1、- 1 -高考核心考点 名词性从句【专题要点】名词性从句考点：1. 引导词（连接词/关联词）. 三种类型的引导词及特点. that 引导的从句作介词宾语及省略的情况. what 在名词性从句中的使用. whether 和 if 的用法区别 doubt 后的名词性从句的使用2.it 作形式主语/宾语的几种情况3. 名词从句的语序和宾语从句时态呼应；4.宾语从句的否定转移；5.名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等；6. 插入语。【知识网络】 名词性从句的用法在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses） 。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同
2、位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。What he wants to tell us is not clear. Who will win the match is still unknown. It is known to us how he became a writer.。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. That she was chosen made us very happy.Later on I reali
3、zed that I was wrong.I wonder whether/if you can change this 50-yuan note for me.She did not know where she could find the Students Union.We talked about whether we would spend our two-day holiday on the beach.I find it interesting that traffic always keeps to the left in Britain.Im afraid that Ill
4、be late.(= Im afraid of being late.)I am sure that you will come.(= I am sure of your coming.)The fact is (that) we dont have enough experience for the work.This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。（That is where/when/how/why表示“这就是 的地方/ 时间/方式
5、/原因” ）It looks/seems as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。because 可以引导表语从句但不可以引导主语从句。Thats because he has to wait on his little daughter.同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，与主语有逻辑上主表关系。The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came t
6、o him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。一、引导名词性从句的连接词（引导词）1、引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词：that （无任何词意，在从句中不作成分）,从句陈述确定的内容whether, if （有意义-均表示 “是否”表明从句内容的不确定性，在从句中不作成分）疑问词（有意义 保留自己的疑问含义，作成分）He said _ he was 18 years old.A. that B. whether C. if D. why选 A。因为 said 后面是陈述语气内容，其它三个是表示疑问的内容。The tradition
7、al view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. （2007 年上海）A. when B. why C. whether D. thatHe wondered_ Tom was a student.A. whether B. thatwhat, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. whichever, whomever（连接代词）when, where, how, why（连接副词）what (什么) 无范围 / which ( 表选择, 哪一个
8、) 有范围- 2 - Do you know _what_ Mr Blacks address is ?-He may live at No. 18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Im not sure of _which_.I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _which_ it was? What 表示“什么” ，也可表示“所 的” 。This is what he said to me.这就是他对我说的。He asked the pupils what water was composed
9、of.他问学生水是由什么组成的。no matter 只能引导状语从句，ever 既可引导状语从句又可以引导名词性从句._Whatever_ was said here must be kept secret._What_ we need is more time._Who_ has taken away my bag is unknown._Whoever_ breaks the law will be punished. No matter who destroys the forest will be punished. （ 误 ）Whoever destroys the forest w
10、ill be punished . （ 正 ）2、不可省略的连词：1）.引导主语从句、表语从句(口语中可省略) 和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.The fact that he is 80 made us surprised.The fact is (that) we dont have enough experience for the work.2）.宾语从句中的连接词 that 有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中 that 不能省略
11、：（A ）当 that 从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that 不可省略；（B）当 that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that 不能省；（C）当 that 作介词宾语时，that 不可省掉。如：He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wineEveryone knew what happened and that she was worried.He said that he was running a fever and that he couldnt come to
12、school. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.介词后一般不跟 that 引导的宾语从句，但下列几个可以：in that （在于，因为）, except/save that （除以外）, but that ( 要不是，只是), nowwithstanding that (虽然)，这些从句里的 that 不可省略。The paper was perfect except that there were some misprints.The reason lies in that he works harder
13、 than others do.I would have come to see you but that I had something urgent to do then.要不是I shall go notwithstanding that I am long delayed.虽然我耽误了很久，但我还是要去。3、whether 与 if 均为“ 是否“的意思。 但在下列情况下， whether 不能被 if 取代：whether 和 if 在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用 whether。如：It all depends on whether they will come
14、 back.后面直接跟 or not 时用 whether。如：I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.主语从句、表语从句中只能用 whether。如：Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.区别：If you plan to join us tonight, please let me know.The question is whether they have so much money.whether 可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内
15、容， if 不能。如：We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.whether 常与 or 连用表示一种选择，if 不能这样用；(whether 也可与动词不定式连用但 if 不能)。如：The question of whether they are male or female is not important.I dont know if/whether he finally found his missing bike or not.(I dont know whether or not
16、 he finally found his missing bike.)在非正式文体中，if or not 也是正确的。I have not decided whether to go or not.间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用 whether 不用 if。如：Thank you, but whether Ill be free Im not sure at the moment.whether 可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、 “无论” ，而 if 不能。如：Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.Wh
17、ether he will come is not clear.no matter whether/if 不管是否No matter whether(不用 if) it is worth trying.No matter whether she comes or not, well go there.4.当谓语动词是 doubt(怀疑、不相信、不知道)时，应用 whether/if 引导宾语从句，而 do not doubt (= believe) 和疑问句中的 doubt 用 that 引导宾语从句(表示的是一种事实而不是可能性)。Doubt 作“不信”解，表示强烈的不相信时，在陈述句中可接
18、 that 从句。如：We doubt whether/if she will stay there.我们怀疑（不知道）她是否会留在那里。- 3 -We don”t doubt that he can do a good job.我们相信他能做好工作。Can you doubt that she will win?你怀疑她会赢吗？I doubt that she is guilty.我不信她有罪。需要注意的，当主语是 reason 时，表语从句要用 that 引导而不是 because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the t
