1、从中美脱口秀节目对比看中西方文化差异【摘要】随着社会的发展，电视节目的形式也在不断地变化着。脱口秀节目渐渐的进入我们的生活中，它不仅在电视界也在我们的生活中发挥着举重若轻的作用。在每期的节日当中，栏目组都会选取一个或一些近期流行或备受关注的话题，与一些嘉宾进行交流。这种常见于西方的电视节目形式正在中国大放异彩。本文将对脱口秀节目在中美的发展进行简单的回顾，对中美脱口秀节目现状进行对比，由此对中西方文化的差异进行一些探讨。(随着跨文化交集研究的普及和深入，中美文化越来越受到人们的关注。脱口秀作为一种节目形式，反映了不同国家的文化价值。近年来，中国脱口秀迅速发展，毫无疑问中国脱口秀借鉴了美国脱口秀
2、的一些想法。可是由于文化差异，两国的脱口秀节目不尽相同。中美脱口秀形式虽然不同，但可以相互借鉴，促进各自的发展。我们也可以从它们的差异中看到中西方文化的一些差别。)A Comparison Between Chinese and American Talk Shows toSee the Differences Between Chinese and Western CultureChen ShijiaSchool of Earth Science,Yangtze University,Wuhan,Abstract:With the development of the society, th
3、e form of TV programs is constantlychanging.Talk show programs gradually come into our lives.It is playing the role ofmanaging not only in the world of television but also in our lives.In each program, thecolumn group will choose one or some of the recent popular topics to discuss with theguests.Thi
4、s common western form of television is shining in China.This article willtalk about the development of talk show in the United States and China,and then makea comparison between them to find out some differences between the Chinese andWestern culture.Key words:Chinese and Western Culture,Talk Show,D
5、ifferences,Globalization一中美脱口秀节目的诞生和发展“脱口秀”由“Talkshow”音译而来，最早在美国的20世纪20年代就出现了所谓的“广播脱口秀”节目，因它普遍性的泛滥，使降低了关注度，因而加剧了美国的“电视脱口秀”的发展。这类节目的主持人不需要提前背稿，因为它是一种以谈话方式为主的节目形式，在这类节目中，主持人起着主导的作用她将是一位谦虚的组织者、作为节目的灵魂而存在，“脱口秀”类的节目主持人应该练就说话张弛有度的本领。近几年来，在中国，因生活节奏的加快及生活方式的改变，电视“脱口秀”节目发展的也异常迅速。不仅因它的制作费用低廉，还因为它符合大众消费的文化口味。人
6、们需要笑和思考，而脱口秀恰好能够提供。像美国著名的“脱口秀”节目有大卫莱特曼的深夜秀(又名：大卫牙擦苏)，是美国著名深夜滑稽娱乐访谈脱口秀节目。它曾获艾美奖将最佳综艺节目奖，主持人莱特曼也获得了最佳谈话类主持人的称号。从1993年开始的大卫莱特曼晚问脱口秀在美国TVguide评选的50年以来最佳电视榜上列位第七。大卫莱特曼的招牌是一副“龇牙咧嘴”的笑容，他经常拿自己当笑柄取悦观众，为了让节目具有可看性，莱特曼会时不时在节目中用社会名流的新闻讲个笑话，或者出个脑筋急转弯考考节目的嘉宾。还有查彭秀，它是风靡美国的非传统脱口秀节目之一。它最受美国大学生欢迎，同时也是对政治问题肆无忌惮。节目通过现场脱
7、口秀和各种短片的演绎，极尽搞笑能事。喜剧中心频道因为这个节目，收视率得以不断提高。晚间娱乐秀这类“非传统的”新闻节目正越来越成为年轻人了解时事政治的主流渠道，在对2004年美国大选中所有媒体报道中，最受观众青睬的不是王牌新闻主播主持的严肃分析类节目，而是搞笑类的娱乐喜剧型节目。较之而言，中国的脱口秀节目发展的相对较晚，真正意义上的“脱口秀”节目是由东方卫视播出的东方直播室。但因诸多原因，第一次在中国开办的“脱口秀”节目并没有引起太多的关注。其后在1996年3月12日由中央电视台开办的实话实说从真正的意义上引起了众多关注，一时间，全国上下都掀起了“脱口秀”节目的开办的旋风。据初步统计，中国目前最
8、少有300个“脱口秀”栏目在开办。IntroductionWith the popularization and development of cross culture,the Chinese and Americanculture is getting more and more attention.As a kind of program form, talk showreflects the cultural value of different countries.In recent years, in the rapiddevelopment of Chinas talk show
9、,Chinese talk shows more or less get some ideasfrom the American talk shows.But because of cultural differences, there are a lot ofdifferences between the two countriestalk show programs.Although the Chinese andAmerican talk shows are different, they can learn from each other and promote theirdevelo
10、pment.We can also see some of the differences between Chinese and Westerncultures from the comparison of Chinese andAmerican Talk Shows.1.TheBirthandDevelopmentofAmericanandChineseTalkShowThe Chinese word “Tuo kou xiu“ is the transliteration of “Talk show“.Talk show is akind of TV program type which
