1、1初中英语语法专项介词（Preposition）介词(prep.)： 介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分。其后面一般有名词、代词（宾格）或相当于名词的其他词类、短语作它的宾语。介词与动词、名词、形容词常有比较固定的搭配。一、介词种类1. 简单介词：at, in, on, about, off, across, before, after, beside, for , to, of, over, past等。2. 复合介词：into, inside, onto, without, outside, because of, in front of, out of, instead of, along
2、with, according to 等。二、用法区别1. at, on, in(1) at +钟点at six oclock【固定搭配】at noon / night，at the end of ，at the beginning of，at the age of(2) on +具体某一天及某天的早午晚/星期/一般的节日on June 2nd, 2007 在 2007 年 6 月 2 日on Friday on Friday afternoonon the night of October 22nd on Teachers Day on Christmas Day / at Christma
3、son a rainy day 在雨天(3) in +月份/季节/年及泛指的早午晚in 2007in March, 2007in the morning/afternoon/eveningin spring/summer/autumn/winter2练一练：14 ABBB1. Mary is flying to France soon. She will arrive in Paris _ the morning of July 9.A. on B. in C. at2. The twins were born _ a Friday evening.A. in B. on C. at3. We
4、 traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _ 5 oclock _ the morning.A. on; in B. at; in C. at; in4. We finish our lessons _ 11:30 and then have a rest _ noon.A. in; in B. at; at C. in; at2. in, at, onarrive in +大地方 arrive at +小地方on a farm 在农场表示“在某地 ”时，at+小地方，in+大地方，on + 门牌/ 某层楼on the fifth floor 在第五层楼
5、at home 在家 at the bus stop 在汽车站 in China 在中国 in the world 在世界上3. in, on, to（表示方位）in 表示在某一地区之内（属于该范围） 。 （包含）on 表示与某一地区的毗邻关系，互相接壤。 （相切）to 表示在某一地区之外，不接壤的某方位（不属于该范围） 。 （相离）练一练：12 BB1.China lies _ the east of Asia and _ the north of Australia.A. in, on B. in ,to C. to, in2. Mongolia is _ the north of Chi
6、na.A. in B. on C. to34. between, amongbetween 在 之间（两者） betweenandamong 在之间（三者或以上）eg. The house stands between two farms. 这座房子位于两个农场之间。The house stands among farms. 这座房子位于农场之间。5. in the tree, on the treein the tree 指动物或人（外来物）在树上on the tree 指果实、树叶等长在树上eg. The apples are on the apple trees.The birds ar
7、e singing in the tree.6. across, throughacross 强调穿过某一个平面/指从一端到另一端 (street)through 强调穿过某一立体的空间 (forest, city)eg. We walked through the forest.I swam across the river. (这里指人从河这边游到对岸。)7. over(反义词 under), above(反义词 below), on(反义词 beneath)over 指在某物体垂直上方，但不与该物体直接接触，其反义词是 under。above 指在上方的任意一点，不一定是垂直的正上方，不
8、接触，其反义词是below。on 表示“在 上面” ，且互相接触，其反义词是 beneath。练一练：13 BAA1. Look! There is a bridge _ the river.A. on B. over C. above2. Can you see the egg _ the plate?A. on B. in C. over3. The light _ us is very bright.A. over B. under C. on49. in, with, by（表示手段、方式）in +语言 Whats this in English?in +颜色 穿 颜色的衣服 in b
9、lack 穿着黑色的衣服with 用具体的工具或方法 / 用身体的某一部位或器官by 使用的方法、手段eg. We learn English by using it.May I write with a pencil?Teachers write on the blackboard with chalk.10. in front of 与 in the front ofin front of 在前面，表示在某一空间外部的前面in the front of 在前部，表示在某一空间内部的前面eg. There are some trees in front of the classroom. 教
10、室前有一些树。Dont sit in the front of the car. 不要坐在小汽车的前部。11. be made 的常见结构be made in 在某地制造be made of 由制成（可以看出原材料）be made from 由制成（看不出原材料）be made into 被制成be made after 仿照制成be made up of 由制成12. be used 的常见结构be used to do sth. / be used for doing sth. 被用来做be used as 被当作来用13. but, except, besides 除之外but 与 ex
11、cept 同义，指从整体中排除一部分人或物（不包括宾语后的） ，表5示排除，但 but 多用在 every, any, no 等和由这些词构成的复合词如 everything, anywhere, nobody 等词以后及 all, none 之后。besides 除 之外（其他的也；还有） ，其后的宾语被包括在整体之内。eg. They are all gone but me. 除我之外，他们都去了。All the boys went to play football except Jim. 除吉姆以外，所有男孩都去踢足球了。 （吉姆没有去）Besides his wife, his dau
12、ghter also went to see him. 除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他（即妻子女儿都去看过他） 。三、不需要介词的词1. home, downtown, uptown, inside, outside, downstairs, upstairs, here, thereeg. Grandma went upstairs.Roma went home.She came inside.2. 表示时间的介词 at, on, in 的省略在 next, last, this, these, today, yesterday, tomorrow, one, every, each, all
13、 等词前，一般不用 at, in, on。eg. We are going to the park next Sunday.3. 在某些名词词组前，可以省略(也可不省) eg. (on) that day【课堂练习】：1. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _ 5 oclock _ the morning.A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on2. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _ the year of 2000.A. since B. in C. o
14、n D. by63. Hong Kong is _ the south of China, and Macao is _ the west of Hong Kong.A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; in4. Japan lies _ the east of China.A. to B. in C. about D. at5. I wont believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words _ I have tested him myself.A. after B. when
15、C. if D. until6. The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours _ he realized it.A. when B. until C. after D. before7. Look the map China the wall, please. A after, of, in B at, of, in C after, in, on D at, of, on 8. - Please remember to come to my birthday party. - I see. Ill come
16、Saturday evening. A in B at C on D for9. They will have a maths test two days A for B at C in D after10. My brother joined the army A 1989， March B in March， 1989 C March， 1989 D 1989， in March 11.Its good manners to wait line A in B on C at D with 【课后作业】1.We had our breakfast a quarter seven A /， t
17、o B in， to C at， to D on， to2. Its good manners to wait line A in B on C at D with3. How many English words had you learnt last term? A by the end of B at the end of C to the end of D till the end of 4. I was born the night September 15， 1978 A in， on Bat， on Cat， in Don， of 5. Its a bad manner to laugh people when they are trouble A over， in Bat， in C in， at D at， for6. The peoples Republic of China was founded 1949 A with B on C since D in7. He arrived _ Guangzhou _ noon.A. in; in B. to; at C. in; at D. at; in8. They work _ a small farm _ a river.A. on; by B. at; on C. by; on D. in; in