19、rain by one minute this morning .The reason he has been such a success is _he never gives up.A. what B. that C because D. why 二、 it 作形式主语/宾语的几种情况It is known to us how he became a writer.。I find it interesting that traffic always keeps to the left in Britain.1、有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用 it 代替主语/宾语从句作形式主语/宾语，而把主语
20、/宾语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：我们可以说 Who will go is not important.也只可以说 It is not important who will go.来表示谁去并不重要。可是如果变成疑问句只能用形式主语的形式了，也就是 Is it important who will go ?谁去重不重要？而不能说：Is who will go important?另外还有些连接代词。如 what,whatever,whoever,whenever 等引导的主语从句不能用形式主语 it 代替。比如：汤姆告诉我们的事情不是真的。What Tom
21、told us is not true.不能说 It is not true what Tom told us.再比如：Whoever wants to go with us should let me know before 5clock.想跟我们一起去的人要在五点之前通知我，也不能说：It should let me know before 5clock whoever wants to go with us.2.ask, refuse, let, like, cause, force, condemn, admire, celebrate, entreat 恳求, dislike, lo
22、athe 厌恶, overlook, love, appreciate, enjoy, help, take 认为, hide, forgive, behold 看到, bid 命令, hate, hear, see, want 等后不可接从句，但可用 it, the fact 作为媒介，后跟从句或跟动名词或不定式。如:He overlooked the fact that he had made another mistake.I take it (猜想，认为，断定) that you should rewrite the paper. She hid it that (隐瞒)she was
23、 married.I admire their winning the match.(不能说：I admire that they won the match.)I saw her leave the room.(不能说：I saw the she left the room.)She doesnt like the two boys to play together.I want him to come at once.(不能说：I want that he comes at once.)I hate it when you talk with your mouth full.-Its a
24、lovely day, isnt it?-Yes. I love _ when the weather is like this ,Why dont we sit outside and have our lunch?A. this B. that C. it D. oneNever take_for granted that I will help you.Better depend on yourself.A.that B.it C.which D.this部分由动词加介词构成的短语如:answer for（担保）, depend on ,rely on（信赖）, see to, coun
25、t on （依赖，指望）,insist on 等,常用 it 作形式宾语,而把 that 引导的宾语从句放在后面 Ill answer for it that this man is honest. 我担保这个人诚实可靠。You may depend on it that he will come in time.He saw to it that(确保) the work was finished on time.He insisted on it that we set off before noon.You may depend upon it that well never deser
26、t you.You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.三、语序和时态 1.从句要用陈述语序。例如：I want to know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。Can you make sure _?A. where Alice lives B. where does Alice live C. where
27、 Alice live D. where is Alice living.Will she be back on time tomorrow? I always have the doubt? （连成一句）I always have the doubt whether/if she will be back on time tomorrow.2. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：I know (that) he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）I know (that) he studied
28、English last term. （从句用一般过去时）I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would 除外） ，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，- 4 -过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for AmericaT
29、he teacher told us that the earth is round.The teacher said that she often goes to the library.注意比较:If you plan to join us tonight, please let me know.（用一般现在时代替一般将来时）Please let me know if / whether youll join us tonight.四、 否定转移 1) 将 think, consider, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine, guess, r
30、eckon 等表示“认为、相信、猜测” 的动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。I don t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为 hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。2) 将 seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。It doesnt seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。It doesnt appear
31、 that well have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。在下列场合，通常是从句中的谓语动词采用否定式：（1）think 等前有副词或表示强调的 do, does, did；（2）think 等同其它词构成并列谓语；（3）think 等用作插入语中。如：I really expect she didnt say that to him.I think and hope that he wont be deceived by the man.You wont have any objection, I recdon.五、对比与用法1、同位语从句和定语从
32、句的区别：that 作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，指代先行词的意思，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that 引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:I had no idea that you were here （that 引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that 引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）We expressed the hope (that/which) they had e
33、xpressed.（定语从句） We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. （同位语从句）The news(that/which)he told me just now is true. （定语从句） The news that I have passed the exam is true.（同位语从句）The advice(that/which)he gave was supported by us all.（定语从句） The advice that we(should) set out at once
34、was supported by us all.（同位语从句）六、插入语1） Since you have seen both fighters, _ will win?A. do you think who B. who you thinkC. whoever D. who do you think2） Id like to know _ to her.A. what do you think has happened B. do you think what has happenedC. what you think has happened D. you think what has h
35、appened记忆：It is a pity/fact/shame/wonder that,It is good news that, It is no wonder that, 难怪It is common knowledge thatIt is natural/obvious/fortunate/possible/unlikely/strange thatIt is not known/decided that, It is said/reported/estimated/believed/announced thatIt seems that似乎, It appears that看来, It happened that碰巧, It turned out that结果 It doesnt matter是无关紧要的, It makes no difference毫无区别It doesnt make too much difference that 关系不大It doesnt need to be bothered that不必担忧It is of little consequence that 无关紧要It suddenly struck me (occurred to me ) that 我突然想到（感觉到）
