1、Grammar,Attributive Clauses 定语从句,考点揭密,在复合句中修饰名词、代词，并由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句称为定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词(词组成句子)称为先行词，初中教材着重介绍了关系代词that,which,who所引导的定语从句。,中考考点设置,1.定语从句为新教材着重要求掌握的内容，从2003年考题来看，全国均未作为重点考查项目，但定语从句的学习在阅读理解内容中出现频率较多。2.着重掌握引导词的选用，特别是一定的特定境况下只能用that,不能用which的情况：,Li Ming is a boy.,Li Ming is a good boy .,Li Min
2、g is a good boy .,形容词作定语,介词短语作定语,在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句作定语叫做定语从句。,good,with glasses,who is wearing glasses,句子作定语,定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was drunk.,定语从句在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kat
3、e. The man who was driving too fast was drunk.,关系代词如何引导定语从句普通代词与关系代词的区别I have a sister.She works in Shanghai. 代替 sister普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she)I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.关系代词： （如上例who/which）,1.代替先行词; 2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分; 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。 （把主句和从句连起来）,The building is our school. The buil
4、ding stands by the river.,关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。,The building which/that stands by the river is our school. 先行词 关系词 定语从句,which/that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building, 同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。,关系词判 断 步 骤 : 首先，要看先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系代词 可用 who,th
5、at,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系 代词可用which或that;,然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表,指代,所做成分,是否可省略,that,人；物,主语；宾语,作宾语可省,which,物,主语；宾语,作宾语可省,who,人,主语；宾语,作宾语可省,whom,人,宾语,可省,whose,人；物,定语,不可省,关系代词的用法,最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致. 注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。 The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句)The woman is my mothe
6、r.(叙述客观事实 用一般现在时) (从句)The woman (who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中yesterday表示过去时间),the tallthe strong the clever,boy,The boy is Tom.,The boy who is tall is Tom.,The boy who is strong is Tom,The boy who is clever is Tom, The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling., The boy is Tom. The boy has a r
7、ound face.,The boy who is smiling is Tom. (主语),The boy who has a round face is Tom., The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.,The boy who sits in front of me is Tom.,关系代词who, that作主语,1. Your friend came to see you yesterday.2. Your friend studies in Beijing University.,Your friend who/that studies in
8、 Beijing University came to see you yesterday.,关系代词whom, that 作宾语,1. He is the man.2.You have been waiting for the man.,He is the man (whom/that) you have been waiting for.,关系代词 which, that 作主语,1. It sounded like a train.2. A train was going under my house.,It sounded like a train which/ that was go
9、ing under my house.,关系代词which/ that 作宾语,1. The earth is a big ball.2. We live on the earth.,The earth (which/ that) we live on is a big ball.,关系代词,1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,The man( who) I talked with is our teacher.,A person who steals things is called a thief.,2.whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如 介词提前则不能省),The man
10、 (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.,The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li., The man is kind. Everyone likes him.,The man (who) everyone likes is kind. (宾语), The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.,The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job., The teacher will give us a talk. We met the te
11、acher yesterday.,The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.,4.which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾 语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),These are the trees which were planted last year.,The TV set (which) he bought yesterday is made in Japan.,Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?,Is this the library from which
12、 you borrow books?,apple,the redthe greenthe smallthe big,The apple which is red is mine.,The apple which is green is yours.,The apple which is red is small,The apple which is green is big.,1)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we a
13、re proud of .,2)The room (that) I live in is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big. The room where I live is very big.,注意: 固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:look after,look at ,关系代词与介词: 介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物, 用whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略),关系代词,3.whose 是代词的所有格形式,
14、它既可以代人也可以代物。,Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.,I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen .I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.,关系代词whose 作定语,1. Do you know the man?2. The mans watch is missing.,Do you know the man whose watch is missing?,它还可以同of which互换w
15、hose+n.= the n. +of which,1. Please pass me the book.2. The books cover is green.,Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.,Please pass me the book whose cover is green,1. Yesterday I met Mr Li_ told me the whole matter.2. This is the man_ daughter is in my class.3. The book _ they sent m
16、e is very good.,练一练,who/that,(which/that),whose,关系副词,关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样,在从句中代替先行词,在句中作状语。,where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点. when: 在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。,1.The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed at the hotel.,The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel (which) we stayed at
17、wasnt clean.,2.Ill never forget the day. I joined the League on that day. Ill never forget the day when I joined the League. Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League .,但要注意在以下6种情况下,指物时用that 不用which, who,1.先行词是all, any, everything, anything, nothing ,something, much, little, few, none ,t
18、he one 等时, There is much that should be used.,2.先行词被all, any , no, only, little, much, very, every, some, few, none 等修饰时, I have read all the books (that) you gave me. Every dictionary that our library bought is good.,练一练,1. You may take anything useful _ you want.2. This is the very book_ I m looki
19、ng for.3. This is the only thing _ we can do.4. We should do all _is useful to the people.,that,that,that,that,3. 当先行词前有形容词的最高级修饰时, This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.,4. 先行词前有序数词修饰时,包括 the last., The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. The Great Wall is the las
20、t place that Mr. Smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing.,5. 在以 which, who作主语的特殊疑问句中的定语从句中, Who is the man that is reading a book there? Which is the magazine that you borrowed from the reading room?,6.当先行词既有表示人又有表示物的词时, We talked of the things and persons that we remembered.,注: who、that在指人
