的公司和企业常用这种称呼，例如：Messrs. Black and Brothers 布莱克兄弟公司。对女性一般称呼 Mrs.， Madam 或 Miss。Mrs.用在已婚女子的丈夫的姓氏之前，或姓氏和名字之前，一般不用在名字前 Madame 此词可以单独使用或加在丈夫的姓名之前 Mrs. 没有复数形式。若称呼多个女性，则在姓名前用 Mme. 的复数形式 Mmes. 而对以女子名字为名称的公司
7、、企业可用 Mesdames 称呼。 Miss 多用于未婚女子，此词可缩写为 Ms ，用于姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，一般不用于名字之前。对收信人的称呼，也可用头衔或职位的名称，不分性别。例如 Professor （缩写为 Prof.） ，Doctor （缩写为 Dr.） ， General (缩写为 Gen.) 。这些称呼都放在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，如 Prof. （Phil）White 等。对外公函中对收信人的称呼，可用 Gentlemen （而不是 Gentleman） ，Dear Sir (s)和 My dear Sir(s)等。Gentlemen 之前不能加 Dear， 后面也不能
8、带姓名。用 Sirs 时，前面常用 Dear 一词，但也可单独用 Sir。若收信人是妇女，则无论已婚或未婚，都可单独使用 Madam 或其复数 Mesdames。对外国高级官员的称呼，如国家元首、政府首脑、部长、大使、公使和特使等，可用（Dear）Sir， （Dear）Mr. Chairman， （Dear）Mr. Premier， （My dear）Mr. Ambassador，Your Excellency （复数为 Excellencies） 。对君主制国家的国王和皇帝等男性君主，可以 Sir 称呼，对女王、女皇和皇后等女性君主，可用 Madam 称呼。有时也用 Your Majesty
9、 称呼以表示。客气和尊敬 Your Majesty 可兼指男性和女性，其复数为 Your Majesties。对王室成员，如太子、王子、亲王和公主等，一般可用（Dear）Sir 或（Dear）Madam 但在正式尊称时，一般用 Your Highness (复数为 Highnesses)。收信人称呼先生（男人）Mr./Esq.夫人（已婚）Mrs.小姐（未婚）Miss夫人、小姐统称 Ms.夫妇俩人 Mr.and Mrs.两位或两位以上男子 Messrs两位或两位以上女子（已婚）Mesdames两位或两位以上小姐（未婚）Misses常见的头衔（汉英对照）如下：教授 Professor博士 Doct
10、or(Dr.,Ph.D.)医学博士 Medical Doctor(M.D.)总统或校长 President主席或董事长 Chairman副主席或副董事长 Vice Chairman副总统或副校长 Vice President首相 Prime Minister总理 Premier省长或州长 Governor市长 Mayor参议员 Senator大使 Ambassador秘书长 Secretary General一秘 First Secretary二秘 Second Secretary院长 Director, Dean副院长 Vice Director系主任 Dean, Head, Chair馆长
11、 Chief Librarian, Curator阁下 Excellency神甫 Father 正文信的正文每段第一行应往右缩进约四五个字母。在写事务性信件时，正文一般开门见山，内容简单明了，条理清楚。在写私人信件时，信写好之后若有什么遗漏，可用 P. S.表示补叙。常见的开头语：I was so pleased to receive your letter,.Thank you for your kind letter,Sorry for delaying this so long,常见的结束语：Best wishes to you.Take good care of yourself an
12、d write often.Our warm regards to your parents. 结尾结束语是写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称，只占一行，低于正文一二行，从信纸的中间或偏右的地方开始写。第一个词的开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。写给专业人员的商务信函，一般用正式的语言结尾。如“Yours truly”“Very truly yours”写给密友或亲戚。 “Yours affectionately”“Always affectionately yours”“Lovingly yours”“Yours loving sister”“With love”写给恋人。一般“Fondly you
13、rs”,冲动“Yours with the utmost devotion” 签名信末的签名一般低于结束语一二行，从信纸中间偏右的地方开始写。例：ZHANG HuaLiu Haicheng6. 附件（Enclosure）信件若有附件，应在左下角注明 Encl. 或 Enc.。若附件不止一个，则应写出2（或3，4，5等）Encls.，例如：Enc: ResumeEncls: Grade Certificate7. 再启（Postscript, 缩写为 P. S.）再启部分用于补叙正文中遗漏的话，一般应尽量少用，正式的函件中更应避免使用。私人和公务信函-常用句式常用的起首语有：1）Thank yo
14、u for your letter dated Dec.22,1969.2)Many thanks for your letter of Sept.5，1997.3)A thousand thanks for your kind letter of June 5,1997.4)Your kind letter of November 22th arrived this morning.5)Your letter which arrived this morning gave me great comfort.6)In reply to your letter dated 4th July,I
15、want to say7)Thank you very much for your letter of August 2 and the gift you sent me on Christmas Eve.8)What a treat to receive your kind letter of May 5th!9)It is always a thrill to see your nice handwriting.10)First of all I must thank you for your kind assistance and high attention to me .11)Wit
16、h great delight I learn from your letter of this Sunday that 14)I am very much pleased to inform you that my visit to your country has been approved.15)I wish to apply for teaching position you are offering.16)I am too excited and delighted at your good news.17)I am very obliged to you for your warm
