1、倒装句,语法精讲,倒装句讲解,英语句子通常有两种语序：一种是陈述语序，一种是倒装语序。 将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前的语序叫做倒装语序。 倒装可分为二种：将整个谓语提到主语之前的叫完全倒装（full inversion）； 而只将be 、情态动词或者助动词放在主语之前的叫做部分倒装（partial inversion）。,一、完全倒装,1. There be结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。如:,There stood a dog before him. There exist
2、 different opinions on this question.,巩固练习: 1) _ a beautiful palace _ the foot of the hill. A. There stand; at B. There stands; under C. Stands there; under D. There stands; at,2 (1).在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里。,“Here, There, Now, Then + come (或be,go,lie,run) + 主语“ 结构。,Here comes the old lady! Th
3、en came the hour we had been looking forward to. There comes the bus. Now comes your turn.,如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如: Here you are. There she comes.,(2). 表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如:,In came Mr. White. Up went the arrow into the air. Away went the boy.,2) There _. And here _. A. g
4、oes the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is she C. does the phone go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she,3) Out _, with a stick in his hand. A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush 4) _ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him. A. Jumped do
5、wn the robber B. Jumped the robber down C. Down jumped the robber D. Down the robber jumped,(3).当表示地点的介词词组(如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)在句首时。,At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. The soldiers ran to the building, on the top of which flew a
6、 flag. East of the lake lie two towns. Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier.,5) Near the church _ cottage. A. was such an old B. had a so old C. was such old a D. is so an old,3.“分词(代词) + be + 主语“结构。如:,Walking at the head of the line was our teacher. Such was the story he told me.,6) _, a man
7、of achievements, deep thoughts, but with simple habits. A. Einstein was such B. Such was Einstein C. Einstein was so D. So was Einstein 7) _ are the days when teachers were looked down upon. A. Gone B. Go C. To go D. Going,二、部分倒装,部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do / does / did等,而把原来的谓
8、语动词变成原形放在主语之后。,1. 句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。,这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nor, little, seldom(很少，不常）, rarely（很少，罕有）, hardly, scarcely（几乎不，简直没有）, no sooner（立即）, not only, in no way（决不）, at no time, few, not, no等, 如:,Not a word did I say to him. Never have I found him so happy. Little does he care about what I sai
9、d. I cant swim. Neither can he. No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.,巩固练习: 1) Hardly _ the airport when the plane took off. A. I had arrived at B. had I arrived C. had I reached D. I had got to 2) Have you ever seen anything like that before? No, _ anything like that before. A. I never
10、have seen B. never I have seen C. never have I seen D. I have seen 3) She is not fond of cooking, _ I. A. so am B. nor am C. neither D. nor do,2. only + 状语放在句首,要部分倒装。如:,Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语) Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词) Only when the war was
11、over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句),4) Only in this way _ make progress in your English.A. you B. can you C. you be able to D. will you able to5) Only when the meeting was over_ go back to meet his friend. A. he could B. he was able to C. was he able to D. was able to he,3. so
12、或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。如:,I saw the film, so did she. So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.,6) The doctor told Charlie to breathe deeply and _. A. so did Charlie B. Charlie did so C. Charlie does so D. did Charlie so 7) So loudly _ that _ hear her clearly. A. did she s
13、peak; could everyone B. did she speak; everyone could C. she spoke; could everyone D. she spoke; everyone could,4. “Not only + 分句,but also + 分句“句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。如:,Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it.,但not only.but also.连接主语时,不倒装。如: Not only the mother but also the children
14、are sick.,8) _ himself wrong, but his friends were wrong. A. Not was only he B. Not only he C. Not only was he D. Not only was,5. Not until放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装。如:,Not until last week did they find the lost bike. (简单句) Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. (复合句
15、),9) Not until the early years of the 19th century _know what heat is. A. man did B. man C. didnt man D. did man 10) Not until I began to work _ realize how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I B. did I C. I didnt D. I,6. 在以often, well, many a time, now and again 等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。如:,Many a
