1、写作综述一、大纲解读：两大黄金原则（一）印象原则：书写工整！卷面整洁！字迹清晰！三眼判卷：1） 结构：分段+字数2） 内容：每段第一句最好写主题句（改写提纲）3） 语言：扫描+查看（二）语言第一位、结构第二位、内容第三位：1、语言：两大评分标准1）基本正确：及格分2）丰富多变（词汇+句型）：高分2、结构：逻辑性1）段落结构：总分总（1）主题句：1 句，改写提纲（2）描述或论证：2-3 句（3） （小结：1 句）2）评分标准：（1）关联词：小作文 3-5 个，大作文 5-7 个（2）同义替换：词汇+句型（3）代词替换：物称代词 it考研写作命题规律：反押题（逆向思维）！考研写作判卷规律：反模板！
2、小作文二、书信格式：（关系亲密即私人书信，关系不亲密即公务书信）（一）称呼：1、写给机构：Dear Sir or Madam, （06、07）2、写给个人：（05）Dear Mr. Wang, （08）Dear Bob, （09）Dear Editors,（二）正文：3 段，7 句左右，100-130 词，3-5 个关联词（适可而止） ，3-5 个从句（多多益善）1、第一段：2 句左右1）自我介绍（私人书信除外）：（1）工作人员：05 年：I am a staff member from your company/corporation.06 年：I am a staff member fro
3、m Motorola（China） Electronics Ltd.（2）学生：I am a freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduate from the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Beijing University.2）写作目的：书信的中心思想，改写提纲一（1）05 年：I am writing the letter for purpose of resigning from my current post/position.（2） 06 年：I am
4、 writing to inform you that I wish to request if you could help me find a potential beneficiary of Project Hope.2、第二段：3 句左右，改写提纲二1）主题句：1 句2）分论点一：1 句3）分论点二：1 句3、第三段：2 句左右，改写提纲三或表示感谢+期待回信+写作目的1）表示感谢（私人建议信除外）：（1） My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words. （2） Words fail me when I wi
5、sh to express my sincere gratitude to you. （3） I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you render me.2）期待回信：（1）I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. （2）I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience. （3）Your prompt attention to my
6、inquiry would be highly appreciated.（三）落款：1）结尾客套：Yours sincerely,或 Sincerely yours,2）签名：Li Ming（英语一）/Zhang Wei （英语二）三、书信类应用文：1. 倡议信：冲刺班二十大必背范文之一Directions:Hospitals throughout China are faced with blood shortage and a great many patients lives, therefore, are threatened. Write a proposal letter to 1
7、) concern for the problem2) call on them to be blood donorsDear Schoolmates,A severe shortage of blood is afflicting Chinas hospitals and numerous blood banks have reported dangerously low supplies. Because of recent acute blood shortage, many vital operations have to be postponed, which reduces a l
8、arge number of patients to bleak despair.What can we do to relieve the blood shortage and save these pitiful patients? The best solution should be rolling up our sleeves to donate blood. Being a blood donor wont harm our own health, so I hope all of us can actively and voluntarily participate in blo
9、od donation.Yours sincerely,Li Ming2.感谢信：冲刺班二十大必背范文之二Directions:After being involved in an accident, you were looked after by Mr. Shakespeare. Write a special letter to express your thanks.Dear Mr. Shakespeare,I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude. I am referring to that unfortunate acciden
10、t the other day, when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi.If it had not been for your timely assistance in giving me first aid, I fear that the consequences might have been much serious. Everyone agrees that it was your quick-witted response in that emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcom
11、e.Although nowadays people in mounting numbers talk about the need to be unselfish, we see very few people practice what they preach. If there were more people like you, this world would be a much nicer place. (107 words)Yours sincerely,Li Ming3、投诉信：冲刺班二十大必背范文之三Directions:Write to the head of a trai
12、n, and complain about its bad services.Dear Sir or Madam,As a regular passenger of your train, I am completely disappointed to find that the service you provide is far from satisfactory. Therefore, I am writing this letter to draw your attention to the matter in the hope that the present situation w
13、ill be much improved.As we all know, punctuality is essential to the railway service. However, the train is delayed from time to time, which brings me much trouble and inconvenience. Worst of all is the bad manners of your stewards and stewardesses. From their services, we can not understand the say
14、ing: “The customers are the god.”I believe you will take this matter into serious consideration and give a satisfactory reply as soon as possible. At the same time, I sincerely hope that you will review your management system. I would be glad to see improvements in your railway service. (143 words)Y
15、ours sincerely,Li Ming4.邀请信：冲刺班二十大必背范文之四Directions:Write a letter to Professor Schipper, a world famous professor majoring in Chinese philosophy and religious studies, and invite him to participate in a conference to be held in your university.Dear Professor Schipper,I am very pleased to inform you