17、 congratulations.常用的结束语有：1）Awaiting your good news,2)Looking forward to your early reply,3)Hoping to hear from you soon,4)We await your good news.5)I hope to hear from you very soon.6)We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.7)I look forward to our next meeting there in Los Angeles
18、.8)Your early reply will be highly appreciated.9)Any other particulars wanted we shall be pleased to send you.10)The help you give me is sincerely valued.11)I hope everything will be well with you .12)Please let us know if you want more information.13)I hope you always enjoy yourself.14)I wish you v
19、ery success in the coming year.15)Please remember me to your family.16)With best regards to your family.17)All the best.18)With love and good wishes.以上是一般书信的写作格式，下面列出具体 求职信（Letter of Application）要点：（1） 简单说明你对自己所应聘的职位岗位和技能的关注与兴趣。要求包含与工作有关的恰当信息（2） 简短说明你所附的材料。信中语言尽量简洁、中肯。所述情况要符合事实。态度切忌过冷或过热（3） 将自己的详细联系
20、方式在信中说明。称呼一定要用人名，而非职位（4） 表名自己的渴望接受面试，以及表示愿意服从公司的工作分配安排例：Dear Sir,I read with interest your advertisement in the Communications of A.C.M. for the position of Director of the new Computer-Aided Learning Center being set up by Ray Conwell CoInc. RCC has a reputation for producing high-quality such as t
21、he Mandolin network system. I am interested in joining such a professional organization.As you can see from the resume, my previous work has included supervision of software product development as well as extensive work in computer-aided learning. Although my educational training concentrated on the
22、oretical computer science, my current interests lie more in applications of computer science principles to produce viable products.My years of studying and teaching in the university setting have given me a good knowledge of the pedagogical process. I look forward to the opportunity to apply this in
23、 the development of a state-of-the-art CAL system. My previous experience in systems design work makes me confident that I could make a valuable contribution to Ray Conwell Co., Inc.Sincerely yours,Merwin D. Kresh 申请信（Application Letter）要点：（1） 描述所要申请的职位、学位或其他特别的待遇等（2） 介绍自己要申请的理由（3） 简单列明自己的学历及工作经历等（4
24、） 说明自己盼望所申请之事能够得到允许的心情例:Dear Sir,This is an application for position as a trainee in your department store. I will graduate from the XX Business College in 2006 and my college requires that the undergraduates have some practical training before their graduation.Having worked for ABC Company during t
25、he past summer and Christmas season, I am most interested in the department store field. I have a little experience in receiving, stocking, ordering and selling.Enclosed are the materials which you have requested. I will be very glad to discuss my qualifications in an interview.Sincerely yours,Xiaoj
26、un WangEnc: resume 致歉信(Letter of Apology)(1)首先点名因何事向收信人致歉(2)说明道歉的具体原因，表明自己对待改时间的态度，及深刻的歉意(3)最后再次请求收信人的原谅例：Dear Li Ming,It is with sentiments of profound regret that I am writing this letter of apology to you.I now fully realize that I was entirely unjustified at the group meeting in leveling against
27、 you a charge that you were often careless and perdunctory in discharging your daily duties. My ill-founded criticism was solely based upon misinformation and misjudgement. Upon careful investigation made later among the masses, I found that you have always been very much devoted to your work and he