16、time has John given me good advice. Often have we made that test.,12) Many a time _ swimming alone. A. the boy went B. went the boy C. did the boy go D. did go the boy,7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里,May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!,巧记倒装句,在带有倒装句的复合句（或并列句）中，到底应在何处倒装，不少初学者觉得难以掌握。下面的顺口溜可以帮助你较容易
17、地掌握其结构形式。NB前倒后不， O，NU主倒从不倒， 2N前倒后也倒， NM前后均不倒。,NB代表Not only，but also引导的并列句。 not only位于句首时，所引导的前面的分句倒装，后面的分句不倒装。故此称为“前倒后不倒”。如： 1）Not only did he come，but also he was very happy 2）Not only was everything that he had taken away from him ，but also his German citizenship（was taken away）,O代表only状语从句；NU代表No
18、t until状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句而不倒装从句，即：“主倒从不倒”。如： 1）Only when he told me did I know it 2）Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted No soonerthan，HardlyScarcelywhen等句型也属此类用法。如： No sooner（Hardly） had we reached home than（when）it began to rain,2N代表Neithernor所引导的并列句。2N若位于两分句之首，则前后分
19、句均倒装。即“前倒后也倒”。如： Neither do I know her name，nor does he.,NM即No matter引导的状语从句。此时前面从句及后面主句均不倒装。即“前后均不倒”。如： No matter how busy he is，he always comes to help us,强 化 练 习 1 _the plane. A Down flying B Down was flying C Down flew D Flew down2 Under a big tree _,half asleep. A did sat a fat man B a fat man
20、sat C did a fat man sat D sat a fat man,C,D,3. She plays the piano very well._. A So every one of us does B Every one of us does C So does every one of us D So do every one of us 4. Never _such a wonderful place as Hangzhou. A are hanging B had I seen C I have seen D have I seen,C,D,5. Not only _a p
21、romise, but also he kept it. A has he made B does he make C he made D did he make 6. Not until he got off the bus _that he had got his wallet stolen. A he found B did he find C he had found D had he found 7. Only in this way _progress in your English. A you make B can you make C you be able to make
22、D will you able to make,D,B,B,8. _and caught the mouse. A Up the cat jumped B The cat up jumped C Up jumped the cat D Jumped up the cat 9. -Where is your father?-Oh,_.A here he comes B he here comes C here does he come D here comes he,C,A,10._in which they had came to the island. A Nearby were two c
23、anoes B Nearby two canoes were C Were two canoes nearby D Two canoes nearby were 11. The door opened and there _. A enters an old man B entered an old man C did an old man enter D an old man entered,A,B,12. Little _ when I took the trip and _ did my brother. A have I known; so B had I know;neither C
24、 do I know; so D did I know; neither 13. Was it not _ you arrived at his house _ you discovered that he was on holiday? A when; that B until; did C until; that D when;did,D,C,14. Many a time _ to see me while _ in hospital. A did he come; was I B did he come; I was C he came; was I D he was; I was 1
25、5 .Now and then _ up to see what happened. A did he wake B he wake C he wakes D he did wake 16. She is not fond of cooking,_ I.A so am B nor am C neither do I D nor do 17. Early in the morning _ the news _ the Chinese Team defeated the Japanese Team. A comes; what B. came; that C comes; that D came;
26、 what,B,A,B,B,18. At the foot of the mountain_. A lie a beautiful lake B does a beautiful lake lie C lies a beautiful lake D do a beautiful lake lie19. At no time _ his personal interest first. A should a communist place B. a communist should place C a communist place D does a communist place,C,A,20
27、. On the wall _two large portraits. A are hanging B hanged C hang D hangs 21.Not once _their plan. A did they change B they changed C changed they D they did changed22. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in my life _so happy! (NMET2000春季)A.did I feel B.I feltC.I had felt D.had I felt,C,A,D
28、,23. Little _about his own safety,though he was in great danger himself.(上海1994)A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared 24. Not only _ polluted but _ crowded.(上海1991) A. was the city;were the streets B.the city was;were the streets C.was the city;the streets were D.the city was;the st
29、reets were,B,C,25._ for the free tickets,I would not have gone to the films so often.(上海1995)AIf it is not B.Were it notC.Had it not been D.If they were not 26.So _ that no fish can live in it.(上海1992)A.the lake is shallow B.shallow the lake isC.shallow is the lake D.is the lake shallow 27. Not a si
30、ngle song _at yesterdays party.(上海2000) A she sang B sang she C did she sing,C,C,C,28.Hardly_ when it began to rain. A had he arrived B arrived he C he had arrived D did he arrive 29.Mr. Smith promised to help me and_ the next day. A neither he did B so he did C neither did he D so did he,A,B,30.Not until the bell rang_in. A do they come B came they C did they come D they came,C,Bye-bye !,