16、that Beijing University is organizing an academic conference entitled “Sino-US Conference on Philosophy and Religious Studies” on December 8-9 in Beijing.You are cordially invited to participate in this important Chinese academic event to be our guest speaker. You will be welcome to participate full
17、y in the activities of the conference, including workshops, seminars, and other recreational activities. Your round trip air ticket, accommodation and meal expenses will be subsidized.We look forward to seeing you in this conference and to having you as a significant part of this event. If you accep
18、t this invitation, please advise us of your date of arrival, so that we can make necessary arrangements. (118 words)Yours sincerely,Li Ming5.求职信：冲刺班二十大必背范文之五Directions:Write to a company, and apply for a post advertised in a newspaper.Dear Sir or Madam,I have read your advertisement in China Daily o
19、n 9 December for the post of Accountant, and would be grateful if you could consider me favorably as an applicant for the position.My professional training and experience all contribute to my qualifications for the job. I graduate from the Department of Accounting in Guanghua Management School of Be
20、ijing University in 2010. You will note from my enclosed resume that I was awarded First-prize scholarship four times for my outstanding academic performance. After graduation, I worked as an accountant in Beijing New Oriental Education and Technology Group. I hope that such working experience can b
21、e taken into favorable consideration.I have enclosed a resume for your reference. I would like to extend my heartfelt appreciation if you could let me know the result of my application in due course. (138 words)Sincerely yours,Li Ming6.祝贺信：冲刺班二十大必背范文之六Directions:After the Wenchuan earthquake, constr
22、uction of 16 schools and kindergartens has been finished there and more than 14,000 students will study in the newly completed schools. Write a letter to those students to1) congratulate them on their newly-built schools2) express your best wishes for themDear Students,It is a great pleasure to send
23、 my congratulations to you on the brand-new and well-equipped school building. The school rebuilding project has been finished in less than one year with the love and donation from all social circles as well as the concern and support from both the centre and local governments. What a miracle it is!
24、 Those spacious classrooms and advanced multimedia equipments will make your study environment more comfortable and facilitate your learning process.I wish that you could treasure the excellent conditions and make the best use of them. With the knowledge and skills you are going to learn, one day yo
25、u all can offer significant contributions to our country! （114 words）Yours sincerely,Li Ming7.求学信：冲刺班二十大必背范文之七Directions: You want to study at a certain foreign university. Write a letter to 1) ask about the situation there as regards accommodation and fees,2) possible scholarships, and 3) what qual
26、ifications one needs for acceptanceDear Sir or Madam,I am a Chinese student who wishes to apply for admission into your prestigious university. My plan is to start my course next term, and I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to provide me with certain essential information.First, what qu
27、alifications do I need to follow a course of study at your university? I already have a bachelors degree from Beijing Foreign Studies University, but I wonder if there are any further academic requirements. Second, how much are the tuition fees? Although I intend to be self-supporting, I would be in
28、terested to hear if there are any scholarships available for international students. Third, what is the situation as regards accommodation? I look forward to your reply, and to attending your esteemed institution. （126 words）Yours sincerely,Li Ming8.备忘录/报告： Directions: You are the president of a com
29、pany. Write a memo to George Gordon Byron, the vice-president on the employees training on computer, telling him the need to train the employees, detailed information, and ask him to write a plan.Date：January 7, 2012To：George Gordon Byron, Vice PresidentFrom：Li Ming, PresidentSubject：Computer Traini
30、ng of the StaffAs we discussed earlier this week, I agree with you that our firm is faced up with problem of the high rate of computer illiteracy of the staff. We need to make up a plan for training our employees in the new field.I would like you to design our own in-house computer-training program.
