1、状语从句时间状语从句：when , whenever , as , while, before , after, until, till, since, ever since, once, as soon as, every time, the moment, instantly, directly地点状语从句： where , wherever原因状语从句： as, because, since, seeing(that) , considering (that) , now that , not thatbut that目的状语从句： that , so that , in order t
2、hat , lest , for fear that , in case结果状语从句： that , so that , such that条件状语从句：if , unless , suppose , supposing ,so/as long as, so far as, on condition(that ) ,provided ( that )让步状语从句： though , although , no matter , even if , even though , however , whatever比较状语从句： than , as方式状语从句 as, as if, as thou
3、gh 一、时间状语从句1、 when, while, as 和 wheneverwhen 表时间点，时间段while 表时间段；有“ 而” 的意思as “当”,“ 一边一边”， “随着”whenever 每当，无论什么时候It is cold when it snows.While there is life, there is hope.While we were speaking, he was reading newspaper.Just as Mrs Richards was entering the dinning-room, there was a knock on the fro
4、nt door.As we age, we trade strength for ingenuity, speed for thoroughness, and passion for reason. 随着年龄的增长，我们用力量换来了机敏，以速度换来了严谨，以热情换来了理智。注： 1)when 还可作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时” ，相当于 and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：sb.was doing sth.when.某人正在干某事就在这时sb.was about to/ going to do sth.when.某人正打算干某事就在这时sb.body has jus
5、t done sth.when.某人刚干了某事就在这时2)如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when ，while 与 as 可互换使用。如：When/While/As I was walking down the street，I came across an old friend of mine.2、 before/ afterIt will be five years before we meet again.五年之后我们才能见面。After you think it over, please let me know what you
6、 decide.After her husband had gone to work, she sent her children to school.3、 until, till, not.until 1) 肯定句：主句的谓语是延续性动词，主从句均为肯定式，意为“某动作一直持续到某时间点才停止”Please wait until I come back.等我回来。2) 否定句：主句的谓语是非延续性动作，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作一直到时间点才开始”He wont go to bed till/until she returns.3) Till 不可以用在句首，而 until 可以Until
7、you told me I had no idea of it. 4）notuntil 句型中的强调和倒装用法It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.Not until you told me did I have any idea if it. 4、 since 从句谓语动词多用于一般过去时态，主句用现在完成时态或现在完成进行时态She has been working in this factory since she left school.I have written to Alice four times sinc
8、e I came here.It is +一段时间 +since 从句的句型中，时间计算一律从 since 从句动作完成或状态结束时算起It is three years since the war broke out. 战争爆发以来，有三年了。It is three years since she was in our class.她离开我们班有三年了。5、 as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment/ minute/ instant/ secondno soonerthan, hardly/scarcely/barely
9、when,“一就”once(一旦)The moment I heard the voice, I know father was coming.Directly I had done it, I knew I hold made a mistake.The instant he saw me, he ran away.I had hardly got home when it began to rain.hardly/no sooner 主句用过去完成时， when/than 引导的从句用一般过去时，固定结构No sooner had we arrived at the station tha
10、n the train left. 6、 by the time 到时候；到 之前(从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时)each/every time 和 the next timeBy the time I got outside, the bus had already left.Each time she came, Jane brought me a nice book.二、地点状语从句 where 或 wherever/ anywhere/ everywhere1. Stay where you are.2. The photo of mine was taken where sto
11、od the famous high tower.3. Wherever you go, you can see new factories and stories.4. Everywhere you go, you will find the same thing.5. Where there is a will, there is a way.6. Plants will grow almost anywhere there is plenty of air, water and sunlight. 判断：Youd better make a mark where you have que
12、stions.Youd better make a mark at the place where you have questions.三、原因状语从句because/as 由于/for/since 既然/now that/seeing that/considering that1） because 强调原因，是句子较重要的部分，在很多情况下，不能用 since，for 等替代。Henry didnt go to the office because it was raining.He resigned partly because he was old and partly because
13、 he was bored with the work.I didnt help, not because I was unwilling, but because I was unable to do it.2） as 和 since 所提出的原因是已知的，或是句中不重要的部分， since 较 as 稍正式一些As his fat is in a large town, he has no garden of his own.Since you dont trust him, you should not employ him.3） for，一种补充说明，而且 for 引导的句子不能放在句
14、首，for 是并列连词He seldom goes out now, for he is very old.4） not thatbut that.“不是因为 而是因为”Its not that Im dissatisfied, but that I have my own business to attend to.5) in that 多出现主句之后；seeing that 因为，鉴于；considering that 因为，考虑到I like this place, but I like my hometown better in that I have more friends the
15、re.Seeing that/ since he was there, he may have seen her.That is excusable considering/ seeing (that) he is so young.四、条状语从句1） 真实条件从句：属性，习惯，推测，对未来的预测If you heat ice, it melts.If he is in London, he is undoubtedly staying at this hotel.If businessmen want to borrow money, they go to see their bank ma
16、nagers.If he breaks his promise, shell never speak to him again.2) 非真实条件句：虚拟语气3）if only 引导状语从句，要用虚拟语气， “但愿，要就好了”If only I had more money, I could buy a car. (对现在情况表示遗憾)If only I had known it, I wouldnt have troubled him. (对过去情况表示遗憾)only if 只有，用陈述语气Youll succeed only if you put all your heart into it
