1、 Coal, petroleum and natural gas now yield their bond energies to man. 煤，石油和天然气现在为人类提供 各种各样 的结合能。 Salts may also be found by the replacement of hydrogen from an acid with a metal. 盐也能通过用金属置换酸中的氢而获得。 An acid was once defined as a substance that would form hydrogen ions(H+) in water solution and a bas
2、e as one that would form hydroxide ions(OH-) in the same. 人们曾把酸定义为在水溶液中能产生氢离子的物质，而碱则是在同样溶液中会产生氢氧根离子的物质。 These books are packed in tens. 这些书每十本装一包。 These products are counted by hundreds. 这些产品是成百成百计数的。 They went out by twos and threes. 他们三三两两地出去了。 They consulted tens of magazines. 他们查阅了几十本杂志。 Automat
3、ion helps to increase productivity hundreds of times over. 自动化使生产率提高了几百倍。 More weight must be placed on the past history of patients. 必须更加重视患者的病史。 The continuous process can be conducted at any prevailing pressure without release to atmospheric pressure. 连续过程能在 任何常用的压力 下进行，而不必 暴露在 大气中。 The two pairs
4、 of electrons of oxygen may be shared with two separate carbons forming only single bond. 氧可分别与两个 不直接相连的 碳共用两对电子形成两个单键。 Heats given by the boiler comes to the exchanger through pipe line.锅炉产生的热量经由管路 送到 换热器。 In general, the design procedure is not straight forward and will require trial and error. 一般
5、说来，设计不是 一帆风顺 的，需要反复试验。 Steel and cast iron also differ in carbon. 钢和铸铁的 含碳量 也不相同。 The return of the light into the same medium in which it has been travelling is reflection.光线返回 原来 传播的介质就是反射。 In the reaction both the acid and the base are neutralized forming water and salt.反应中，酸与碱 彼此 中和而生成水和盐。 Ameri
6、cans every year swallow 15000 tons of aspirin, one of the safest and most effective drugs invented by man. 阿司匹林是人类发明的最安全，最有效的药物，美国每年要消耗 15000 吨。 Alloys belongs to a half-way house between mixture and compounds. 合金是介于混合物和化合物之间的一种 中间结构 。 Industrialization and environmental degradation seem to go hand
7、in hand. 工业化发展似乎 伴随着 环境的退化。 Super conductivity technology is now in its infancy.超导体技术正处于发展的 初级阶段 。 A gas distributed itself uniformly through a container. 气体均匀地分布在这个器皿中。 Liquids are like solids in that they have definite volume. 液体象固体一样，都有一定的体积。 When the solution in the tank has reached the desired
8、temperature, it is discharged.当罐内溶液达到所要求的温度时，就卸料。 When short waves are sent out and meet an obstacle, they are reflected.短波发射出 后，遇到障碍就反射回来。 Friction always opposes the motion whatever its direction may be.不管运动方向怎样，摩擦总是同运动方向相反。 Then， came the development of the microcomputer. 后来，微型计算机发展起来了。 Evidently
9、， semiconductors have a less conducting capacity than metal.显然，半导体的导电能力比金属差。 Evaporation sometimes produces a slurry of crystals in a saturated mother liquor. 有时蒸发 能 在饱和的母液内 产生 结晶淤浆。 The presence of an acid stronger than nitric acid accelerates the heterolysis into NO2+ and OH-. 比硝酸更强的酸的存在 可以加速 生成 N
10、O2+ and OH-的异种分解。 Tbe publication of Chemisches Zentralblatt was stopped during World War II, and the blanks were later filled. 德国化学文摘 /总览在第二次世界大战期间 曾停刊过 ，不过随后又 填补了以前 的空白。 Gasoline would have been difficult to supply in the quantities required if it had not been for improvements in refining methods
11、and the introduction of cracking 假如 当时 没有对炼油方法作出改讲并引入裂解法，那么汽油供应量 早就 难以满足需要了。 Even before the Second Five-year plane, China was already producing all kinds of lathes, machines, apparatus and instruments 甚至在第二个五年计划之前，中国就已经 在生产着 各种车床、机器、仪器和设备。 The carbon had lost electrons and the oxygen has gained ele
12、ctrons in the change 在变化中，碳 失去了 电子，而氧 获得了 电子。 It was reported that scientist had worked at the problem of storing the suns heat for many years. 据报道，对于贮藏太阳能的问题，科学工作者 曾经进行过多年 的研究。 The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy through a generator. 发电机可以 把 机械能再转变为电能。 The project is th