31、 We had better classify the employees and put them through the program in turn.Write up a brief proposal, describing what you think the program should cover. Assume the class runs four hours a week for ten weeks. Also, assume people have no prior computer knowledge or any formal course work in compu
32、ter science.参考译文1、亲爱的同学们：严峻的血荒正侵扰着中国的医院，大量血站报道了危险的低库存。因为最近严重的血荒，许多救命的手术不得不推迟，让很多病人陷入深深的绝望。我们能做什么改善血荒救这些可怜的病人呢？最好的解决办法是挽起我们的袖筒献血。作为献血者不会影响我们自己的健康，所以我希望大家能积极自愿的加入献血。诚挚的，李明2、尊敬的莎士比亚先生：我写信是为了表达我衷心的感谢。我指的是那天我被一辆出租车从自行车上撞下来的不幸事件。如果没有您给予我的第一手的及时帮助的话，恐怕后果会更严重。大家都认为正是您在那个紧急事件中的快速反应才导致了满意的后果。尽管现在越来越多的人谈论到大公无私
33、的必要性，但是我们看到很少有人言行一致。如果有更多人像您的话，世界会更加美好。您真诚的，李明3、尊敬的先生或女士：作为贵列车的一位常客，我完全失望地发现您提供的服务远远不能令人满意。因此，我写这封信希望引起您对这一问题的关注，期待您能极大改进现状。众所周知，准时对于铁路服务非常重要。然而，这趟列车经常晚点，给我带来很大的麻烦和不便。最难以忍受的是贵列车男女乘务员糟糕的态度。从他们的服务中，我们很难体会到：“顾客就是上帝” 。我相信您会认真考虑这个问题，并尽快给出满意的答复。同时，我真诚地希望您能改善管理系统。我很高兴看到您列车服务的改进。您真诚的，李明4、尊敬的施舟人教授：我很荣幸地通知您北京
34、大学将在 12 月 8 至 9 日在北京举办一个名为：中美哲学宗教学大会” 的学术会议。我们诚挚地邀请您参加这次重要的中国学术会议并作为我们的客座发言人。我们将欢迎您全程参与大会的各项活动，包括讨论会、研讨会和其他娱乐活动。我们将负担您的往返机票与食宿费用。我们期待着您参与会议并作为本次会议的重要一员。如果您接受邀请，请告知到达日期，以便我们进行必要的安排。您真诚的，李明5、尊敬的先生或女士：我在 12 月 9 日的中国日报上看到您对于会计职位的招聘。并且非常感谢您能好心考虑我作为该职位的申请人。我的教育背景和经历都使我非常胜任该职位。2010 年我毕业于北京大学光华管理学院会计系。从我附上的
35、简历中，您会看到由于出色的学习成绩，我曾四次获得一等奖学金。毕业后，我在北京新东方教育科技集团担任会计。我希望您能好心考虑我的工作经历。我附上了一份简历供您参考。如果您能让我适时知道申请结果，我将衷心感谢。您真诚的，张伟6、亲爱的同学们：对你们崭新而设备优良的教学楼，我非常高兴地致以祝贺。在来自社会各界的爱心和捐助下，以及中央和地方政府的支持和关注下，学校的重建工作在不到一年的时间里就完成了。这真是一个奇迹啊！那些宽敞的教室和先进的多媒体设备将使你们的学习环境更加舒适，也有助于你们的学习过程。我希望你们能珍惜这些优秀的条件，并充分利用它们。将来你们就可以用所学的知识为我们的祖国做出重要的贡献！
36、真诚的，李明7、尊敬的先生或女士：我是一名中国学生，希望向您这所著名大学申请入学。我计划下学期开始我的课程，如果您能好心提供一些基本信息，我将非常感谢。首先，我在您的大学听课需要什么条件？我已经从北京外国语大学获得学士学位，但我想知道是否有进一步的学术要求。其次，学费是多少？尽管我打算自费，但我想了解一下是否国外学生可以获得奖学金。最后，住宿情况怎么样？我期待着您的答复，并且希望进入您这所著名大学。您真诚的，李明8、日期：2012 年 1 月 7 日致：乔治戈登 拜伦，副总裁自：李明，总裁主题：员工计算机培训正如我们本周早期讨论的那样，我同意你的看法：我们公司正在面临员工高比率电脑盲的问题。我
37、们需要制定一个计划，在这个新的领域培训员工。我想让你制定我们自己的内部计算机培训计划。我们最好把员工分类，让他们轮流参加这个项目。写一个简要的计划，涵盖你认为这个项目需要包括的内容。假定培训为十周，每周四小时。同时假定员工在计算机方面没有任何预先的知识或没有参加过正式课程。（2）参考范文：冲刺班二十大必背范文之八Fundamental Causes of Economic GlobalizationEconomic globalization has been progressing rapidly since the beginning of the 1950s. Several facto
38、rs have contributed to such development. Firstly, advancements in science and technology have offered a technical foundation by providing the material basis and the technical means. Meanwhile, a solid economic foundation for such a globalization has been laid by the market economy which is prevailin
39、g over the world. Other factors include the pillaring and propelling role of multinationals in micro-economic operations, the ever growing coordinating and controlling power and function exercised by such international economic organizations as WTO, IMF and WB in the international trade and finance.
