1、2013 年 12 月起大学英语四级考试翻译部分由原来的单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英， （查看翻译部分样题）内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。多元文化论 cultural pluralism文化适应 acculturation社会保障 social security班车 shuttle bus大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age独生子女 the only child in a family单亲 single parent福利彩票 welfare lotteries家政服务 household management serv
2、ice民工 migrant laborers名人 celebrity农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor/laborers青春期 puberty全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign全国人口普查 nationwide census社会保险 social insurance暂住证 temporary residence permit/card青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency性骚扰 sexual harassment走私 smuggling性别歧视 gender/sexual discrimination年龄歧视 age disc
3、rimination工作歧视 job discrimination享乐主义 hedonism文盲 illiteracy贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor盗版 pirated/illegal copies一国两制 One Country， Two Systems三个代表 the Three Represents Theory两会（人大、政协）Two Conferences （NPC and CPPCC）南南合作 South-South Cooperation南北对话 North-South Dialogue人大常委会 Peoples Cong
4、ress Standing Committee法制观念 awareness of law法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system改革开放 reform and opening-up公务员 civil servants官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work和谐并存 harmonious coexistence计划生育 family planning计划生育基本国策 the basic state policy of family planning精神文明建设 the construction of spiritu
5、al civilization居委会 neighborhood committee科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education可持续发展 sustainable development廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency两岸关系 cross-straits relations两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations领土完整 territorial integrity民族精神 national spirit普选制 general election system求同存异 seek
6、common ground while shelving differences人大代表 NPC member物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization小康社会 a well-off society小康水平 a well-off standard一个中国原则 the one-China principle与时俱进 keep pace with the times综合国力 overall national strength共同愿望 common desire“走出去” （战略）going global不结盟 non-alignment单边主义 un
7、ilateralism多边政策 multilateralism多极世界 multipolar world人口老龄化 aging of population人口出生率 birth rate社区月服务 community service道德法庭 court of ethic盗用公款 embezzlement成人夜校 night school for adults在职进修班 on-job training courses政治思想教育 political and ideological education毕业生分酉己 graduate placement； assignment of graduate
8、充电 update ones knowledge初等教育 elementary education大学城 college town大学社区 college community高等教育 higher education高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education高等学府 institution of higher education综合性大学 comprehensive university文科院校 colleges of （liberal） arts理工科大学 college / university of science and en
9、gineering师范学院 teachers college； normal college高分低能 high scores and low abilities高考（university/college） entrance examination高校扩招 the college expansion plan教育界 education circle教育投入 input in education九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools课外活动 extracurri
10、cular activities必修课 required/compulsory course选修课 elective/optional course基础课 basic courses专业课 specialized courses课程表 school schedule教学大纲 teaching program； syllabus学习年限 period of schooling学历 record of formal schooling学分 credit启发式教学 heuristic teaching人才交流 talent exchange人才战 competition for talented p
11、eople商务英语证书 Business English Certificate （BEC）适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade； enrollment rate硕博连读 a continuous academic project that involves postgraduate and doctoral study素质教育 quality-oriented education填鸭式教学 cramming
12、method of teaching希望工程 Project Hope走读生 extern； non-resident student住宿生 boarder研究生 graduate student； post-graduate （student）应届毕业生 graduating student； current years graduate校园数字化 campus digitalization校园文化 campus culture学汉语热 enthusiasm in learning Chinese学历教育 education with record of formal schooling学龄
13、儿重 school-ager学前教育 preschool education学生减负 alleviate the burden on students应试教育 exam-oriented education职业道德 work ethics； professional ethics记者招待会 press conference国家教委 State Education Commission国家统计局 State Statistical Bureau职业培训 job training职业文盲 functional illiterate智力引进 recruit/introduce （foreign） t
14、alents智商 intelligence quotient （IQ）助学行动 activity to assist the impoverished students网络世界 cyber world网络文化 cyber culture网络犯罪 cyber crime网上购物 online shopping高产优质 high yield and high quality高科技园 high-tech park工业园区 industrial park火炬计划 Torch Program （a plan to develop new and high technology）信息港 info port
15、信息革命 information revolution电子货币 e-currency人工智能 artificial intelligence （AI）生物技术 bio-technology克隆 cloning基因工程 genetic engineering转基因食品 genetically modified food （GM food）试管婴儿 test-tube baby基因哭变 genetic mutation网络出版 e-publishing三维电影 three-dimensional movie光谷 optical valley虚拟银行 virtual bank信息化 informat
