1、,静态与动态Static vs. Dynamic,English is static because of itsnoun predominance.A study of that letter leaves us in no doubt as to motives behind it.Chinese is dynamic owing to itsverb predominance 研究一下那封信，就使我们毫不怀疑该信是别有用心的。,Preposition,Noun predominance results in a great deal of use of prepositions in E
2、nglish. The American ambassador to China expressed his hope of further improving the bilateral relations. His overdependence on his parents made him unable to adapt himself to the new life.,The discussion is under way. He is at his books. The machine is in operation. I know him quite well, for we ar
3、e in the same office. At this time of the day, children are all at school.,1. be + prepositional phrase ( prep. + n.),be + prep. phr. (expressing comparison),迈克的化学比班上其他同学好得多。Michael is rather above the rest of the class in chemistry.这部小说我读不懂。The novel is above me. 要论音乐鉴赏力，苏珊比不上艾玛。Susan is below Emma
4、 in music comprehension.,It is beneath my dignity to do such a thing. 做这样的事有损我的尊严。It is beyond his power to sign the contract on behalf of his company. 他无权代表公司签合同。 The rude remarks of such an ill-mannered person are beneath my notice. 对这样一个毫无教养的人口中之言，不值一理。,2. Prepositional phrases used as attributiv
5、es,他是个脱离了低级趣味的人。He is a man above vulgar interests.他有人给他撑腰。He has someone behind him.我在读莎士比亚写的剧本。I am reading a play by Shakespeare.这个民有、民治、民享的政府将永存于世。The government of the people, by the people and for the people shall not perish from the earth.,他拿着枪，绕着屋子走。 He walked around the house with a gun. 穿过
6、森林，他们找到了那个小村庄。 Through the forest, they found the small village. 说完这些话，他出去了。 With these words, he went out. 他们立刻出动去追击敌人。 They immediately set out in pursuit of the enemy.,3. Prepositional phrases used as adverbial,He grasped John by the collar. 他一把抓住约翰的衣领。 They praised the boy for his bravery. 他们赞扬那
7、男孩的勇敢精神。,Prepositional phrases used as purposes or directions,他邀请我去他家吃午饭。He invited me to his house for lunch.我们热烈欢迎你们参加这次研讨会。We warmly welcome you to the seminar.读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。Studies serve for delight, for ornament and forability.,5.Fixed prepositional phrases,1) be + fixed prepositional phrase
8、s = predicate v. Dorothys clothes are always in good taste. 多罗西的穿着总是很有品位。 The bill for the drink is on me. 酒账由我来付。 Mother is on the phone with father. 母亲在和父亲通话。 She is at the sewing machine. 她在缝纫。,2）Prepositional phrases used as connectives e.g. in case of 万一 for fear of 以免 in contrast with 与 不同 in
9、search of 寻求 with regard to 关于 on account of 由于 in spite of 尽管,On account of John, I decided to refuse the job.Professor Green did not travel by air for fear of having a heart attack.Dial 119 in case of fire.In contrast with his brother, he is always considerate in his treatment of others.In spite o
10、f the heavy rain, they went on working.,6. prep. phr. with/without + n. + doing/done adverbial. He remained silent with his head down and hands in his pockets. With a rifle across his shoulder, the boy was playing the soldier.,She ran back to the kitchen, with eggs held carefully in her hands.The su
11、permarket is very crowded onSundays, with people going in and out.Without any food left in the refrigerator, she went shopping after work. He went to sleep with his light on.,prep. used after n. & adj.,She had no intention of visiting her native land. 她没有回乡省亲的打算。This product is in full conformity wi
12、th our standard. 这个产品完全符合我们的要求。The music was expressive of the composers grief. 音乐表达了作曲家的哀伤。The old lady was sympathetic with the poor boy. 老太太很同情那可怜的孩子。,Exercises,吃过晚饭玛丽喜欢带孩子上街去走走。 Mary would like to take her child to the street for a walk after supper.委员会成员完全赞成这项新提议。The whole committee are complet