13、e largest public works program undertaken by a state in the history of the United States. 这是美国历史上由一个州 单独 承担的最大的一项公共工程 Evaporation differs from crystallization in that emphasis is placed on concentrating a solution rather than forming and building crystals. 蒸发和结晶不同， 因为 蒸发着重于将溶液浓缩而不是生成和析出结晶。 The hydro
14、carbons are all lighter than water， and， being almost completely insoluble, float on it. 这些烃都比水轻，再 由于 它们几乎完全不溶于水，所以 就 浮在水面上； Total determination of molecular is possible by means of X-ray diffraction 用 x 射线衍射的方法可以全面地 确定 分子结构。（谓语部分省译， total 转译为副词，另增译 结构 ） Such operations require the transfer of a sub
15、stance from the gas stream to the liquid. 这样的一些操作要求物质由气流 传递 到液体中去。 He was a good calculator， so we considered the answer correct.他 计算 很好，因此，我们认为这个答案是正确的。 I suggested the supports should be located every five meters. He was my good supporters. 我建议每隔五米设一个支架，他很 支持 我的建议。 But even this illustration does
16、not give a picture of the importance of friction.但是，甚至这些例子并未 描绘 出摩擦的重要性。 Laser is one of the most sensational developments in recent years, because of its applicability to many fields of science and its adaptability to practical uses.激光是近年来轰动一时的科技成就之一，因为它 可用于 各种科学领域，也 适合 各种实际用途。 He found some diffic
17、ulties to desigh a chemical plant without an electronic computer. 他感到没有电子计算机要设计一座化工厂是很困难的。 Efforts to apply computer techniques have been a success in improving pyrolysis techniques 使用计算机技术的努力已经 成功地 促进了热解技术的发展。 The output voltages of the control system varied in a wide range. (v.adj. 这台控制系统的输出电压 变化范
18、围 很宽。 As you know that also present in solid are numbers of free electrons.正如我们所知，固体中也 存在着 大量的自由电子。 Figure 5 shows the rising power consumption at increasing clock frequencies.图 5表明，时钟频率 增高 时，功耗便 升高 。 He is quite familiar with the performance of this transmitter. 他非常 熟悉 这台发报机的性能。 The continuous proc
19、ess can ordinarily be handled in the less spaces. 连续过程通常能 节省 操作空间。 There is a large amount of energy wasted owing to friction. 由于摩擦而 消耗 了大量的能量。 There was a large amount of output power wasted due to leakage. 由于漏电而 损耗 了大量的输出功率。 Below 4 ,water is in continuous expansion instead of continuous contracti
20、on.水在 4 以下 不断地 膨胀，而不是 不断地 收缩。 In assembling color TV sets, they made full use of home-made components.在装配彩色电视机时，他们 充分 利用了国产元件。 But even this illustration does not give an adequate picture of the importance of friction. 但是，甚至这个例子还没有 充分 地描绘出摩擦的重要性。 The communications system is chiefly characterized by
21、 its ease with which it can be maintained.这种通讯装置的 主要 特点是便于维修。 Oxygen is one of the important element in the physical world, it is very active chemically. 氧是物质世界的重要元素之一，它的 化学性质 很活泼。 The reaction force to this action force pushes the rocket ship along. 这个作用力所产生的反作用力推动宇宙飞船 前进 。 It is because the boundi
22、ng properties of one pair of electrons in the double bond are not fully satisfied. 这是由于双键上的一对电子不具有充分饱和的键合性质。 Water can be shown as containing admixtures. 可以证明 水 含有杂质。（主语宾语） Use is made of this important property of carbon.人们 利用 碳的这种重要 性质。（主语谓语） Organic compounds are not soluble in water because ther
23、e is no tendency for water to separate their molecules into ions. 有机化合物不溶于水，因为水没有将它们的分子离解为离子的 倾向 。（主语宾语） There are two types of heat treatment applicable to aluminum alloys.对铝合金采用了两种不同的热处理方法 .主宾 The following definitions apply to the terms used in this specification.本说明 书 所用的一些术语 定义 如下 .(主语谓语 Evapor
24、ation emphasis is placed on concentrating a solution rather than forming and building crystals. 蒸发 着重于 将溶液浓缩，而不是生成和析出晶体。（主语谓语） Matter is anything having weight and occupying space. 凡具有重量和占有空间的东西 都是物质 。 Methane is less than half as heavy as water. 甲烷的 重量不到水的一半。（主语定语） Sodium is very active chemically.