16、ionization信息高速公路 information superhighway新兴学科 new branch of science； emerging discipline纳米 nanometer个人数字助理 personal digital assistant （PDA）生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture技术密集产品 technology-intensive product数码科技 digital technology同步卫星 geostationary satellite神舟五号载人飞船 manned spacecraft Shenzhou V风
17、云二号气象卫星 Fengyun II meteorological satellite登月舱 lunar module多任务小卫星 small multi-mission satellite （SMMS）多媒体短信服务 Multimedia Messaging Service （ MMS）电子商务 e-business； e-commerce电子管理 e-management办公自动化 Office Automation （OA）信息高地 information highland信息检索 information retrieval电话会议 teleconference无土栽培 soilless
18、 cultivation超级杂交水稻 super-hybrid rice科技发展 scientific and technological advancement重点项目 key project国家重点工程 national key projects南水北调 South-to-North water diversion西电东送 West-East electricity transmission project西气东输 West-East natural gas transmission project网络造谣 fabricating online rumors恶意侵害他人名誉 malicio
19、usly harming the reputation of others停止服务 closure/shutdown of service公司歇业 closure of business道路封闭 road closure人为操作差错 man-made operational mistakes生态系统 ecosystem森林生态系统 forest ecosystem海洋生态系统 marine ecosystem垄断价格 to monopolize the price垄断市场 to monopolize/forestall/captive/corner the market限购私用汽车 to cu
20、rb the purchase of vehicles for private use汽车限购 vehicle purchase restrictions汽车购买配额 vehicle purchase quotas车牌摇号 a lottery for license plates牌照单双号限行 odd-even license plate system黑名单制度 a blacklist system执业医师 practicing physician； licensed doctors二代身份证 2nd-generation ID cards防伪技术 anti-forgery technolog
21、y非法交易 illegal transaction冒名顶替 identification fraud洗钱 money laundering挂失 to report the loss补办 to re-apply/post-register户籍 household registration居住证 residence permit山洪暴发 flash floods水位 water level低洼地区 low-lying areas淹没农田 to inundate crops大桥坍塌 bridge collapse最严重受灾地区 worst-hit/worst-stricken area直接经济损失
22、direct economic loss应急系统 emergency response system闯红灯 running red light遮挡、污损号牌 blocking or defacing license plates扣分处罚 point penalty酒驾 drunk driving终身禁驾 lifetime ban from driving用流利英文介绍中国传统元宵节： Lantern Festival2. 刺绣：embroidery3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting6.
23、书法：Calligraphy7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow10.四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11.战国：Warring States12.风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13.铁饭碗：Iron Bowl14.函授部：The Correspondence Department15.集体舞：Group Dance16.黄土高原：Loess Plateau17.红白喜事：Weddings
24、 and Funerals18.中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day19.结婚证：Marriage Certificate20.儒家文化：Confucian Culture21.附属学校：Affiliated school22.古装片：Costume Drama23.武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie24.元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25.一国两制：One Country, Two Systems26.火锅：Hot Pot27.四人帮：Gang of Four28.诗经：The Book of Songs29.素质教育：Ess
25、ential-qualities-oriented Education30.史记：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31.大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)32.西游记：The Journey to the West33.除夕：Chinese New Years Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34.针灸：Acupuncture35.唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored potter
26、y36.中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics37.偏旁：radical38.孟子：Mencius39.亭/阁： Pavilion/ Attic40.大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41.火药：gunpowder42.农历：Lunar Calendar43.印/玺：Seal/Stamp44.物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Sp
27、iritual Civilization45.京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46.秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47.太极拳：Tai Chi48.独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child49.天坛：Altar ofHeaven in Beijing50.小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand51.红双喜：Double Happiness52.政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor53.春卷：Spring Roll(s)54.莲藕：Lotus Ro
28、ot55.追星族：Star Struck56.故宫博物院：The Palace Museum57.相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58.下岗：Lay off/Laid off59.北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck60.高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61.烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker62.敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves63.电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit64.香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Mac
29、ao65.文化大革命：Cultural Revolution66.长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67.门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match68.水浒：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69.中外合资企业：Joint Ventures70.文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）：“The Four Treasure of the Study“ “Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone“71.兵马俑：cotta Warriors/ Terracotta Army72.旗
