1、,Repeated Interactions vs Social Ties Quantifying the Economic Value of Trust Forgiveness and Reputation Using a Field Experiment重复互动与社交纽带：使用实地实验量化信任、原谅和声誉的经济价值,管理科学与工程,钟方源 ,“The best way to find out if you can trust somebody is to trust them.” Ernest Hemingway,Information of JCP,Information of auth
2、ors-1,Ravi Bapna（明尼苏达大学，教授）,Information of authors-2,Liangfei Qiu（佛罗里达大学，助理教授）,Motivations for this issue,1、Granovetter (1985) offers two explanations:1) “Individuals with whom one has a continuing relation have an economic motivation to be trustworthy, so as not to discourage future transactions” a
3、nd 2) “Departing from pure economic motives, continuing economic relations often become overlaid with social content that carriesstrong expectations of trust and abstention from opportunism.”2、The growing importance of the online social graph provides fertile ground for researchers seeking to gain a
4、 deeper understanding of fundamental constructs of human behavior, such as trust, forgiveness, and their linkage to social ties. 3、1）how trust or cooperation can be enhanced by the strength of social ties?2) Are people more willing to forgive “bad” behaviors when they are network friends?3) Does exp
5、ressing forgiveness discourage future malfeasance (offenses) in the presence of social ties?,Scientific problem,This paper uses the method of field experiment, the experimental object for Facebook users. The investment game begins with two players randomly chosen to be either a sender or receiver. I
6、f the player is a sender, he will receive 10 tokens (10 tokens = $1) from the experimenter and will then be asked to decide how many tokens he wants to send to the other player (the receiver). If she is a receiver she will get a message telling her how much the sender has sent her. The sender may se
7、ndany amount between 0 and 10. The amount sent to the receiver is then tripled by the experimenter;After the receiver gets the tripled amount, she may send a portion back to the sender. The individual payoffs per round are as follows:,Scientific problem,Corresponding to each of research questions, i
8、mplement four experimental treatments which involve manipulating the social “connectedness” of players：1）One period games between anonymous pairings (hereafter referred to as the AnonONE treatment), 2）one period investment games between socially connected individuals known as “Facebook friends” (her
9、eafter referred to as the SocialONE treatment), 3）multi-period games between individuals who are otherwise anonymous (hereafter referred to as the AnonRP treatment), 4）and multi-period games between Facebook friends (hereafter referred to as the SocialRP treatment).,Contributions,1、contribute to rel
10、ated literature by parsing out two types of networks, a social network with varying the level of subject interaction over time versus a more market based network, to determine how these two types of networks relate to each other with respect to trust and forgiveness in an economic context. 2、uncover
11、 that the expression of forgiveness is a key mechanism that links social interactions to a higher level of trust. 3、test the presence of forgiveness as a self-correcting mechanism in the presence of social ties.,Process of research on this topic,1、Experimental Design2、Empirical Framework3、Experiment
12、al Results4、Implications and Conclusions,Conclusions,（1）We find that the mean amount sent under SocialONE,SocialRP, or AnonRP is significantly larger than the mean under AnonONE. It shows that social ties and repeated play matter in building trust.,Conclusions,（2）For trust：We find significant positi
13、ve effects of wall-post made on afriends wall and tagged photos on the level of trust.,Conclusions,（3）For forgiveness：The implication is that in contrast with anonymous participants, people are more willing to forgive their friends defections. In other words, the level of forgiveness is higher in th
14、e presence of social ties. Sender is more likely to betray in the AnonRP. Because a receiver is willing to forgive a senders “bad” behavior or defection. The sender has the illusion that they wont bear any consequences. Thus, forgiving friends mistakes can reduce their mistakes in the future, but fo
15、rgiving strangers mistakes can connive at mistakes.,Critical thinking and my focus,1、Method of data mining can be used to replace the field experiment.2、Although the thesis involves game theory, there is no game theory modeling.3、The range of application can be extended to online trading.,UNIFYING T
16、HE ROLE OF IT IN HYPERTURBULENCE AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE VIA A MULTILEVEL PERSPECTIVE OF IS STRATEGY通过IS策略的多层次视角统一IT在动荡和竞争优势中的角色,Information of JCP,Information of authors,Ning Nan,Motivations for this issue,The promise and challenge of IT taken together suggest the existence of nonlinear causality
17、 between firm-level IT-based strategic actions and IT-induced hyperturbulence in the collective-level environment.Research calls unveil a new research horizon:the need to explicate the cross-level nonlinear causality between individual firms and a collective of interacting firms,because phenomena at
18、 the collective level, such as IT-induced hyperturbulence, are enacted by but not reducible to individual firm strategy.Although IT has become a new source of sustainable competitive advantage for enterprises, it has also created a environment that can weaken sustainable competitive advantage.,Contr
19、ibutions,1、Develop a multilevel perspective of IS strategy for theorizing this causality, and unifying novel with established research. 2、Using literature-based theorization and agent-based modeling, we establish two bottom-up nonlinear causal paths by which IT drives hyperturbulence. 3、This multile
20、vel theorization paves the way for new,IS-specific theory regarding ITs unique role in inducing nonlinear dynamics and in affording new business strategies in todays competitive environments.,Research process,1、Literature Review as the Foundation for Definitions and Research Boundary2、Turbulent Envi
21、ronments: Collective-Level IS Strategy Research3、From IT to Competitive Advantage: Firm-Level IS Strategy Research4、Summary of Literature Review5、Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) Theory as the Overarching Framework,Conclusions and future directions,1、As emerging technologies such as the Internet of Th
22、ings and artificial intelligence further enhance firm interactions and the generativity of strategies, hyperturbulence is likely to be a long-term challenge to business success. 2、The multilevel perspective of IS strategy offered here provides a bridge for researchers to integrate traditional theory
23、 on firm-centric IS strategy into a new generation of strategy insights, so that practitioners can harness IT advances as a fundamental driver of business success.,Critical thinking and my focus,1、In this paper, writter posit that these contradictions might be due to cross-level nonlinear causality between firmlevel IT-based strategic actions and collective-level IT-induced hyperturbulence.2、It ignores other possible drivers of hyperturbulence,such as lowered barriers to global markets, demand fluctuations,and business model innovation.,请老师及同门批评指正！,
