1、12018年6月大学英语四级真题（第3套)Part I Writing（30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay on the importanceof speaking ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words._Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)说 明 ： 由 于
2、2018 年 6 月 四 级 考 试 全 国 共 考 了 两 套 听 力 , 本 套 真题 听 力 与 前 两 套 内 容 相 同 , 只 是 选 项 顺 序 不 同 , 因 此 在 本 套 真 题 中不 再 重 复 出 现 。PartReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices g
3、iven in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre. You may not use any of the words in th
4、e bank more than once.Neon (霓虹) is to Hong Kong as red phone booths are to London and fog is to San Francisco.When night falls, red and blue and other colors 26 a hazy (雾蒙蒙的) glow over a city litup by tens of thousands of neon signs. But many of them are going dark, 27 by morepractical, but less rom
5、antic, LEDs (发光二极管).Changing building codes, evolving tastes, and the high cost of maintaining those wonderfulold signs have businesses embracing LEDs, which are energy 28 , but still carrygreat cost. “To me, neon represents memories of the past,“ says photographer Sharon Blance,whose series Hong Ko
6、ng Neon celebrates the citys famous signs. “Looking at the signs now I geta feeling of amazement, mixed with sadness.“Building a neon sign is an art practiced by 29 trained on the job to moldglass tubes into 30 shapes and letters. They fill these tubes with gases that glow2when 31 . Neon makes orang
7、e, while other gases make yellow or blue. It takesmany hours to craft a single sign.Blance spent a week in Hong Kong and 32 more than 60 signs; 22 of themappear in the series that capture the signs lighting up lonely streetsan 33 thatmakes it easy to admire their colors and craftsmanship. “I love th
8、e beautiful, handcrafted,old-fashioned 34 of neon,“ says Blance. The signs do nothing more than 35a restaurant, theater, or other business, but do so in the most striking way possible.A) alternative B) approach C) cast D) challenging E) decorativeF) efficient G) electrified H) identify I) photograph
9、ed J) professionalsK) quality L) replaced M) stimulate N) symbolizes O) volunteersSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph fromwhich the informat
10、ion is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2.New Jersey School District Eases Pressure on StudentsBaring an Ethnic DivideA) This fall, DavidAderhold, the chief of a high-ach
11、ieving school district near Princeton, NewJersey, sent parents an alarming 16-page letter. The school district, he said, was facing a crisis. Itsstudents were overburdened and stressed out, having to cope with too much work and too manydemands. In the previous school year, 120 middle and high school
12、 students were recommended formental health assessments and 40 were hospitalized.And on a survey administered by the district,students wrote things like, “I hate going to school,“ and “Coming out of 12 years in this district, Ihave learned one thing: that a grade, a percentage or even a point is to
13、be valued over anythingelse.“B) With his letter,Aderhold inserted West Windsor-Plainsboro Regional School District into anational discussion about the intense focus on achievement at elite schools, and whether it hasgone too far.At follow-up meetings, he urged parents to join him in advocating a “wh
14、ole child“approach to schooling that respects “social-emotional development“ and “deep and meaningfullearning“ over academics alone. The alternative, he suggested, was to face the prospect ofbecoming another Palo Alto, California, where outsize stress on teenage students is believed tohave contribut
15、ed to a number of suicides in the last six years.3C) But instead of bringing families together,Aderholds letter revealed a divide in the district,which has 9,700 students, and one that broke down roughly along racial lines. On one side arewhite parents like Catherine Foley, a former president of the
16、 Parent-Teacher-StudentAssociationat her daughters middle school, who has come to see the districts increasingly pressuredatmosphere as opposed to learning. “My son was in fourth grade and told me, Im not going toamount to anything because I have nothing to put on my resume,“ she said. On the other
17、side areparents like Mike Jia, one of the thousands ofAsian-American professionals who have moved tothe district in the past decade, who saidAderholds reforms would amount to a “dumbing down“ ofhis childrens education. “What is happening here reflects a national anti-intellectual trend that willnot
18、prepare our children for the future,“ Jia said.D)About 10 minutes from Princeton and an hour and a half from New York City, West Windsorand Plainsboro have become popular bedroom communities for technology entrepreneurs,researchers and engineers, drawn in large part by the public schools. From the l
19、ast threegraduating classes, 16 seniors were admitted to MIT. It produces Science Olympiad winners,classically trained musicians and students with perfect SAT scores.E) The district has become increasingly popular with immigrant families from China, India andKorea. This year, 65 percent of its stude
20、nts areAsian-American, compared with 44 percent in2007. Many of them are the first in their families born in the United States. They have had agrowing influence on the district. Asian-American parents are enthusiastic supporters of thecompetitive instrumental music program. They have been huge suppo
21、rters of the districtsadvanced mathematics program, which once began in the fourth grade but will now start in thesixth. The change to the program, in which 90 percent of the participating students areAsian-American, is one ofAderholds reforms.F)Asian-American students have been eager participants i
22、n a state program that permits them totake summer classes off campus for high school credit, allowing them to maximize the number ofhonors andAdvanced Placement classes they can take, another practice thatAderhold is limitingthis school year. With manyAsian-American children attending supplementary
23、instructionalprograms, there is a perception among some white families that the elementary school curriculumis being sped up to accommodate them.G) BothAsian-American and white families say the tension between the two groups has grownsteadily over the past few years, as the number ofAsian families h
24、as risen. But the division hasbecome more obvious in recent months asAderhold has made changes, including no-homeworknights, an end to high school midterms and finals, and an initiative that made it easier toparticipate in the music program.4H) Jennifer Lee, professor of sociology at the University
25、of California, Irvine, and an author of theAsianAmericanAchievement Paradox, says misunderstanding between first-generationAsian-American parents and those who have been in this country longer are common. What whitemiddle-class parents do not always understand, she said, is how much pressure recent