13、ely for the new proposal.邦德身着晚宴外套，开着玩笑，成了一名超级英雄。Bond became a joky superhero in a dinner jacket.一到城里他就给舅舅打了个电话。 On reaching the city he called up his uncle.,That failure gave me a heavy blow and I was at a loss about my future in the following days.那次失败使我受到很大打击，在接下来的一段时间里， 我对自己的前途感到很迷茫。 Party offici
14、als worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.党的干部吃着粗茶淡饭，住着冰冷的窑洞，点着昏暗的油灯，长时间地工作着。On behalf of the organizing committee, I sincerely invite you to the conference on Western literature as an honored guest.我代表组委会诚挚邀请您作为嘉宾参加有关西方文学的这次会议。,Revision,be above reproachmake sth. after a mod
15、elagainst the lawto work against timeagainst reasonagainst a rainy dayagainst the blue skyat a stretchto enter at the front door,无可指责按照一个式样做违法争分夺秒地干不讲理未雨绸缪，防未然在蓝天的映衬下不停地从前门进入,to lend money at interestat pains to do itto come before timeto die before yieldingideas behind the timesto do sth. behind on
16、es backbelow contemptbelow the markthe real reason below a mass of pretextsbeneath notice,放债牟利苦心经营提前来宁死不屈不合时代潮流的思想背着某人干及其可鄙不够格许多借口掩饰下的真情实况不重要,beside the pointbeside the questionbeside oneselfto read between the linesbetween the cup and lipbetween two firesbeyond disputesomething beyond a jokeby natu
17、reby trade/ professionby the look of it,没有针对性离题忘形体会隐含意义功败垂成之际腹背受敌无可争议不是开玩笑的事本性上按职业来说从表面上看,for no rhyme or reasonto change for the bettertoo silly for wordsto take him for a gentlemanfor all I knowto go from door to doorto tell from my experience in ones true colorsto write in pencilin debtin the ope
18、n,没有理由有起色傻得无法形容把他当正人君子就我所知挨家挨户根据我的经验露出原形用铅笔写欠债公开地,love in tearsin between housekeeping and workingto work into the nightto grow into a mancareless of park ordinancesof ones own free willan island off the coastto get far off the pointa cop off dutyoff the beaten track,泪花中的爱工作和操持家务之余工作到深夜长大成人无视公园的规则出自
19、某人的意愿离岸不远的岛屿离题十万八千里不当班的警察脱出常轨,a ring on her fingerto walk on tiptoemusic on the radioover ageto talk over teacontentious over little thingsto my likinga shop under repaircops under armsunder threat of deathunder water,她手指上带着的戒指踮着脚尖走广播里的音乐超龄边喝茶边谈话为小事而争吵 符合我的喜爱修缮中的商店佩带武器的警察受到死亡威胁遭受洪水,with his approval
20、with a good gracewith this (these words)within callkeep within doorswithin ones powerwithin limitswithin reach （ of ）without ceremonywithout end,得到他赞同有礼貌地说完这话一叫就能听得见的距离闭门不出在的职权范围内在的限度内能达到，在附近不拘礼节没完没了,Adjective,In English, besides nouns and prepositions, adjectives together with the verb “be” are use
21、d as predicate. e.g. I am doubtful whether he is still alive. (doubt, live)The doctor felt sympathetic with his patients. ( sympathize),1. be + adj. (perceptions, feelings, desires, opinions, etc),be afraid be sure/certain be familiar be grateful be angry be doubtful be sorry be aware be surprised b
22、e tired be ashamed be discouragedMany employees are anxious to learn anotherforeign language for a higher pay.许多员工渴望再学一门外语以获得更高的薪水。,He was truly sorry for his past and had promised to give up PC games.You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying.In his article the author is critical of m
23、ans negligence towards his environment.They were suspicious and resentful of him.,2. be + v+ed/v+ing + (prep.),His parents were discouraged at his results of the exam.I am tired of getting up in cold winter.What he said on that occasion was really embarrassing.The journey was exhausting even to the
24、strongest of us.,be + v+ed + prep. The scenic spot is located at the foot of a mountain. He is encountered with many difficulties in his work.I am determined to do what I like to in spite of what they may say.He was totally absorbed in his experiment.,3. Adjectives deriving from their verbs,cooperat
25、e cooperative thank thankfullive alive forget forgetful unforgettableOur travel plan is dependent on the weather.（depend on)我们出行计划取决于天气。A solar cell is reproductive by itself under any circumstances.( can be reproduced) 太阳能电池在任何情况下都能自行发电。,His offer was indicative of his wish to enter our university.