17、. 4) provided/ providing （that） “在条件下”， “要是”， “以为条件”on condition (that) under the condition (that)suppose/ supposing (that)“假定” ，主句多是疑问句granted/ granting (that) “假定.”， “就算是”，有浓厚的让步意义，可意为“姑且”given that“假设” 主要强调以假定的方式提出前提条件。I will come providing (that) I am well enough.I will go there on the condition
18、 that you accompany me.Supposing he cant come, who will do the work?Granted that you have made some progress, you should not be conceited.Given that this is true, what should we do?5) as/ so long as “只要”重点在于时间的延续性，从句可用现在时表将来。You may borrow this book as long as you keep it clean. 6) unless“除非”，相当于“if
19、not”，引导的从句不能用否定式I will go there tomorrow unless it rains.五、方式状语从句 as “如，像”；as if=as though “好像，仿佛似的”I live as others do.He looks as if he is angry.六、让步状语从句1、though, although, while, whereas, even if, even though “虽然，尽管 ”Though 和 although 两者意思相同，一般可互换使用，都可以与 yet，still 或 nevertheless 连用，但不能和 but 连用。Th
20、ough/ Although it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football. Though I believe it, yet I must consider.While I like the style of the hat, I dont like its color.强调对比和差异He thought I was lying, whereas I was telling the truth.Even though I were starving，I would not ask a favor of him.“即使”，有一种假
21、想的可能性或推测，所以用虚拟语气2、whetheror not“不管”Whether he comes or not, the results will be the same.3、whatever=no matter what, whichever=no matter whichWhoever, whomever, whosever, whenever, wherever, howeverStay calm whatever happens.Whenever he comes, he brings us some parents.Whichever side wins, I shall be
22、 satisfied.4、as, though, that （as 引导的让步状语从句需要倒装）Poor though he is, he is generous.Child that he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.Strange as this behavior may be, there is a very good reason for it.Try as he will, he never seems able to succeed.七、结果状语从句 so+ adj./adv. +.that 从句so+ adj.+a/an
23、 + 可数名词单数 +that 从句so many/ few/ much/ little +名词 + that 从句such + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 + that 从句such + adj. +可数名词复数/不可数名词 + that 从句such + a lot of/ lots of + 名词+that 从句The wind was so strong that he would hardly move forward.We have such difficult problems that no one would like to solve.He is such a
24、 lovely child that everybody loves him.He gave me so little time that it was impossible for me to finish the work on time.There are so many picture-story books that the boy wont leave.so thatHe works hard every day, so that he gets the first prize in class.注意：当 so 或 such 置于句首，主句要用倒装语序。So clever a st
25、udent was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. 八、目的状语从句so that, in order that, to the end that I stepped aside so that he would go in.lest, in case “免得，以免” ; for fear that,生怕She took the umbrella lest it (should) rain.There is some money in case you need it.Mary didnt want get
26、 out of bed for fear that she might wake her baby up. 九、比较状语从句asas, not as/soas, the sameas, suchas 和一样morethan, lessthan, the +比较级, the+比较级, This suggestion is as good as that one.Tom is as good a student as Jack =Tom is such a good student as Jack.The sooner, the better.More haste, less speed.在比较级
27、中要，注意比较的对象要一致The weather in Shanghai is hotter than that in Beijing.The students in my class are more than those in yours.表达倍数， 可用三种形式This building is once taller than that one.This building is twice as tall as that one.This building is twice the height of that one.状语从句中的紧缩现象1 时间状语从句中常见的紧缩形式：Dont sp
28、eak until spoken to 有人对你说话时你才说。Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦被看见，它便不会被忘记。While in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Place. 在北京时，我参观了颐和园。Pressure can be reduced when needed. 必要时压力非唯心减。I prefer my milk a little sweet whenever possible.可能的话，我喜欢牛奶甜点。He was a swimmer when a child. 他小时侯就是一名游
29、泳运动员。She always sings while doing her work. 她干活时总唱歌。2 条件状语从句中常见的紧缩形式：Come tomorrow if possible. 可能的话就明天来吧If so, you must get back and get it. 如果这样的话，你必需把它拿来。Ill buy a TV set if necessary. 如有必要我们就买一台电视机。He has no money, if any, he will give us. 他没有钱，如果 有他会给我们的。If in need, dont hesitate to ask me for
30、money.如要钱，不必犹豫，向我要就是了。The girl never give in unless wrong. 这女孩不会屈服的，除非她错了。Unless repaired, the machine is of no use. 这台机器如不修便毫无用处。3 方式状语从句中常见的紧缩形式：Some flowers shut up at night as if (they did this in order) to sleep.有些花夜间收拢，好象为了睡眠一样。The woman teacher hurriedly left the classroom as though (she was
31、) angry.这位女教师匆匆茫茫离开教室，好象生气了。Jane seemed as if (she was) good at everything.琼好象擅长一切。4 其它状语从句的紧缩形式：Though cold, he still wore a shirt. 天气虽然冷，但他还穿一件衬衣。The man, while (he is ) well over eighty. Can walk faster than I .这人虽然 年过八十，却比我走得快。Being blind(= As he was blind), he couldnt see anything.他瞎了，什么东西也看不见。
