1、Unit 11 Electronic Commerce Legislation,Text A Legal Issues in E-Commerce,1. Many legal loopholes can be fixed only after the incident occurred.许多漏洞只能在事情发生之后才能得以修补。The agency agreement is make out with great care and we have find no loophole in it.代理协议的制定很仔细，我们没有发现里面有什么漏洞。Can you fix the bicycle? 你能
2、修理这辆自行车吗？That dentist will fix your teeth up.牙医会把你的牙补好。 2. most of the surveys that attempt to find the inhibitors of EC consistently place legal and related public policy issues at the top of the list. 多数试图发现电子商务的阻碍因素的调查都把法律和相关公共政策话题放在首位。 Inhibitor： a substance that retards or stops an activity.化抑制
3、剂, 抑制者,3. We have segregated the EC-related legal issues to include:segregate： separate or isolate (one thing) from another and place in a group apart from others 分开，隔开；分离They tried to segregate the two lovers.他们想拆散这对恋人。The two groups of fans must be segregated in the stadium.必须把体育场中这两部分球迷隔开。 4. Pri
4、vacy statements can be found today in most large EC-related Web sites. Compliance with the Privacy Act of 1974 and its extensions are not simple, since the line between legal definitions and ethics is not always clear Privacy statements 关于隐私的声明 Compliance with 遵守 Extensions 在此指对Privacy Act of 1974 的
5、扩展解释。It was done in compliance with your wish.这事已经按照你的愿望做了。Compliance with the law is expected in the state.该州要求人人守法。 the line betweenand: 和之间的界线In EC world, it is a little difficult to distinguish the line between enterprise E-commerce and E-commerce enterprise.在电子商务世界中，企业电子商务和电子商务企业之间的界线有些难以区别。,5.
6、 Protecting intellectual property on the Web is very difficult since it is easy and inexpensive to copy and disseminate digitized information. disseminate ：cause to become widely known; “spread information”; “circulate a rumor”; “broadcast the news“ 传播, 散布（信息、谣言消息） Popularize the Olympic knowledge a
7、nd disseminate the Olympic ideas through various forms.通过多种形式普及奥林匹克知识，传播奥林匹克理念。The application electronic computer can the most quickly study, inspect, disseminate and apply the today scientists concept.应用电子计算机，能把今天科学家们的概念最迅速地加以研究、检验、传播和应用。 6. Yet, this freedom may offend some people and may collide
8、 with the Indecency Act. collide withThe government collided with Parliament over its industrial plans.政府在工业规划上与议会发生冲突。In running around the corner, John collided with another boy.约翰跑到拐角处时和另一个男孩相撞。,7. it is illegal to impose new sales taxes on Internet business . 对网上商业活动征税是非法的 impose on 强加到 She impo
9、sed her opinion on him.她强使他接受她的意见。They imposed a fine on him.他们对他处以罚款。Strict discipline is imposed on army recruits.新兵受到严格的训练.A capital tax on property is imposed by municipalities.市政当局征收的财产资本税。 8. Many legal issues that deal with consumer protection, ranging from misrepresentation to different kind
10、s of fraud, are related to electronic trade.许多关于消费者保护的法律话题都和电子贸易有关，包括信息传递中的错误和和各种各样的欺骗。 range from to:从到 His interest ranged from chess to canoeing.他的兴趣广泛，从下象棋到划独木舟都喜欢。,9 . The problem is that, in information technology (IT), it is not always clear what is illegal, and ethical issues may be debatabl
11、e.本句可以译为“问题在于，在信息技术中，关于什么是非法的并不总是很清晰，并且对与伦理有关的问题常常争论不休。” 在此，that引导两个表语从句。They say their actions have not caused unemployment, but I think thats debatable.他们说，他们的行为并未造成失业，但我认为这话未必正确。 10. under most circumstances：在大多数情况下Under most circumstances should you lend money to strangers.大多数情况下，不要借钱给陌生人。He is
12、so weak that ,under most circumstances, he is laying on the bed.他很虚弱，以致在大多数情况下他都是躺在床上。,11. Businesses that operate on the Web must comply with the same laws and regulations that govern the operations of all businesses. comply with：遵守,照做All the citizens must comply with the law.一切公民都必须遵守法律。 He was wi
13、lling to comply with my proposal. 他愿意顺从我的建议。 12. If they do not, they face the same set of penalties - fines, reparation payments, court-imposed dissolution, and even jail time for officers and owners - that any business faces. 此句译为“如果他们不这样做的话，他们都将面临着任何违法企业同样的一组惩罚罚款，补偿支付，法院强制调解，甚至管理者和所有者被关进监狱。”。 “-f
14、ines, and owners ” 两个破折号之间为句子补充成分(此句的书中解释有误，在此更正),13. First, the Web extends a companys reach beyond traditional boundaries. extends sb.s/sth.s reach：延伸到，扩大范围Enterprises under pressure to cut costs - while simultaneously increasing network capabilities - can extend the reach of their private network