30、袍：cheongsam京剧 Peking opera秦腔 Qin opera功夫 Kungfu太极 Tai Chi口技 ventriloquism木偶戏 puppet show皮影戏 shadowplay折子戏 opera highlights杂技 acrobatics相声 witty dialogue comedy刺绣 embroidery苏绣 Suzhou embroidery泥人 clay figure书法 calligraphy中国画 traditional Chinese painting水墨画 Chinese brush painting中国结 Chinese knot中国古代四大
31、发明 the four great inventions of ancient China火药 gunpowder印刷术 printing造纸术 papermaking指南针 the compass青铜器 bronze ware瓷器 porcelain； china唐三彩 tricolor glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝 cloisonne秋千 swing武术 martial arts儒家思想 Confucianism儒家文化 Confucian culture道教 Taoism墨家 Mohism法家 Legalism佛教 Buddhism孔子 Co
32、nfucius孟子 Mencius老子 Lao Tzu庄子 Chuang Tzu墨子 Mo Tzu孙子 Sun Tzu象形文字 pictographic characters文房四宝（笔墨纸观）the Four Treasures of the Study （brush， ink stick， paper， and ink stone）大学The Great Learning中庸The Doctrine of the Mean论语The Analects of Confucius孟子The Mencius孙子兵法The Art of War三国演义Three Kingdoms西游爷己Journ
33、ey to the West红楼梦Dream of the Red Mansions水浒传Heroes of the Marshes山海经The Classic of Mountains and Rivers资治通鉴History as a Mirror春秋The Spring and Autumn Annals史记Historical Records诗经The Book of Songs易经The I Ching； The Book of Changes礼记The Book of Rites三字经Threecharacter Scriptures八股文 eightpart essay五言绝句
34、 fivecharacter quatrain七言律诗 sevencharacter octave旗袍 cheongsam中山装 Chinese tunic suit唐装 Tang suit风水 Fengshui； geomantic omen阳历 Solar calendar阴历 Lunar calendar闰年 leap year十二生肖 zodiac春节 the Spring Festival元宵节 the Lantern Festival清明节 the Tombsweeping Day端午节 the Dragonboat Festival中秋节 the Midautumn Day重阳节
35、 the Doubleninth Day七夕节 the Doubleseventh Day春联 spring couplets庙会 temple fair爆竹 firecracker年画（traditional） New Year pictures压岁钱 New Year giftmoney舞龙 dragon dance元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings花灯 festival lantern灯谜 lantern riddle舞狮 lion dance踩高跷 stilt walking赛龙舟 dragon boat race胡同 hutong山东菜 Shandong c
36、uisine川菜 Sichuan cuisine粤菜 Canton cuisine扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine月饼 moon cake年糕 rice cake油条 deepfried dough sticks豆浆 soybean milk馒头 steamed buns花卷 steamed twisted rolls包子 steamed stuffed buns北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck拉面 handstretched noodles馄饨 wonton （dumplings in soup）豆腐 tofu? bean curd麻花 fried dough twis
37、t烧饼 clay oven rolls皮蛋 100year egg； century egg蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks火锅 hot pot长城 the Great Wall of China烽火台 beacon tower秦士台皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda丝绸之路 the Silk Road敦煌莫高窟 Mogao Grottoes华清池 Huaqing Hot Sp
38、rings五台山“Wutai Mountain九华山 Jiuhua Mountain蛾眉山 Mount Emei泰山 Mount Tai黄山 Mount Huangshan； the Yellow Mountain故宫 the Imperial Palace天坛 the Temple of Heaven午门 Meridian Gate大运河 Grand Canal护城河 the Moat回音壁 Echo Wall居庸关 Juyongguan Pass九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi十三陵 the Ming
39、Tombs苏州园林 Suzhou gardens西湖 West Lake九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley日月潭 Sun Moon Lake布达拉宫 Potala Palace鼓楼 drum tower四合院 quadrangle； courtyard complex孔庙 Confucius Temple乐山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha十八罗汉 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha喇嘛 Lama转世灵重 reincarnated soul boy 中药 traditional Chinese medicine黄帝内经Emperor H
40、uangdi，s Canon of Traditional Chinese Medicine神农本草经Shennong，s Herbal Classic本草纲目Compendium of Materia Medica针灸 acupuncture推拿 medical massage切脉 feeling the pulse五禽戏 fiveanimal exercises旧石器时代 the Paleolithic Age新石器时代 the Neolithic Age； New Stone Age母系氏族社会 matriarchal clan society封建的 feudal朝代 dynasty秦朝
41、 Qin Dynasty汉朝 Han Dynasty唐朝 Tang Dynasty宋朝 Song Dynasty元朝 Yuan Dynasty明朝 Ming Dynasty清朝 Qing Dynasty秦士台皇帝 Emperor Qinshihuang； the First Emperor of Qin皇太后 Empress Dowager汉高祖刘邦 Liu Bang， Emperor Hangaozu， founder of the Han Dynasty成吉思汗 Genghis Khan春秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period文成公主 Tang Princess
42、Wencheng慈禧太后 Empress Dowager Ci Xi皇帝，君主 emperor； monarch诸侯 vassal皇妃 imperial concubine丞相，宰相 prime minister太监 court eunuch少数民族 ethnic minority祭祀 offer sacrifices西域 the Western Regions战国 the Warring States中华文明 Chinese civilization文明的摇篮 cradle of civilization秦始皇统一中国 unification of the country by Empero
43、r Qinshihuang鸦片战争 the Opium War太平天国 the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom戌戌变法 the Reform Movement of 1898辛亥革命 the 1911 Revolution新民主主义革命 Newdemocratic Revolution五四运动 the May 4th Movement of 1919南昌起义 Nanchang Uprising918 事变 September 18th Incident长征 the Long March西安事变 Xi“an Incident南京大屠杀 Nanjing Massacre抗日战争 the War of Resistance Against Japan毛泽东 Mao Tsetong孙中山 Sun Yatsen蒋介石 Chiang Kaishek国民党 Kuomingtang中华人民共和国 the Peoples Republic of China （PRC）满族 Manchu蒙古人 Mongo士大夫 scholarofficials学者 scholar诗人 poet政治家 statesman社会地位 social status
