1、Chapter III Discovery and Colonization of the New World,(1492-1679),Discovery of the New World Colonization of the New World,Discovery of the New World,1. Background of the New World 2. Purpose for exploring the unknown world 3. Process of the voyages between 1488-1534,1. Background of the discovery
2、,1) inhabitants-American IndiansThey were migrants from eastern Siberia and belong to the Mongoloid peoples. They traveled into the New World more than 20,000 years ago, and spread all over North and South America from Alaska to Cape Horn.,2) settlers-European people (the change of Europe),a. About
3、A.D 1000, the Norsemen from Scandinavia happened on America, but didnt exert great influence in the world. Europe was poor;politically fragmentedbeset by local warscivil disorderlargely illiterate,b. By the end of 15th century, the modern European world was to be formed.the growth of trade and comme
4、rcethe rise of the middle classthe revolution of national statesthe reformation of the Christian churchthe development of representativegovernmentled to the discovery of the New World,2. background for exploring the unknown world,Reason: Venice had built a monopoly on the Mediterranean trade: othern
5、ations, England, France, Spain and Portugal wanted to break it and get their fair share of it-so they have to send outexplorer to seek other routes to the East. Conditions: 1) Improvement in navigation and naval architecture:better maps and chartsmaneuverable and stable shipscompass2) The great spir
6、it of adventure and enthusiasm swept over the people of Europe, which started by the Renaissance,3. Process of the voyages between 1488-1534,In 1488, Bratholomeu Diaz, sailing under the Portuguese flag, went to the Cape of Good Hope at the southern Africa; In 1492, Christopher Columbus, financed by
7、the king and queen of Spain, sailed west in search of East Asia and discovered the Islands of the Caribbean which he called West Indians. In 1499, Amerigo Vespucci, under the Spanish flag, sailed west and discovered the continent of South America. It was named after him, America. England send John C
8、abot, an Italian explorer, across the Atlantic in 1497 and in 1498 to explore the coast of North America. England rested its claims to the lands. In 1498, the Portuguese explorer, Vasco da Gama completed the work of Diaz and sailed around the southern tip of Africa and reached India. In 1519, Spain
9、send Ferdinane Magellan with five ships to sail around the world for the first time. In 1534, the French succeeded in planting their flags in the New World by the voyages of Jacques Cartie to Canada.,Colonization of the New World,the ownership of the New World the forming of the 13 colonies governme
10、ntal and social structures of the 13 colonies,1. the ownership of the New World,Portuguese , Spanish-overrun the vast land of what is now called Latin America English, French- settled the present day United States and Canada slowly, but cruelly English-Most of east coast, south of the St. Lawrence R
11、iver, north of Florida and strentching inland as far as the Appalachians in the west was in the hands of the British.,2. The forming of the 13 colonies,In April 1607, three ships with 104 English settlers arrived off the Virginia coast and built the first successful settlement called Jamestown. In 1
12、620, a tiny ship called “May Flower” sailed from England for the New World with 102 passengers. About half of them were pilgrims who were the first group of Puritans to settle in NorthAmerica.They landed to far Virginia, in what is now Massachusetts;They set up their own government agree to stick to
13、gether “May Flower Compact” ( beginning abide by majority role of the US democracy) have a right to choose their leader,3) The 13 colonies New England colonies: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut New Hampshire;Middle colonies: New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware, southern co
14、lonies: Virginia, North and South Carolinas, Georgia.,3) The 13 colonies different developing directionsthe New England-became a center for fishing and shipbuilding, and the successful merchants and prosperousship-builders laid the foundation for the later appearance of the American big bourgeoisie.
15、the middle colonies-became the most productive area for general farming. Wheat and potatoes were the major staple.the southern colonies-developed a plantation system, with the exploitation of slave labor. Tobacco wasthe main crop.,3. Governmental and social structures of the 13 colonies,The governme
16、ntal structureGovernmental structure eight of the colonies-royal coloniesthree colonies-under proprietors two colonies-under self-governingcharters. Two house legislative body the upper house (council)the lower house The social structure-like a pyramidthe top-merchants and landlordsthe base-refugees
17、 from Europe, black slaves from Africa,and native Indians,New England-Massachusetts, Rhode Island,New Hampshire, ConnecticutThe Middle-Pennsylvania, New YorkNew Jersey, DelawareThe southVirginia, MarylandNorth Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia,The Royal Colony-Massachusetts, New Hampshire,New York,
18、New JerseyVirginia, Georgia,North Carolinas,South Carolinas. The Proprietor Colony-Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland. The self-governor colony-Rhode Island, Connecticut,*the Thanksgiving Day,During the first iced winter in the dwelling place called Plymouth, the Pilgrims, the first settlers, suffered
19、 much hardship and about half of them died. When spring came, the Indians began to help them, showed how to hurt, fish and plant. The Pilgrims had a fine harvest of corn in fall. They were thankful. They made a feast and invited the Native Americans who had helped them. This was the first Thanksgiving in North America.,