15、s by linking with public data networks. 受到降低成本压力、同时要求增加网络功能的企业，通过与公共数据网相连，能扩大其专用网的范围。 In their theory, the most important breakthroughs-going back to the interstate highway system in the l950s and the rise of inexpensive long-distance phone service in the 60s-are those that allow businesses to exten
16、d their reach. 根据他们的理论，最重要的突破是那些有助于公司扩大范围的创新。这可以追溯到50年代州际高速公路和60年代廉价长途电话的出现。,14. Thus, a company can become subject to many more laws more quickly than a traditional brick-and-mortar business based in one specific physical location. (be) subject to 服从, 以.为条件, 受.的支配; 须经, 须得到;易遭受,发生 All prices are sub
17、ject to review.一切商品的价格都有可能调整。The suspect was subject to cross-examination at the police station.嫌犯在警察局受到盘问。The offer is subject to our final confirmation.该报盘以以我公司最后确认为准。Mary is in rather poor health and is subject to colds.玛丽体质很弱，极易感冒。,15. Web businesses that violate the law or breach ethical standa
18、rds can face rapid and intense reactions from many customers Any citizen or unit may demand the recall of deputies who break the law, violate discipline or seriously neglect their duty.任何公民或单位对违法乱纪或者严重失职的代表都可以提出罢免的要求。 Breach Vt , nYou are in breach of your contract.你违反了合同。Its clearly a breach of con
19、tract.这显然是违反了合同。Thanks to a firewall, network administrators knew the system was breached.由于有防火墙，网络管理员知道系统遭到了破坏。 16. geographic boundaries almost always coincide with legal boundaries. His taste and habit coincide with those of his wife.他的品味和习惯与他的妻子恰巧一样。Your desire coincide with ours.你们的愿望同我们的愿望一致。W
20、hat if the results from the inspection and the reinspection do not coincide with each other?如果检验和复验的结果有出入该怎么办呢？,17. The ability of a government to exert control over a person or corporation is called jurisdiction. exert :put to use尽(力), 施加(压力等), 努力 For college students to do a part-time job will exe
21、rt a profound influence on their personality and life. 打工对大学生的个性培养和今后生活都具有深远的影响。That council member has been exerting a lot of pressure on the company to accept the raw material of low quality. 那个市议员一直在对这个公司施加很大的压力,要他们接受这批劣质原料。 jurisdiction: 司法权; 裁判权;管辖权;管辖区域;权力; 控制; 管辖; 司法The court has jurisdiction
22、 over employees compensation cases.该法院审理雇员补偿案件（或者对雇员补偿案件有管辖权）。 18. that person might want to file a lawsuit against the seller firm.file a lawsuit against ：控告，对某人提起诉讼。At least three Chinese consumers have decided to file a lawsuit against Toshiba. 至少3名中国消费者已准备提起诉讼。 In the United States, anyone can f
23、ile a lawsuit, and often it seems as though just about everyone has. 在美国，每个人都可以告状，而且似乎每个人都告过状。,19. Any business that intends to conduct electronic commerce should consult an attorney (律师)who is well versed in these procedural issues. be well versed in ：在方面很精通，十分精通于 He is well versed in English liter
24、ature. 他精通英国文学。 I dont think your landlord could prosecute, but Im not well enough versed in the finer point of the law to be certain. 我想你的房东不会提出起诉的。不过也不敢肯定，因为我对法律的细节不甚了解。 20. It is sad that some people for perpetrating crimes, conducting terrorism, and even waging war.perpetrate干（坏事） , 犯罪等 Israeli
25、Forces Continue to Perpetrate Crimes in the OPTs. 以色列军队不断地在共管区犯罪Police figures and anecdotal evidence indicate that firearms are inordinately used to perpetrate crimes. 警方数据和传闻都表明轻武器被过度地用于犯罪活动。 21. The distinction between legal adult material and illegal pornographic material is, in many cases, subj
26、ective and often difficult to make. 这句话如果这样说就很容易理解了：In many cases, it is subjective and often difficult to make the distinction between legal adult material and illegal pornographic material.,22. The distinction between legal adult material and illegal pornographic material is, in many cases, subjec
27、tive and often difficult to make. 区分合法的成人用品与非法淫秽物品是非常主观的事情，在许多情况下，这种区分很难做出。We should prohibit the sale of pornographic literature.我们应该禁止出售淫秽文学。 23. Many Internet security experts believe that we are at the dawn of a new age of terrorism and warfare that could be carried out or coordinated through th