25、 钠 的化学活性很高。（主语定语） An atom of oxygen weights 16 times as much as an atom of hydrogen. 一个氧原子的 质量是一个氢原子质量的 16 倍 ：主 定 When a cooper plate is put into the sulfuric acid electrolyte, very few of its atoms dissolve. 当将铜板片置于硫酸电解液中时， 几乎没有 铜原子溶解。（主语状语） The past few decades have been characterized by a prodigi
26、ous expansion of the organic chemical industry. 过去数十年 的特征 是有机化学工业得到了惊人的发展。 (谓语主语 ) The melting point of alkanes are rather irregular at first, but tend to rise somewhat steadily as the molecules become larger. 烷烃的熔点起初很不规则，但随着分子的增大则有些稳步上升的 趋势 。 (谓语宾语 ) TNT has high explosive power. TNT 的 爆炸力 很大。（宾语主语
27、） It is asumed that there is little if any leakage through the condensers.可以设想， 电容器 即使漏电，也是很少的。宾主 Light makes vision possible. 有了光，才能 看见 东西。（宾语谓语） Matters is anything that occupies space. 凡占有空间的都是物质。 In this sense structure analysis is common to most organic research. 从这个意义上讲，结构分析 普遍应用于 大多数的有机研究。 Th
28、e formula for kinetic energy is applicable to any object that is moving.动能公式 适用于 任何运动的物体。 In their laboratory, few instruments are valuable. 在他们实验室里， 贵重的 仪器是不多的。 There are two groups of metals: pure metals and their alloys.金属 有两大类：纯金属及其合金。 （定语 主语） Many factors enter into equipment reliability.涉及设备可靠
29、性的因素 很多 。 （定语 谓语） Automatic machines having many advantages can only do the jobs they have been “told” to do. 自动化机器 虽然有很多优点 ，但它们只能干人们“吩咐”它们要干的事。（定语状语从句 ） Benzene can undergo the typical substitution reactions of halogenation, nitration, sulphonation and Friedel-Crafts reaction. 苯可以进行典型的取代反应， 如卤化、硝化、
30、磺化和傅氏反应 。（定语同位语 ） When oxides of nitrogen are absorbed in water to give nitric acid, a chemical reaction occurs. 当 水 吸收氮氧化物形成硝酸时，就发生了化学反应。（状语 主语） The melting point is different for different kinds of metals.不同的金属 有不同的熔点。 The attractive force between the molecules is negligibly small.分子间的吸引力小得 可以忽略不计
31、 。 The number of molecules in any object we can see is unimaginably large. 任何我们能看到的物体所具有的分子数都 大得不可思议 。 The particles move faster in the place where the body is being heated.生物体受热的地方，粒子运动 得较快 。 A six-carbon ring structure in the form of a hexagon with alternate single and double bond was assigned to
32、benzene. 苯被指定为单键和双键交替的由六个碳组成的六角形的环形结构。 The commonly employed forms of energy are kinetic energy and heat energy.动能和热能 是通常使用的能的形式。 Non-conductors are rubber and glass.橡胶和玻璃 是非导体。 The alternate double bond arrangement in the six-carbon ring is aromatics characteristic. 芳香烃的特点 是六个碳原子组成的环上双键交替排列。 People
33、 regarded the sun as the chief source of heat and light.人们把 太阳 视为主要的热源和光源。 We can transform water into two gases by passing an electric current through it. 让电流 通入水中，我们就能 把水 变为两种气体。 By compressing and cooling the mixture, you can separate one gas from the other by changing it to a liquid. 将该混合物 压缩、冷却
34、， 使其中一种气体 变为液体，就能 把它 与另一种气体分开。 The figure shows the readers the relative action of reciprocating between the work and the tool. 这个图给读者显示了工件和刀具之间往复的 相对运动 。 X-ray will show the doctor clearly how the lung suffers.X 射线会清楚地把肺部损害的程度显示给医生。 Two factors, force and distance, are included in the units of work
35、.力和距离 这两个因素都包括在功的单位内。（变序） the branch of science , artificial intelligence, is developing rapidly.人工智能 这门科学正在迅速地发展。 We are all familiar with the fact that nothing in nature will either start or stop moving of itself. 我们都熟知这样一个事实，即： 自然界中没有一件东西会自行开始或停止运动。 The energy of steam comes from the heat produce
36、d by burning coal.蒸气能来自 燃烧煤所产生的 热量。 Generally speaking, the fuel available is coal. 一般说来， 可用的 燃料是煤。 Engine revolution should not exceed the maximum permissible. 发动机的转数不应超过 所允许的 最大值。 Being alloyed with certain metals, aluminum can be strengthened. 铝 和某些金属熔合后 ，强度会增大。 （变序，状语译在主语之后） Many industrial oper