26、His words were suggestive of his determination to finish the tough job on schedule.She is very pushy with strangers.Tolerant and loving, she is very popular among friends and colleagues.,Adjectives formed by adding able/ible to verbs,Water is incompatible with fire.水火不相容。Mushrooms with vivid colors
27、are said to bepoisonous and uneatable.据说颜色艳丽的蘑菇往往有毒不能吃。Im afraid Mr. Smith is unavailable now.对不起，史密斯先生现在不在。,Only those with working experience of at least two years are eligible to apply for the position.只有至少有两年以上工作经验的人才有资格申请这个职位。The three girls are inseparable. 三个女孩形影不离。It is profitable to import
28、food.做进口食品可以赚钱。,Exercises,1.我喜欢读这份报纸，因为它信息量大，娱乐性强，具有很强的可读性。2. 使用易燃材料要格外小心。3. 中国制造的电器产品在国际市场上很有竞争力。4. 如果我们常接触英语，就会自然而然学会这门语言。5. 我的导师要求很高，对我的工作很挑剔。,I like reading the newspaper, for it is informative, entertaining and really readable.Special care should be taken when handling flammable materials.The e
29、lectrical appliances made in China are competitive in the world market.If we are frequently exposed to English, well master it naturally.My tutor is very demanding and is always critical of my work.,Although every boy is different, its common for boys at this age to get a little argumentative, restl
30、ess and moody. Its not that they are turning bad just that they are being born into a new self, and birth always involves some struggle.I firmly believe that under a less compulsory educational system, the students would be more creative and more cooperative with adults.She is calculating.,虽然每个男孩子的情
31、况有所不同，但在这个年纪他们多少会变得喜欢顶嘴，没有定性，容易生气。这并不意味着他们在变坏，他们只是在经历新自我的诞生过程，而这一过程总是难免有一些挣扎。我坚信，如果我们的教育体制更加宽松些，学生会更富有创造性，更愿意和大人合作。她这个人很爱打小算盘。,Passage translation,在过去三年的大学生活中，我一刻也没有停止过思考：我大学毕业后要干什么工作。尽管我的想法很多，但我现在已决定做一名大学教师。in the past three years of my college lifeIve never ceased to think/thinking about /Ive neve
32、r stopped thinking aboutwhat kind of work I shall take up/doafter /upon graduationIn the past three years of my college life I have never ceased to think about what kind of work I shall take up / do upon graduation.,I had inconsistent ideas.My ideas were not consistent.I have now decided to be a col
33、lege teacher as my lifelong careerI am now determined to be a college teacher as my lifelong careerI have now decided on a college teacher as my lifelong careerAlthough I had inconsistent ideas, I have now decided on a college teacher as my lifelong career.,有很多理由使我做出选择当教师而不是从事其它更赚钱的职业。many factors/r
34、easons lead me to choose the occupation rather than/instead ofother more profitable/lucrative occupationsA variety of reasons have led me to choose the occupation rather than other more lucrative ones.,首先，教就是学。要使我的讲课更有启发性，更生动有趣，我就得读更多的书，探索新知识，对世界有更好的了解，而这些正是我生活中最喜欢干的事。To begin with, teaching is lear
35、ning. to make my lectures more heuristic/ constructive /enlightening and interesting/stimulatingI have to read more books, explore new knowledge and gain/acquire a better understanding of the worldwhich is the favorite in my life/ the very thing I enjoy doing in my life,To make my lectures more cons
36、tructive and stimulating, I have to read more books, explore new knowledge and gain a better understanding of the world, the very thing I enjoying doing in my life.,第二，当教师意味着自由和独立。当一名教师我可以有自己的想法的自由，有自己做决定的自由，而这个特权不是每个人，甚至拿高薪的人都能拥有的。 Second, teaching means freedom and independence.enjoy the freedom o
37、f possessing my own ideas and making my own decisionsbe free to use my own ideas and make my own decisionswhich is a privilege not everyone can haveeven the highly-paid ones,As a teacher, Im free to use my own ideas and make my own decisions, a privilege not everyone can have, even the highly-paid o
38、nes.最后一点，我喜欢当教师，是因为这个工作给我一份安宁。 I like teaching because it offers me a certain peace of mind./a peace of life./ a peaceful life.Finally, I like teaching because it offers me a certain peace of mind.,我无须每天早上去赶汽车，无须如何讨好老板而焦虑不安，无须担心自己的工资收入，虽然不那么丰厚，但却十分稳定。There is no need to catch a morning bus, no need
39、to wonder how to please the boss or no need to worry about my income, which is steady though not handsome.There is no rushing to catch a morning bus, no anxiety to please the boss or no worries about my income, which is steady though not handsome.,没有什么东西，甚至高工资，可以抵得上继续学习的机会、自己做主人的乐趣以及平静安宁的生活。 a good/big salarythe opportunity to continue learning the pleasure/satisfaction of being your own bossa peace of lifebe equal to be comparable toNothing, not even a big salary, is equal to the opportunity to continue learning, the pleasure of being my own boss and a gentle peace of life.,