28、lpful to the comrades around. It is my sincere hope that my unthoughtful remarks will not be allowed to mar our friendliness. I now beg to withdraw my rash statement made on that occasion and promise to make open self-criticism at our next meeting. Please accept my sincere apology with gratitude.You
29、rs ever,Wang Hong 咨询信（Letter of Inquiry）(1)首先要表明写信意图，说明写这封信是为了寻求什么样的信息或帮助(2)接着提出所咨询的具体问题，强调获得这些信息对自己的重要性(3)表达获取信息的强烈愿望，提供联系方式，对有关人员表示真诚的感谢例：Dear Sir,I am seeking an opportunity to study chemistry in your university after graduation from XX university, Beijing, the People s Republic of China next yea
30、r. Please inform me of the application procedure for admission. I intend to support myself financially during the period of my stay in your university.I should be very obliged to you if you would kindly furnish me with the details concerning the eligibility of a student from a foreign country for an
31、y scholarship in your mathematics department.Sincerely yours,Li Ping 感谢信（Letter of Thanks）(1)首先要表明写作意图，向对方表示诚挚的谢意(2)简要说明感谢的原因，语言要诚挚，信文切忌冗长(3)官方感谢信需行文得体，非官方感谢信较随意(4)结尾再次表明感谢之情例：Dear Mr. Jeffers,I enjoyed our discussion last week. Thank you for your time. I have read the recent article you gave me fro
32、m the “Virginia Nature” magazine about Virginia Game and Inland Fisheries and the local Mood River Preserve. It was informative and exciting.I would cherish the opportunity to do research in the Preserve as we discussed. The independent field study I designed for the spring semester has given me som
33、e valuable tools and skills. I agree with you that informal natural research is important to developing a scientific understanding.Best wishes with the spring season. I look forward to hearing from you next week. Thanks again.Sincerely yours,Logan Hanna 投诉信(Letter of Complaints)(1)首段指明所投诉的事件。(2)接着将问
34、题清晰、简洁、公正地描述出来(3)表述时以理服人，坚持实事，保持礼貌(4)清楚地表明你想如何得到解决。(5)信中要提供重要的信息，例如事情发生的时间、经过和你的联系方式(6)信的结尾表达你对对方最终圆满解决问题的期望。例Dear Sir,Several of us have spoken to you individually about the collection of broken motors and equipment in your front and backyard, but so far the unsightly mess is still in full view. Al
35、though we have nothing against people starting their own repair business, our block is not zoned for private business.In addition, the broken equipment catches rain water and makes a perfect breeding ground for mosquitoes and other pests. It also attracts rats, stray cats and other animal pests that
36、 are becoming a real nuisance to the rest of us. Over the past two weeks, all of us have had our garbage cans ripped open and garbage strewn over our yards.If the motors and equipment are not removed by the end of next week, we will be forced to call in the city officials. If you need help hauling t
37、he stuff away, we d be glad to lend a hand. We ll be talking to you this coming weekend about clearing up this whole matter so we can get our neighborhood looking good again.Your neighbors 建议信(Suggestion Letter)(1)开头明确提出要建议的事情(2)主题段落的第一部分应该先肯定有点，第二部分在写需要改进的地方。这一点是其投诉信的区别。下一步就是针对情况提出具体建议或忠告并解释这样做的必要性
38、(3)该问题与议论文写作的内容很相似，应该注意两者的区别，建议信中避免使用“我认为”的说法，多使用 I 和 You，真正做到与读信人一种交流(4)如果需要，提供你的联系方式，如电话、传真及电子邮件等例Dear Sir,Recently, I visited Baotou in Inner Mongolia for the first time. During my journey, I was very much impressed by the excellent service of the working staff at the Baotou Railway Station. Howe
39、ver, to my great surprise, I found there was no information center at Baotou Railway station to tell me the approximate cost of a taxi to get to my hotel. I was vastly overcharged by taxi drivers for my trips to hotels.I suggest that information center be set up at airports and railway stations. The