32、Fill in the blank with articles where necessary.在需要的地方填上冠词。真题演练1 (2012 全国卷 I)25. I dont believe weve met before, _ I must say you do look familiar.A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless2 (2012 全国卷 I)29. This restaurant wasnt _ that other restaurant we went to.A. half as good as B. as half good
33、as C. as good as half D. good as half as3 (2012 全国卷 II)11. I had hardly got to the office _ my wife phone me to go back home at once.A. when B. than C. until D. after4 (2012 北京卷)21.Look at those clouds!Dont worry. _ it rains, well still have a great time.A. Even if B.As though C. In case D. If only5
34、 (2012 上海卷) 32. I have a tight budget for the trip, so Im not going to fly the airlines lower ticket prices.A. once B. if C. after D. unless6 (2012 上海卷) 40. The map is one of the best tools a man has he goes to a new place.A. whenever B. whatever C. wherever D. however7 (2012 天津卷)14. Everything was
35、placed exactly _he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.A. while B. when C. where D. though8 (2012 江苏卷) 30. Ones life has value _ one brings value to the life of others. A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that 9 (2012 湖南卷)28. _ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I
36、 would get an A.A. While B. Once C. If D. Until10 (2012 湖南卷)32. _ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever11 (2012 福建卷)30.It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties _ it gets mor
37、e financial support from the European Union.A. if B. unless C. because D. since12 (2012 陕西卷)18. Hot _ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.A. although B. as C. while D. however13 (2012 陕西卷)25. All the photographs in this book, _ stated otherwise, date fr
38、om the 1950s.A. unless B. until C. once D. if14 (2012 山东卷)27. He smiled politely _ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A. as B. if C. unless D. though15 (2012 山东卷)32. A number of high buildings have arisen _ there was nothing a year ago but ruins. A. when B. where C. before D. until 16 (2012 重庆
39、卷)30. Coach, can I continue with the training? Sorry, you cant _ you havent recovered from the knee injure.A. until B. before C. because D. unless17 (2012 四川卷)4. At school, some students are active _ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.A. while B. although C. so D. as18 (2012
40、 四川卷)10. If you happen to get lost in the wild, youd better stay _ you are and wait for help.A. why B. where C. who D. what19 (2012 江西卷)31.You can borrow my car you promise not to drive too fast.Aunless Beven if Cin case Das long as20 (2012 浙江卷)18. Mike was usually so careful, _this time he made a s
41、mall mistake.A. yet B. still C. even D. thus21 (2012 辽宁卷)30. Leave your key with your neighbor you lock yourself out one day. A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. as if 2011 年真题1.（2011 全国卷 II）19. It was a nice meal, _a little expensive.A. though B. whether C. as D. since2.（2011 北京卷）29. _ volle
42、yball is her main focus, shes also great at basketball.A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. While3. (2011 上海卷) 36. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I wont bother to see it, or Ill wait it comes out on DVD.A. whether B. after C. though D. until4.(2011 上海卷) 37. The police officers in our city work
43、hard _ the rest of us can live a safe life.A. in case B. as if C. in order that D. only if5.（2011 江西卷）29. Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or it is convenient to you.A. whenever B. however C. whichever D. wherever6.（2011 浙江卷）4. One Friday, we were packing to leave for a
44、weekend away my daughter heard cries for help.A. after B. while C. since D. when7.（2011 福建卷）33.It was April 29, 2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.A.that B.when C.since D.before8.（2011 四川卷）4. Frank insisted that he was not asleep I had great di
45、fficulty in waking him up. A. whether B. although C. for D. so9.（2011 四川卷）6. As it reported, it is 100 years _Qinghua University was founded. A. when B. before C. after D. since10.（2011 辽宁卷）25. No matter how _ , it is not necessarily lifeless.A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may beC. may a des
46、ert be dry D. dry may a desert be11.（2011 辽宁卷）29. He had no sooner finished his speech _ the students started cheering.A. since B. as C. when D. than12.（2011 陕西卷）17.The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be _the present one. A. as three times big as B. three times as big asC. as b
47、ig as three times D. as big three times as13.（2011 天津卷）5. regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.A.It B. As C.Although D.Unless14.（2011 陕西卷）19._all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post. A. Since B. While C. If D. As15.（2011 重庆）30 To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off we are to shake hands with.A.whichever B.whenever C.whoever D.wherever 16. (2011 湖南卷) 33 Jack wasnt saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _he had donesomething very clever. A .as if B. in case C. while