40、(100 words)2.摘要万能框架：1）总论：填中心词（1）In the first paragraph of the dissertation, the author highlights that due attention has to be paid to .在本文的第一段，作者强调我们必须充分重视 。 （2）In the beginning of the essay, the writer clings to the idea that we should attach utmost significance to the issue of . 在本文开头，作者坚持认为我们应该充
41、分重视这一问题。 （3）To begin with, the purpose of the writer is to show us that is of great significance, yet the thought-provoking implications conveyed should be taken more carefully.首先，作者的目的是告诉非常重要，然而我们应该认真对待所传达的发人深思的含义。 （4）From the dissertation, the writer wants to convey such a message: utmost importan
42、ce should be attached to .从这篇文章中，作者想要表达这一信息：我们应该充分重视。（5）Currently, there is a widespread concern regarding the previously neglected issue of .目前，人们开始广泛关注之前被忽视的这一问题。2）承上启下：（1）There are many/different/several main/primary/fundamental reasons/causes/factors for this significant/vital/crucial issue. 这个重
43、要问题有几个主要原因。 （2）It is no simple job to give the reason for this deep-seated tendency which involves several causes. 这一深刻的趋势涉及诸多因素，找到个中原因并非易事。 （3）It is no easy task to find the reason for this complicated phenomenon which involves many factors. 这个复杂的现象涉及很多因素，找到个中原因并非易事。 （4）Some driving factors that co
44、ntribute to the above-mentioned issue may be summarized as follows.促成上述问题的一些主要原因可以概括如下。（5）There are a great many primary reasons responsible for the aforementioned tendency.很多主要原因造成了上述趋势。3）分论点一：（1）On the one hand, among the most convincing causes identified by people, one should be stressed, that is
45、 . 一方面，在被人们确定的最有力的原因中，一点原因应该得到重视，那就是 。 （2）For one thing, the past several decades have witnessed a thought-provoking social phenomenon that has been arising from all over the world.一方面，过去几十年目睹了一个发人深思的社会现象：在世界各地出现。 （3）In the first place, as is demonstrated in the essay, enjoys a striking popularity a
46、round the globe. 一方面，正如文中所示， 在全球非常流行。 （4）To begin with, a clear correlation is suggested that has exerted tremendously profound influence on the development of our society.首先，我们可以清楚地看出：对我们社会的发展产生了非常深远的影响。（5）Above all, we may look into every possible reason except the leading cause, which is .首先，我们可以
47、研究每个可能的原因，而最主要原因就是。4）分论点二：（1）On the other hand, the dissertation also subtly reflects the social phenomenon that is prevalent nowadays. 另一方面，本文也敏锐揭示了这一社会现象：在当今也很盛行。 （2）For another, as far as the author is concerned, is of utmost importance to both our society and ourselves. 另一方面，作者认为对我们社会和我们自己都意义重大。
48、 （3） In the second place, the author illustrates the deep-rooted reason by stressing the fact that is also essential to the development of our society. 另一方面，作者通过强调对我们社会发展非常重要这一事实，阐明了深入的原因。 （4）In addition, it is imperative for us to cultivate the awareness of in our society.其次，我们急需培养社会中的意识。（5）Further
49、more, some find it quite understandable when considering the fact that importance should be attached to .其次，人们发现当考虑到我们应该重视这一事实时，情况不言自明。5）小结：填中心词（1）To sum up, it is apparent that the writer aims at reminding us of the significance of in our society. 简而言之，显而易见作者旨在提醒我们 在我们社会中的意义。 （2） Given all the above argument, we can draw the conclusion that is indeed crucial. 综合上述所有论证，我们可以得出结论：确实重要。 （3）With due consideration of the analysis above, we may draw a conclusion