11、 is evolved from the American 1920sso-called “radiotalk show“ program.The host of this program does not need to prepare all the lines inadvance, because the program is a form of talk, in which the host plays a leadingrole.In recent years,due to the accelerated pace of life and lifestyle changes, TV
12、talkshow program has been rapidly developing in China.Not only because of its low costof production, but also because it meets the cultural tastes of most audience. Peopleneed to laugh and think. Talk shows are able to provide both of them.Americas famous “talk show“ show “David Lettermans late nigh
13、t show“ (also called:David teeth Su), is a well-known American late night funny entertainment interviewtalk show program.It has won an award for the best variety show, host Letterman alsowon the title of the best conversation class. David Letterman late,Starting from1993,awarded best TV list faithfu
14、lly the seventh since talk show in the United States,“TV Guide“ selection of 50 years.David Lettermans signature is a pair of “teeth“smile. He often take their own the butt of jokes to entertain audiences. In order tomake the program enjoyable,Letterman will tell jokes from time to time on the showw
15、ith celebrity news , or play a brain storm with the guests.And the “Richard Prayor Show“ is one of the non traditional talk show programs inthe United States.It is most popular among college students in the United States.Andat the same time ,it is also completely open towards the political issues.Th
16、e live talkshow program amuses everyone by deduction and a variety of videointerpretation .Because of the program,the rating of Comedy Central Channel hasbeen improved.Evening entertainment show ,the kind of “non traditional“ newsprogram, is becoming more and more popular among young people.It is go
17、od forthem to understand the current political mainstream channels.On Americas 2004presidential election in all media reports, the audiences favorable programs are notflagship news anchor presided over the serious analysis program, but comedy andentertainment shows.Comparatively speaking, the develo
18、pment of Chinas talk show program is relativelylate.The true sense of the “talk show“ program is broadcast by the Oriental TV“Oriental Live Room“. But for many reasons, the first Chinese “talk show“ programhas not caused much attention.Then in March 12, the “Tell It Like It Is“ launched byChina Cent
19、er Television(CCTV) in 1996 attracted a lot of attention in the truesense.All of a sudden, the country has set off a “talk show“ program of the run of thecyclone.According to preliminary statistics, China currently has at least 300 “talkshow“ column in broadcast.二脱口秀节目的现状“脱口秀”节目通常主持人和来宾都不准备讲稿，而是靠现场随
20、机应变。在美国，20世纪20年代广播节目和40年代电视节目主要对近期发生的新闻热点进行谈论评说，娱乐型的“脱口秀”是伴随着西方商业电视的蓬勃发展而来的。1948年，由艾德萨文莉主持的一档娱乐型“脱口秀”节目小城大腕，开创了不谈政治、轻松聊天的节目时尚。几年时间，“脱口秀”节目在中国大有遍地开花之势。在中国，脱口秀没有孕育的历史，追根溯源，或多或少源自于美国，或者是台际间互相模仿。据悉，东方之子1993年初创的时候直接受到美国CNN著名访谈节目拉里金直播的启发，而1996年诞生的实话实说直接参照了美国另一著名电视栏目奥普拉温弗里节目，东方夜谭则完全模仿美国已经走红30多年的夜间谈话节目TONIG