40、 information centers need to be staffed so that people can be personally assisted. It is much more helpful and indeed necessary to have staff at their centers because they are more helpful than a few printed or written notices which provide only a very limited amount of information.Thank you for you
41、r attention.Sincerely yours,James Park 邀请信(Invitation Letter)(1)开头首先表明写作意图，向某人发出邀请(2)指明地点、日期、时间等要素(3)表达你渴望见到对方。(4)注意除了像 Mr.和 Mrs. 跟名字的称谓以外，其他单词不要用缩写(5)如果是商务性质的，注明时间、会议地点、发言主题、组织者、出席者类型等等。留下联系人的名字、地址和电话号码。(6)表达你对被邀请者能硬要的愉快心情及强烈的期盼，并希望尽快得到答复。Dear Mr. Wood,The English teachers of the XXX university wer
42、e deeply impressed by masterpiece “A Study of English Intonation” and are very interested in hearing in person your views on this and other subjects. Would you be so kind as to come to our college and meet them at your convenience?You would, of course, receive our standard honorarium to cover travel
43、ing and other expenses.Please let us know as soon as possible if you can come and tell us when you would be able to do so.Sincerely yours,Li MingOffice Secretary 推荐信(Recommendation Letter)(1)推荐信的主要目的是写信人向收信人推荐第三人做某件事情。(2)开头先写明写作意图，并说明推荐人与被推荐人之间的关系。(3)接着列举推荐原因，写出被推荐人的专长和人格魅力。(4)表明推荐人的态度，并表示感谢和期待。例Dea
44、r Ms. Green,I am glad to introduce Mr. Lewis Li to you. He has worked as product manager in this company for three years, from 2002 to 2005. He is a warm-hearted and responsible person who worked very hard during the whole period of his service.Mr. Li has excellent qualities. He is one of the most b
45、rilliant and congenial employees I have ever met. I feel that he will be very valuable to whoever employs him.Because of the reasons listed above, I recommend Mr. Li without reservation.Yours sincerely,Cannon HongDirector of Engineering DepartmentMotorola Company in China便签写作 便条（Note）(1) 形式简单，语言口语化。
46、便条可用于邀请、道歉、感谢、请求、留言等(2) 便条一般可以省略一下几项：1收信人和发信人地址2书信开头称呼中的“Dear”一次3书信中的结尾套语4日期中的年份、(3) Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Nov. Dec例Dear Xiao Wang,I wonder if I could borrow your electronic dictionary for a few days. Now I am translation some important articles. There are many new words which
47、 I have to look up the dictionary usually. I just have a paper dictionary but of course its not as convenient as the electronic one, and has a bad effort upon the velocity of my translation. So I think your dictionary is more suitable for me to complete my work.I promise that I must be very careful
48、of your dictionary and make no damage done on it. Thank you very much!Yours ever,Xiao Zhang 通知(Notice)通知至少包括一下三部分：(1) 时间：月 日，星期，时 分(2) 地点(3) 活动：主题，参加人员，报告人简洁等要点：(1) 语言要求规范简短，具体明确。选用正式或普通的语域。(2) 一般要写明发布通知的单位和时间(3) 正文要明确写出通知的人员范围、活动内容、活动时间和地点。(4) 必要时还应写明活动方式及注意事项等。例NoticeThe Extracurricular Activities
49、 Group takes pleasure in announcing that its annual English evening is to be held in the assembly hall on Sunday, Dec 18, at 8:00 p. m. The program includes songs, recitation, story-telling, skits and plays. Admission tickets may be obtained on application to the Extracurricular Activities Group, Room 205, Office Building.Dec 6,2005 欠条与收据(Loan Note and Receipt)要点：(1) 注明收受双方的姓名。(2) 收到时间、归还期限及相关要求(3) 如有必要将双方达成的一些协议列明一般两三句话必须结束。备忘录写作应用文备忘录是一种正式的专业文件。它结构清晰、阅读方便、传递迅速，经常为公司或团体所使用。大多数备忘录的特点是简明扼要，但它们同时也应具备优秀应用文的其他写作原则：面向你
