1、1（5）阅读理解 推理判断一1、 In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a centurymost experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its
2、 early stages; the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as i
3、ts first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheo
4、n(名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published dur
5、ing the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. Its partly true that Dickens style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. Its partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But its also tha
6、t he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and important for our own cultureto understand how
7、he made himself a lasting one.1.Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A.They were difficult to understand.B.They were popular among the rich.C.They were seen as nearly worthless.D.They were written mostly by women.2.Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the tex
8、t to stress_.A.his reputation in FranceB.his interest in modern art2C.his success in publicationD.his importance in literature3.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A.To remember a great writer.B.To introduce an English novel.C.To encourage studies on culture.D.To promote values of the Vi
9、ctorian age.2、 Daniel Hernandez always wanted to help people. Before hed even graduated from high school, he trained to be a certified nursing assistant and volunteered at a nursing home. He then decided to work in public service. In his junior year at the University of Arizona, he majored in politi
10、cal science and began volunteering in political activities.One of his heroes was Gabrielle Giffords. When picked for an internship(实习期) with her, he gladly gave up a part-time sales job. So eager was he that he started work four days early. On Saturday morning, January 8, he arrived at La Toscana Vi
11、llage market north of Tucson and began setting up tables in front of a Safeway store where 30 or so people were gathering to meet Giffords.At 10: 10 a. m.,Hernandez heard loud sounds. “Gun!” someone shouted. He heard people screaming, saw them falling to the ground. Hernandez was standing 30 feet aw
12、ay from Giffords when she fell down. In seconds, he was at her side. Everywhere around him was chaos, but Hernandez willed himself to remain calm.Giffords was lying on the sidewalk; blood was streaming down her face from a bullet wound on her head. Gently, Hernandez lifted her into a sitting positio
13、n against his shoulder. Then, with his hand, he applied pressure to the wound on her forehead to prevent the flow of blood. He calmed her and told her all would be well.Minutes later, ambulances arrived on the scene. Still Hernandez stayed with Giffords, holding her hand and talking. “I just made su
14、re she knew she wasnt alone,” he says. “When I told her Id contact her husband Mark, she squeezed my hand hard.”Nineteen people fell victim to a crazy man that day. Giffords, though wounded, survived in no small part because of Hernandezs quick actions. Hernandez did a heroic thing. Though he doesnt
15、 think so, the people of Tucson and the nation are grateful that Daniel Hernandez was there at that key moment, four days earlier than he was supposed to be.31.Where did Daniel Hernandez ever volunteer before the accident?A.At the University of Arizona.B.At a store for a product.C.At a nursing home.
16、D.At his high school.2.Why did Hernandez stay with Gabrielle Giffords as soon as possible?A.Gabrielle Giffords was his hero.B.He worked as a security guards.C.He knew Gabrielle Giffords was in danger.D.He knew how to treat her wound.3.According to the last paragraph, to the people of Tucson, Gabriel
17、le Giffords _.A.worked hard at the Safeway storeB.was one of Daniel Hernandezs friendsC.did a really heroic thing that dayD.was lucky to survive the accident3、 Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good
18、 at what it does that theres always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character, and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.Br
19、ooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of charac
20、ter? And why are some people happy and successful while others arent? To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines(学科). Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常规的), and perhaps unfortu
21、nate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the readers attention. So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as
22、they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks 4carries this through to the death of one of his characters. On the whole, Brookss story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I e
23、njoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brookss attempt to translate his tale into scien
24、ce.1.The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to_.A.illustrate where science can be appliedB.demonstrate the value of Brookss new bookC.remind the reader of the importance of scienceD.explain why many writers use science in their works2.According to the author, wh
25、ich of the following could be a strength of the book?A.Its strong basis.B.Its convincing points.C.Its clear writing.D.Its memorable characters.3.What is the authors general attitude towards the book?A.Contradictory.B.Supportive.C.Cautious.D.Critical.4.What is the author likely to write about after t
26、he last paragraph?A.Problems with the book.B.Brookss life experience.C.Death of the characters.D.Brookss translation skills. 4、 1. The Wright Brothers, by David McCulloughAnother must-read for history fans, McCullough tells the story of Orville and Wilbur Wright, the brothers who taught the world ho
27、w to fly. Drawing on all types of historical data from personal diaries and scrapbooks, to thousands of private letters of family letters we get a close look at the actual 5personalities behind one of the most influential moments in history.2. The Wonder Garden, by Lauren AcamporaThis novel is reall
28、y a collection of several interwoven(交织)stories of people living in the rich Connecticut suburbs. From tales of an elderly artist to a young mother to a woman whose husband just behaves carelessly, The Wonder Garden gives us an unforgettable reminder that theres often so much we dont know about what
29、 happens with our neighbors behind closed doors.3. Between You it was actually doing science that interested me thinking about it, planning it, and doing it.After that experiment, I did more experiments in the lab with my friend Aisha. We learned a lot of things through doing experiments in the lab
30、of our school. I was so lucky that I attended such a school.Recently, I read a report on a website. It shows that many schools in the US dont have the resources(资源) needed to do experiments in their school labs. Students should do experiments in the lab. It totally works. It makes kids like science.