21、可以通用，但下列宜用 who,不用that 先行词是anyone, someone, those时，关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. Is there anyone who wants to go there?,Exercise 1 :用关系代词填空,The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.I hate people _ talk much but
22、 do little.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.,who / that,(which/ that),who / that,(which / that),5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6. Is there a student _ father is a business man?7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people a
23、nd things _ you talked about just now.,whose,whose,which,that,当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.,Exercise 2.,My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.Say all _ you know.Is there anything _ I can do for you?,that,that,that,当先行词是something, anything, nothing, al
24、l 等词时，关系代词只能用that.,4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5. This is the best novel _ I have read.,that,that,当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.,6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.,当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.,tha
25、t,that,1.The person _ you should write to is Mr Ball .2. The teacher from _ I learnt most was Mrs Zhu .3. The runner _ you are asking about is over there .4 .The girl _ you are looking for is in the classroom .5. The meeting _ we shall take part in will be held in a hotel .6. The factory _ I worked
26、in for over two years has been closed . 7. The airport _ is 30 kilometres away is the only one in the city 8. The person _ won the race was a woman from Sichuan .,(who/whom/that),whom,(who/whom/that),(who/whom/that),(that/which),(that/which),that/which,who/that,3. She heard a terrible noise,_ brough
27、t her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 4. Have you found the woman_ purse was lost? A. her B. of which C. that D. whose,5. Mr. Smith is the only one of those foreigners who_ in China. A. work B. is working C. are working D. had working 6. All _can be done has been done. A. Which
28、B. that C. what D. who,7. When he came back from abroad, John told his parents about the cities and the people _ he had visited. A. who B. which C. where D. that8. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone_ family was poor. A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose,Match the two sentences1.Im reading a
29、 book. The book is about Bill Gates. _2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man. He is smoking._4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week._,Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.,He is a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese.,I dont like the man who/th
30、at is smoking.,Where is the picture (that/which) you bought last week?,由Who 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语 宾语,1、Do you know the man _ is talking with your father? A. whom B. who C. which2、The boys _ the teacher talked to are from Class One. A. when B. which C. who3、Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the sc
31、hool gate at 7 tomorrow morning. A. who B. which C. whom,4. The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom5. The doctor _ you are looking for is in the room. A. whom B. what C. which6. The teacher for _ you are waiting has come. A. who B. whom C. that,由Whom
32、引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语,7、He prefers to eat the rice _ in the south. A. who is grown B. which is grown C. that is grown8、 The knife _ I cut the apple with cant be found. A. which B. who C. what 9、The room in _ there are many books is mine. A. that B. who C. which10、This is the pen _ he bought yesterday. A. w
33、hich B. who C. that,由Which 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语 宾语,11. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. that B. which C. who12. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that13. Jim was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _，o
34、f course, made the others unhappy. A. which B. who C. what,由Which 引导的非限定性定语从句（不能用that）,14. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan. A. which B. his C. whose 15. This book is for the students _ native(本国的) language is not English. A.that B.of whom C.whose 16. The boy _ composition won the firs
35、t prize is the youngest in the group. A. who B. whose C. that,由Whose 引导的定语从句, 在句中做定语,26. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then. A. who B. that C. which,先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导,The necklace _ you gave me for my birthday is good. A.who B.where C.which D.what ,典型例题解析,C,Polly
36、 was the thief _stole Mums necklace. A.who B.where C.which D.what,A,The one _ he gave me is black. A.who B.that C.which D.what,B,This is the most interesting story I have heard of. A.which B.that C.who D.what,The one _ one a thousand dollars turned out to be false. A.which cost B.which spend C.that
37、cost D.that spend,典型例题解析,C,This is the first article he has written in English. A.which B.that C.who D.what ,B,B,.单项选择1.There is nothing _ I can do.A.that B.whichC.who D.what2.Do you know the man _ is wearing glasses?A.who B.whichC.what D.where3.The boy _ is playing football is my brother.A.which B.
38、whoC.what D.where4.Ill never forget the day _ I first met her.A.what B.who C.which D.when5.I cant find the book _ my mother bought me.A.who B.when C.which D.what,(A),(A),(B),(D),(C),6.The film _I saw yesterday was very interesting.A.who B.whenC.what D.that7.This is the pan _ I heat the milk.A.which
39、B.whereC.with which D.in which8.Is there anything _ I can help you?A.that B.whichC.who D.what9.All _ is needed is a few hands to help with the work.A.what B.thatC.which D.things10.Is this the factory _you wish to visit?A.that B.whereC.when D.what,(D),(D),(A),(B),(A),11.Im reading a book _ is written
40、 by Luxun.A.which B.whoC.what D.when12.I like the teacher _ gave us a talk last week.A.who B.whichC.when D.where13.This is one of the beautiful mountains _ I have seen before.A.which B.whoC.what D.that14.After 20 years he went back to the city _ he used to live.A.where B.whenC.what D.that15.Mr Green
41、 is only one of those foreigners _are working in China.A.that B.whichC.whom D.whose,(A),(A),(D),(A),(A),16.My necklace is not the only thing _is missing. A.which B.thatC.what D.where17.I hate people _ talked much but do_ A.who，few B.that，few C.which，little D.who，little18.Ill shoot anyone _ moves. A.which B.whenC.where D.who19.I dont know the reason _he was late this morning. A.what B.whenC.why D.who20.We are looking for a thief _ parrots and necklaces. A.who like stealingB.who likes stealing C.that like to steal D.which likes to steal,