21、HTSHOW。二、中美脱口秀节目的差异(一)从话题选择方面：美国重自由，中国重指导美国脱口秀主持人在节目中所涉及的话题范围非常广，侧重话题的猎奇性。有时候甚至是拿名人政要“开涮”。而在我国，主持人的话题多侧重于教育性和宣传性。目前，中国大多数的脱口秀节目都不是作为娱乐节目运作的。他们一般都定位于社教类或新闻专题类。在观点上带有明显的舆论导向，选题范围狭窄，大多是一些不太敏感的社会问题。第一个将美式脱口秀带入中国的表演者黄西（JoeWang）在用中文表演时，绝不敢开宗教的玩笑。尽管在美国，这个华裔的喜剧演员这样做的次数不算少。中文和英文的脱口秀其实是两个截然不同的圈子，黄西成为少数几个横跨两边的
22、表演者。他在美国生活和工作超过20年。2013年夏天回到中国之前，他在美国说了十几年脱口秀，还曾为大卫莱特曼秀表演，并在白宫电视记者晚宴上当面开了前副总统拜登的玩笑。(二)从主持人引导现场讨论方面：美国重冲突，中国重友好不同类型的脱口秀节目具有不同的谈话方式，在美国，以时事政治类话题为主的拉里金直播通常是一种严肃、谦虚、友好的方式；而戴维莱特曼深夜节目则是以一种轻松、幽默的方式与嘉宾进行访谈。总的说来，直率的、犀利尖锐的，有时甚至让人感到不留情面的提问是西方世界提问的传统，节目本身选择的话题就是具有争论性和对抗性的，因此他们的谈话方式多为辩论。为了增强节目的娱乐性和吸引力，美国电视谈话节目从来
23、不回避冲突，甚至刻意加强和利用各种潜在的冲突。在中国，多数的脱口秀节目都是像实话实说和鲁豫有约那样委婉，心平气和的以一种漫谈的方式“和平”进行，如鲁豫在节目中总是温柔敦厚、设身处地的提问，给嘉宾正面的、善意的暗示。即使是热闹的锵锵三人行，窦文涛的角色也只是引导嘉宾发表据个人色彩的大胆言论，营造日常聊天的形态，谈笑风生的气氛，力求轻松、惹笑，强调平民化。(三)从主持人与观众方面：美国重现场和谐，中国重嘉宾发挥对于美国的电视观众来说，到电视里发言更像是一种表演，脱口秀主持人通过轻松愉快的方式与现场观众拉近距离，使观众获得了一种沟通和提升思想的满足，达到现场的一种和谐度。相比较中国的脱口秀节目，观众
24、在节目现场则显得“文雅”很多，他们更多的是以旁观者的身份观看台上的讨论，显得被动。主持人与嘉宾的谈话就构成了节目的绝大部分内容，台上的无论是主持人还是嘉宾都是“遥远”的明星。2.DifferencesinTalkShowProgramsofChinaandtheUnitedStates2.1 Topic Selection:American talk shows focus on freedom while Chinese onesfocusonguidance.The topic of American talk show programs has a very wide range, fo
25、cusing on thesexual adventures. Sometimes they even make fun of with celebrities.In our country,the topic of the host usually focused on education and publicity.At present, most ofthe Chinese talk show programs are not as entertainment program operation.They aregenerally located in the social class
26、or class of special news.Chinese talk showprograms have distinct points of view on the direction of public opinion, a narrowrange of topics and most of them are less sensitive to social issues.Jeo Wang,the first Chinese talk show performer who brought American talk show toChina,dare not make religio
27、us jokes when performing a talk show inChinese.Although in the United States,this Chinese American comedy actor oftenmake fun of religion.The talk shows are in fact divided into two different circles inChinese language and English language.Wang is one of the few performers who canacross both of the
28、sides.He lived and worked in the United States for more than 20years.Before the summer of 2013 to China, he has hosted talk show performs in theUnited States for more than ten years.He even did a perform for David Letterman andmake a joke of the former Vice President Joe Biden in front of him at the
29、 WhiteHouse Correspondents dinner.2.2 Atmosphere of discussion:American talk shows focus on the controversywhileChineseonestendtokeepharmonious.Different types of talk show programs have different conversation styles.In America,the “Larry King Live“ in which the host and guests always discuss curren
30、tpolitical topics is usually in a serious, humble, friendly way.Meanwhile , “DavidLettermans late-night program“ is based on a relaxed, humorous way.Frank,straight,sharp, and sometimes relentless way of questioning is the tradition of western talkshows.The topic of the program itself is usually cont