26、immigrantsfeel to boost their children into the middle class. “They dont have the same chances to get theirchildren internships (实习职位) or jobs at law firms,“ Lee said. “So what they believe is that theirchildren must excel and beat their white peers in academic settings so they have the same chances
27、to excel later. “I) The issue of the stresses felt by students in elite school districts has gained attention in recentyears as schools in places like Newton, Massachusetts, and Palo Alto have reported a number ofsuicides. West Windsor-Plainsboro has not had a teenage suicide in recent years, butAde
28、rhold,who has worked in the district for seven years and been chief for the last three years, said he hadseen troubling signs. In a recent art assignments, a middle school student depicted (描绘) anoverburdened child who was being scolded for earning anA, rather than anA+ , on a math exam.In the image
29、, the mother scolds the student with the words, “Shame on you!“ Further, he said, theNew Jersey Education Department has flagged at least two pieces of writing on state Englishlanguage assessments in which students expressed suicidal thoughts.J) The survey commissioned by the district found that 68
30、percent of high school honor andAdvanced Placement students reported feeling stressed about school “always or most of the time.“We need to bring back some balance,“Aderhold said. “You dont want to wait until its too late todo something. “K) Not all public opinion has fallen along racial lines. Karen
31、 Sue, the Chinese-American motherof a fifth-grader and an eighth-grader, believes the competition within the district has gotten out ofcontrol. Sue, who was born in the United States to immigrant parents, wants her peers to dial itback. “Its become an arms race, an educational arms race,“ she said.
32、“We all want our kids toachieve and be successful. The question is, at what cost?“36.Aderhold is limiting the extra classes that students are allowed to take off campus.37. White andAsian-American parents responded differently toAderholds appeal.38. Suicidal thoughts have appeared in some students w
33、ritings.39.Aderholds reform of the advanced mathematics program will affectAsian-American studentsmost.40.Aderhold appealed for parents support in promoting an all-round development of children,instead of focusing only on their academic performance.541. One Chinese-American parent thinks the competi
34、tion in the district has gone too far.42. Immigrant parents believe that academic excellence will allow their children equal chances tosucceed in the future.43. Many businessmen and professionals have moved to West Windsor and Plainsboro because ofthe public schools there.44.Anumber of students inAd
35、erholds school district were found to have stress-induced mentalhealth problems.45. The tension betweenAsian-American and white families has increased in recent years.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For ea
36、ch of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Youshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.For thousands of years, people have known that th
37、e best way to understand a concept is toexplain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,“ said Roman philosopher Seneca. Nowscientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. Theyre documenting why teaching is sucha fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to
38、engage in instruction.Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understandthe material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higheron tests than pupils whore learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still
39、 learningthemselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found thatfirst-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggeststheir higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators areexperimentin
40、g with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage collegeundergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middleschool students on the topic.But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teachable agent“a computerizedcharacter who lear
41、ns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil.Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Bettys Brain, who has been“taught“ about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are6motivated to help Betty master certain
42、 materials. While preparing to teach, they organize theirknowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, theyidentify problems in their own thinking.Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors learning. The agentsquestions compel student t
43、utors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watchingthe agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.Above all, its the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutorsfeel upset when their teachable agents fail, but happy w
44、hen these virtual pupils succeed as theyderive pride and satisfaction from someone elses accomplishment.46. What are researchers rediscovering through their studies?A) Senecas thinking is still applicable today.B) Better learners will become better teachers.C) Human intelligence tends to grow with a
45、ge.D) Philosophical thinking improves instruction.47. What do we learn about Bettys Brain?A) It is a character in a popular animation.B) It is a teaching tool under development.C) It is a cutting-edge app in digital games.D) It is a tutor for computer science students.48. How does teaching others be
46、nefit student tutors?A) It makes them aware of what they are strong at.B) It motivates them to try novel ways of teaching.C) It helps them learn their academic subjects better.D) It enables them to better understand their teachers.49. What do students do to teach their teachable agents?A) They motiv
47、ate them to think independently.B) They ask them to design their own questions.C) They encourage them to give prompt feedback.7D) They use various ways to explain the materials.50. What is the key factor that eases student tutors learning?A) Their sense of responsibility.B) Their emotional involveme
48、nt.C) The learning strategy acquired.D) The teaching experience gained.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Anew batch of young womenmembers of the so-called Millennial (千禧的)generationhas been entering the workforce for the past decade.At the starting line of theircareers
49、, they are better educated than their mothers and grandmothers had beenor than theiryoung male counterparts are now. But when they look ahead, they see roadblocks to their success.They believe that women are paid less than men for doing the same job. They think its easier formen to get top executive jobs than it is for them.And they assume that