37、ation can be carried out in either of two ways which may be called batch and continuous operations. 许多工业操作可用作 间歇操作或连续操作 来完成。 （变序，状语译在谓语之前） Chemisches zentralblatt is particularly valuable for its inclusiveness of the East European and Russian literature. 德国化学文摘 也包括东欧和俄罗斯的文献 ，就这一点来说是特别有价值的。 The atomi
38、c theory was not accepted until the last century.原字学说直到上个世纪才 为 人们 所 接受。（或： 才被接受 ） Other evaporation materials and processes will be discussed briefly.其它一些蒸发材料和蒸发过程将简单地 加以 讨论 Purified hydrogen is passed over a liquid metal halide.让 纯化氢气通过液态金属卤化物。 Considerable use is made of these data. 这些资料 得到 充分的利用。
39、 The electromagnetic disturbances are caused by lighting discharges.电磁干扰是由雷电放电引起的。 Now headings, sub-headings and tables of contents in English are provided. 现在 提供英文的（主）标题，副标题和目录表 。 The resistance can be determined provided that the voltage and current are known.只要知道电压和电流，就 能确定电阻 。 Much greater magn
40、ification can be obtained with the electron microscope.使用电子显微镜， 能获得更大的放大倍数 。 The metal, iron in particular, is known to be an important material in engineering. 大家知道 ，金属，特别是铁，是工程方面的重要材料。 If one or more electrons are removed, the atom is said to be positively charged. 如果原子失去了一个或多个电子， 我们就说 这个原子带正电荷。 P
41、otassium and sodium are seldom met in their natural state.我们很少见到 自然状态的钾和钠。 Even when the pressure stays the same, great changes in air density are caused by changes in temperature. 即使压力不变， 气温的变化 也能引起空气密度的巨大变化。 Large quantities of lasers are used by optic communication in the generation of light emmi
42、tting. 光通信 利用大量激光器来产生光发射。 Borax was added to beeswax to enhance its emulsifying power.将硼砂 加到蜂蜡中以增加蜂蜡的乳化力。 The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy through a generator.发电机可以 把机械能 再转变为电能。 Batch operations are frequently found in experimental and pilot-plant operations.间歇操作 常见于
43、实验室操作及中试操作。 The kinds of activities which engage the organic chemist may be grouped in the following way. 有机化学工作者所从事的活动可以按照下列方法 归类 。 Attention should be paid to the study of proteins. 应该注意 蛋白质的研究。 Stress must be laid on the development of the electronics industry. 必须强调 电子工业的发展。 The integrated circui
44、t finds wide application in electrical engineering.集成电路在电气工程方面 得到了 广泛的应用。 A single piece of silicon is hardly big enough to pick up. 单个的硅芯片小得捡不起来。 We learn that sodium or any of its compounds produces a spectrum having a bright yellow double line by noticing that there is no such line in the spectru
45、m of light when sodium is not present， but that if the smallest quantity of sodium be thrown into the flame or other sources of light, the bright yellow line instantly appears 译文：我们注意到，如果把非常少量的钠投入到火焰或其它光源中时，立即出现一条亮黄色的双线，当钠不存在时，光谱中就没有这样的双线。由此我们知道钠或钠的任何化合物所产生的光谱都带有一条亮黄色的双线。 Normally, in evaporation th
46、e thick liquor is the valuable product and the vapor is condensed and discarded. Mineral-bearing water is often evaporated to give a solid-free product for boiler feed, for special process requirements, or for human consumption. This technique is often called water distillation, but technically it i
47、s evaporation. In one specific situation, however, the reverse is true. 译文：通常情况下，蒸发时，粘稠液是有价值的产物，而蒸汽冷凝下来并被扔掉。 但是在某一特定的情况时，恰恰相反 。含有矿物质的水常被蒸发以获得不含固体的产物，以供锅炉加水用，供特殊过程的需用或供人类使用。此项技术通常称为水的蒸馏，而在技术上却是蒸发。 Aluminium remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owi
48、ng to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity. 由于铝总是和其他元素结合，最常见的是和有很强的亲和力的氧结合，因而在自然界任何地方都找不到处于游离状态的铝，所以，直到十九世纪，人们才知道有铝。 The diode consists of a tungsten filament, which gives off electrons when it is heated, and a plate toward whic
49、h the electrons migrate when the field is in the right direction. 译文：二极管由一根钨丝和一块极板组成：钨丝受热时便放出电子，当电场方向为正时，这些电子便向极板移动。 Our object is to draw attention to those areas responsible for the quantum jump in sophistication, improved cosmetic attributes and safety of todays products. 译文：我们的目的是提请人们注意那些使下列方面发生