31、roversial and confrontational,sotheir conversation is in a form of debate.To enhance the program entertaining andattractive force,the American TV talk show has never avoided conflict.They evendeliberately strengthen and utilize potential conflicts.In China,most of talk shows are euphemistic as the “
32、Tell It Like It Is“ and “LuYu“,talking in a calm and “peaceful“ manner.Lu Yu is always gentle in the program,giving guests a positive, well-intentioned implied.Even in the lively “QiangQiang“,Dou Wentaos role is only to guide the guests to speak boldly in their personalway,to create an laughing atmo
33、sphere of daily chat.2.3 Host and Audience: American talk shows pay attention to the harmony ofthescenewhileChineseonesjustfocusontheguestsplay.For the American television audience, speaking in front of the camera is more like ashow.Talk show host gets closer with the audience by a relaxed manner to
34、 achieve aharmony of the scene.In Chinese talk show program site, the audience seem to be much more “elegant” bycomparison.They are based more on the identity of spectator viewing discussion stage,it is passive.The host and the guests conversation constituted the programs mostcontent, regardless of
35、that they are “distant stars” from the audience.三、由脱口秀看中美文化差异中外脱口秀的不同特点也是与两国之间不同的社会政治、经济生活和文化观念联系在一起的。首先，两国的经济发达程度不同。美国脱口秀节目采取的是纯商业化的运作模式，其首要的、根本的目标就是千方百计地专注观众，获取高额的商业利润。因此，对于美国脱口秀主持人来说，只要是能为节目带来利润，没有什么是不可以谈的。而处于发展中国家的中国，虽然现也有很多节目也在追求高收视率以获得经济效益，但是总的说来，我国的媒体不会像美国那样以经济最大化为追求目标，不会用商业型包装技术赋予主持人巨额身价。我国的
36、社会制度要求大众媒介以社会利益为主，倡导社会责任感和集体主义，要求个人主义和集体主义相协调，必要时个人主义必须服从于集体主义。这样的导向，使得媒介有较强的社会责任感强，但市场竞争力不足，经济效益不显著。其次，中美媒体所处的社会体制不同，导致其价值取向不同。在中国，作为媒体代表的主持人是党、政府和人民的喉舌，中国的节目主持人应当忠诚于党和人民的现代化事业，忠诚于我国的法律，忠诚于我们的民族精神，忠诚于我们的文化传统，忠诚于历史赋予我们的文化使命和社会责任。相比较之下，美国的脱口秀主持人依据他们的立场和价值观判断，国家或政府出钱办的媒体属于“非法信源”。如，美国广播公司黄金时段的政治不正确，主持人
37、比尔-马赫常常会挑起嘉宾关于一些热门政治话题的争论。再次，文化背景不同。美国社会追求自由、崇尚冒险、信奉个人主义，所以在话题选择上几乎没有什么限制，即使是文化、种族的差异也会放在桌面上进行唇枪舌战。美国脱口秀中不管是主持人还是观众，都充分张扬个性，各抒己见，有的甚至与来宾发生冲突，他们在乎的是谈论的氛围与真实。而中国的传统文化向来主张国家、集体利益高于个人利益，人只有在和谐中才能保存自我并在“中庸”中求得发展。因此，中国的脱口秀主持人在节目中所谈论的话题通常会注意选择一些重教育性、指导性的不太敏感的社会问题上。而中华文化的含蓄内敛，孕育了沉静的民族性格。人们不太擅长在镜头前展示自己。3.Chi
38、neseandAmericanCultureDifferencesinTalkShowThe differences between the Chinese and foreign countries talk show is also linked tothe different social and political, economic and cultural values of the two countries.First of all, the economic development of the two countries is different.American talk
39、show programs take the pure commercial operation mode,the primary andfundamental goal of which is to attract the audience by all means to obtain highprofits.Therefore, for the United States talk show hosts, there is nothing forbiddentalking about as long as the program can bring profits.And in China
40、,the developingcountry, although there are many programs now also the pursue high ratings in orderto obtain economic benefits, in general, Chinas media will not take maximizing theeconomy benefits as the only pursuit of the goal like the United States.Chinas socialsystem requires the main mass media
