1、,John Donne (约翰多恩) 1572-1631,an English poet Satirist（讽刺作家） lawyer a cleric（牧师） in the Church of England the founder of metaphysical poetry（玄学派诗歌）,His life,His works,Masterpiece,metaphysical poetry,1572,a Roman Catholic family, London,1583,at Hart Hall, University of Oxford (牛津大学哈福特学院),1586,Universi
2、ty of Cambridge,1591,the Thavies Inn legal school, one of the Inns of Chancery in London（衡平法律师学院）,1598,appointed chief secretary to Sir Thomas Egerton,1601,married Egertons niece Anne,1615,became a Royal Chaplain （皇家牧师）,1621,made Dean（教长） of St Pauls（圣保罗大教堂）,1631,died because of stomach cancer,文本,文本
3、,文本,玄学诗派: metaphysical poetry,玄学派是指17世纪英国文坛出现的一个独特的诗歌流派。英国诗人约翰邓恩是这个流派的代表人物，他因在诗歌中精妙地运用“奇喻”的比喻手法而蜚声文坛。玄学派诗歌主要有爱情诗、宗教诗、挽歌、诗简、讽刺诗、冥想诗等。玄学派诗歌反映了17世纪初斯图亚特王朝日趋反动和旧教重新抬头的情况下人文主义传统中肯定生活、歌颂爱情、个性解放的思想遇到的危机。,奇喻(conceit)指一种是复杂的或者牵强附会的隐喻。它通过使读者感到诧异、震惊、有趣而达到其艺术效果。奇喻有两种：第一种是彼特拉克式奇喻，这种奇喻以夸张的手法，借用互不相关的事物来表现某物质特征或者现实
4、经历。 第二种是约翰多恩式，玄学派诗人善用奇喻，所谓玄学奇喻，指的是一种悖论性的隐喻，通过喻体和喻指之间的非相似性给读者的心灵带来震撼。,His works,Songs and Sonnets歌曲与十四行诗The Sun Rising日出The Flea跳蚤 Devotions upon Emergent Occasions紧急场合的祈祷 Death, Be Not Proud死神，你莫骄横 The Elegies挽歌 The First and Second Anniversaries一周年与二周年,The FleaJohn DonneMark but this flea, and mark
5、 in this, 看呀，这只跳蚤，叮在这里，How little that which thou deniest me is; 你对我的拒绝多么微不足道；Me is sucked first, and now sucks thee, 它先叮我，现在又叮你，And in this flea our two bloods mingled be; 我们的血液在它体内溶和；Thou knowst that this cannot be said 你知道这是不能言说的A sin, or a shame, or loss of maidenhead, 罪恶、羞耻、贞操的丢失，Yet this enjoy
6、s before it woo, 它没有向我们请求就得到享受，,And pampered swells with one blood made of two, 饱餐了我们的血滴后大腹便便，And this ,alas, is more than we would do. 这种享受我们无能企及。Oh stay, three lives in one flea spare, 住手，一只跳蚤，三条生命啊，Where we almost, nay more than married are. 它是我们婚姻的见证。This flea is you and I, and this 它，你和我，Our ma
7、rriage bed and marriage temple is; 以及我们的婚床，婚姻的殿堂；Though parents grudge, and you, we are met. 父母怨恨，你不情愿，我们还是相遇了，,And cloistered in these living walls of jet. 并躲藏在黝黑的有生命的墙院里。 Though use make you apt to kill me, 尽管你惯于杀死跳蚤，这也等于杀了我， Let not to that, self-murder added be, 切莫如此，这也会增加你的自杀之罪， And sacrilege,
8、three sins in killing three. 杀害三条生命会亵渎神灵。 Cruel and sudden, hast thou since 多么残忍，你毫无犹豫，用无辜的鲜血染红自己的指甲 Purpled thy nail in blood of innocence? 这跳蚤又是何罪之有呢？ Wherein could this flea guilty be, 它只不过吸你的血了，,Except in that drop which it sucked from thee? 你虽因胜利而得意着， Yet thou triumphst and syst that thou 却发现你我
9、都不是弱者，Findst not thy self nor me the weaker now; 的确，担心不过是虚惊一场；“Tis true; then learn how false fears be; 接受我的爱，Just so much honor, when you yieldst to me. 你的名誉不会有丝毫损失，Will waste, as this fleas death took life from thee. 就象跳蚤之死不会让你的生命有所损失。,丧钟为谁而鸣,No Man Is An Island No man is an island, Entire of itse
10、lf. Each is a piece of the continent, A part of the main. If a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is the less. As well as if a promontory were. As well as if a manner of thine own Or of thine friends were. Each mans death diminishes me, For I am involved in mankind. Therefore, send not to know F
11、or whom the bell tolls, It tolls for thee.,没有人是一座孤岛， 可以自全。 每个人都是大陆的一片， 整体的一部分。 如果海水冲掉一块， 欧洲就减小， 如同一个海岬失掉一角， 如同你的朋友或者你自己的领地失掉一块 任何人的死亡都是我的损失， 因为我是人类的一员， 因此 不要问丧钟为谁而鸣，它就为你而鸣。,Death Be Not Proud,Death be not proud, though some have called thee 死神，你莫骄傲，尽管有人说你 Mighty and dreadful, for thou art not so; 如何
12、强大，如何可怕，你并不是这样 For, those, whom thou thinkst, thou dost overthrow, 你以为你把谁谁谁打倒了，其实，,personification,Die not, poor death, nor yet canst thou kill me. 可怜的死神，他们没死，你现在也还杀不死我。 From rest and sleep, which but thy pictures be, 休息,睡眠，这些不过是你的写照， Much pleasure; then from thee much more must flow, 既能给人享受，那你本人提供的
13、一定更多， And soonest our best men with thee do go, 我们最美好的人随你去得越早， Rest of their bones, and souls delivery. 越能早日获得身体的休息，灵魂的解脱。,Thou art slave to fate, chance, kings, and desperate men, 你是命运、机会、君主、亡命徒的奴隶， And dost with poison, war, and sickness dwell, 你和毒药、战争、疾病同住在一起， And poppy, or charms can make us sle
14、ep as well, 罂粟和咒符和你的打击相比，同样， And better than thy stroak; why swellst thou then? 甚至更能催我入睡；那你何必趾高气扬呢？ One short sleep past, we wake eternally, 睡了一小觉之后，我们便永远觉醒了， And death shall be no more; Death, thou shalt die. 再也不会有死亡，你死神也将死去。,ThemeMan is superior to death.Death has not right to be proud, since huma
15、n beings do not die but live eternally after one short sleep.Death is but momentary while happiness after death is eternal.,注释 : dost：动词do的第二人称单数现在时的古用法。canst:情态动词can第二人称单数现在时的古用法。swellst: swell 第二人称单数现在时形式。shalt: 即shall.,Metaphor: 隐喻，暗喻。A metaphor is an imaginative way of describing something by referring to something else which is the same in a particular way.,Thanks,