28、e Internet. at the dawn of ：在黎明时分，在.开始的时候Something will happen at the dawn of tomorrow.明天黎明时将有事发生。Those stories happened at the dawn of human history.这些故事发生在人类历史的早期。,TEXT BSecure Payment Protocols and Security Schemes,1. The emergence of electronic shopping on the Internet has necessitated new payme
29、nt methods.因特网电子购物的出现要求新的支付办法。 Necessitate： require as useful, just, or proper 要求，使成为必要 His crime necessitated punishment.他犯的罪使惩罚成为必要。Your broken leg necessitated an operation.你的断腿需要手术。 2. Buyers also are concerned with privacy.be concerned with 和有关系，关心We are concerned with their safety.我们关心他们的安全。Th
30、e researches are concerned with alpha rays.这些研究都是关于阿尔法射线的。,3 .expiration date：产品有效期 At the of ones term of office 在任期届满时。 At the expiration of one month from the date of the announcement, the document shall be deemed to be served. 自公告之日起满1个月，该文件视为已经送达。A routine which computes and/or stores, where ne
31、eded, a datum such as current days date, expiration date of a tape, etc. 一种例行程序，在需要的时候它可计算并（或）存储如当前日期、磁带的有效期等日期数据。 4. Imposter n. 冒名顶替者, 骗子A similar case happened at Harvard this year, in that case the imposter was a man in his 20s posing as a student but not actually living in the dorms. 今年在哈佛大学发生了
32、一件类似的案件，在那件案子中，那个男的20岁的骗子装作学生，但实际上并不住在宿舍里。,5. However, SET did not propagate as fast as most people expected because of its complexity, slow response time, and the need to install the digital wallet in the customers computer. 本句可以译为：然而，由于SET协议的复杂性、反应慢以及需要在客户端安装电子钱包，它的传输并没有像大多数人期望的那样快。Propagate：trans
33、mit 传播; 宣传, 传导, 播送This great civilization was propagated throughout the land.伟大的文明在整个国土上不断地传播。Sound is propagated by vibrations.声音靠震动传播。 6 . slip into：滑入.，本文是“插入（划卡）”的意思。Wait here while I slip into something cooler. 等我一下，我换上凉快的衣服。 Slip the belt into buckle and pull tight, thats all. 把带子穿进带扣，然后抽紧，就这样
34、。,7. built-in a. 内在的, 固定的, 嵌入的 （1）The research team has shown that we each have a built-in ability to judge how hard our bodies are working, often with remarkable precision.研究小组认为，我们都有内在的鉴别我们工作力度的能力，而且常常是非常的精确。 （2）We have worked with over 300 individuals in the last two years and now have a body of
35、evidence to show that we each have a highly accurate built-in exercise monitor. 8. message digest：信息摘要 9. RSA algorithm ： RSA加密算法，即非对称加密算法,10. digital signature ：数字签名 11. DES algorithm： DES加密算法，即对称加密算法 12. digital envelope ：数字信封 13. Not only transmission need to be resolved but also does security du
36、ring authentication of the cardholder.not only.but also.的倒装句，本句可以译为：不仅传输过程中的安全需要解决，而且持卡人的身份鉴别过程中的安全也需要解决。,14. Consumers need to show an authenticating certificate that may be stored in a smart card so that counterfeiters cannot abuse the card information even though the information might have been e
37、xposed. 本句可以译为：消费者需要出示储存在信用卡中的鉴别凭证，这样的话，即使信用卡信息泄露了，冒充者也不能滥用信用卡里的信息。 15. payment gateway ：支付网关 16. in advance：预先Firstly, prepare in advance. 首先，要预先准备。 Most landlords ask new tenants to pay a months rent in advance .大多数的房东要求房客预先支付一个月的房租。,17. to date:迄今为止，到此为止 These machines are beginning to date. 这些机器
38、快要过时了。To date, we have not received any replies.我们至今还未接到答复。 18. in reverse：反过来，与.相反Ambulances have AMBULANCE printed in reverse on their bonnets.救护车发动机罩盖上标有逆序反向字母的ambulance字样. This locomotive was hit by that one moving in reverse. 这辆机车被倒着开的一辆车撞上了。 19. lets say: 比如说，假设说Let us say that he did not tell
39、 the truth; Lets say you had a lot of money-what would you do? 我们假设他没说实话；假设你有很多钱，你会做什么。 Let us know three days, lets say, beforehand when you want to have the machine back. 你需要我们把机器还回去时，可以，比如说，3天之前通知我们。,20. by hashing ：通过运用哈希函数 21. trusted third-party certificate authority ：受信第三方认 证中心 22. fill the n
40、eed for：满足.的需求In the meantime, he says, the best way to fill the need for blood is for people to continue to donate. 他说，与此同时目前解决输血需求最好的办法还是请大家继续献血。 It is expected that a further 400 million cubic meters of fill（填料） will be required to fill the need for land for housing and infrastructure developments in Hong Kong over the next decade. 预料在未来十年，本港另需约四亿立方米的填料，为兴建房屋和基础设施而进行土地发展。,23. Transaction Certificate ：交易凭证 24. Time Stamp ：时间戳 注：对于专业术语我们只给出翻译，不作详解，因为在Internet上可以很方便的搜索到它们的详细解释和相关知识。,第十一章完,