41、 to take the benefit of society as the mainconcern and to promote social responsibility and collectivism.Such guidance makesthe media have strong social responsibility,but the market competitiveness isinsufficient and the economic benefit is not obvious.Second, China and the US medias social system
42、is different, leading to different valueorientation.In China, the hosts,as the media representative, are the mouthpiece of theParty, the government and people.Chinas program host should be loyal to the partyand the peoples modernization enterprise, loyal to our countrys law, loyal to ournational spi
43、rit,loyal to our cultural tradition,and be loyal to our cultural mission andsocial responsibility.In comparison, the United States of Americas talk show hostbased on their position and value judgment.The media run by the State or governmentare “illegal source“.For example,in “politically incorrect“
44、at the prime time of theAmerican Broadcasting Company(ABC),the host Bill Maher often provoked theguests about some hot political topic of debate.Third,the cultural background is different.American society advocate the pursuit offreedom, the respect for adventure and the believe in individualism.So t
45、here is almostno limit on the topic selection.Even the cultural and racial differences are likely to beplaced on the desktop for war of words.In the American talk show, the host and theaudience are full of individuality and frankly to express their views.Sometimes thehost even conflicts with the gue
46、sts.What they care about is the atmosphere and thetruth.On the contrary, the Chinese traditional culture has always held that the benefitof the whole country and the collective interests are of much more significance thanpersonal interests.The Chinese believe that only in harmony and “moderate“ canp
47、eople save themselves and achieve development.Therefore, the Chinese talk showhost in the program usually pay attention to the choice of less sensitive socialissues,like the importance of education.Chinese culture is implicit.Thus it has bredthe quiet national character.People are not good at showin
48、g themselves in front of thecamera.【总结】从中美脱口秀节目的差异中，我们能够大致看出中西方在经济发达程度、社会体制、文化背景方面的不同。而在全球化的趋势下，中国脱口秀也逐渐在选题和说话的方式上有向西方节目靠拢的趋势。一周立波秀、金星秀、大鹏嘚吧嘚都是成功借鉴美式脱口秀的例子。两国的脱口秀节目在传达幽默效果的过程中实现了文化的交流与融合。SummaryFrom Chinese and American talk show, we can tell the differences between the twocountries in the aspects o
49、f economic development, social system and culturalbackground .And in the context of globalization, Chinese talk shows have a trend ofgradually coming closer to the West programs on topics and in the way ofspeaking.“Mr.Zhou Live Show“, “Jinxing Show“ and “Dapeng Talk Show ” aresuccessful examples of learning from American talk shows.In the process ofpressing the humorous effect, the talk show of the two countries has realized thecommunication and fusion of the culture.参考文献：1 潘 薇 . 中 外 脱 口 秀 节 目 发