31、 I hope that schools around the nation will provide their students with more resources to do experiments in the lab.81.Whats the authors purpose in doing the experiment?A.To find out how African violets grew into big plants.B.To clone enough African violets to plant in the wild.C.To find the effect
32、of antioxidants on African violets.D.To test whether antioxidants were good for all plants.2.The author found the African violets fed with antioxidants _.A.looked very strangeB.grew better than othersC.were almost destroyedD.had much bigger leaves3.After doing the experiment the author _.A.wanted to
33、 find a better partnerB.showed great interest in scienceC.thought it was hard to do experimentsD.wanted to read books to improve his experiment4.What is the text mainly about?A.The authors first experiment in a lab.B.Why all students cannot do experiments.C.Why the author was interested in science.D
34、.Things the author learned from experiments.9答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.A解析：本文写于 Charles Dickens诞辰 200周年前夕,介绍了 Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响。1. 细节理解题。根据第一段对当时情况的描写 nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字)rate in Engla
35、nd was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors. Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.可知,印刷技术落后,人们识字率低,作品上没有作者名字,小说被认为是愚蠢的、不正常的,或者毫无价值可言。故选 C。2. 推理判断题。根据第二段 Dickens greatness is unchallenged.和列举的 Charles Dickens小说的影响可知,把他和
36、 Mona Lisa相比是为了说明 Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要性和 Mona Lisa在绘画方面的重要性是一样的,故选 D。3. 写作意图题。根据文中对 Charles Dickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写,和文章最后 But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and important for our own cultureto understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知,本文是写于 Charles Dicke
37、ns诞辰 200周年前夕,由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选 A。点睛:推理判断题要求在理解表面文字的基础上,做出判断和推论,从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思,也就是通过文章中的文字信息,上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息,推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。本文推理判断题的考法:1. 推测文章的观点或结论。小题 1要求判断 18世纪英国小说的现状,根据第一段对当时情况的描写 nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early sta
38、ges; the literacy rate in England was under 50%.Novels, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.可知,当时印刷技术落后,人们识字率低,小说被认为是愚蠢的不正常的,毫无价值可言。2. 推测作者写作目的或意图。小题 3判断本文的写作目的,根据文中对 Charles Dickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写,和文章最后 But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and imp
39、ortant for our own cultureto understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知,本文是写于 Charles Dickens诞辰 200周年前夕,由此推断作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。102答案及解析：答案：1.C; 2.C; 3.D解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“and volunteered at a nursing home. ” 可知,在事故发生之前, Daniel Hernandez 在一家私人疗养院做过志愿者,故选 C项。2.推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,当时 Giffords受伤倒下去了,
40、她的处境非常危险,因此距离她不远的 Hernandez以自己的最快速度上前去保护她,并对她的伤口进行处理,故选C项。3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一句中的 Daniel Hernandez was there at that key moment, four days earlier than he was supposed to be. ”可知,Daniel Hernandez 本应该在 4天之后才去那里的,因此推断:Gabrielle Giffords 的获救是非常幸运的,故 D项正确。3答案及解析：答案： 1.D; 2.C; 3.D; 4.A解析： 1.【语篇导读】本文是一篇书评。作者列举
41、了 Brooks的几本书,指出了书中值得肯定的地方,同时也找出了其不足之处。推理判断题。文章第一句提到科学有许多用途,可以揭示自然的规律、治病、制造原子弹等等,后面又提到 David Brooks。由此可知,许多作家在作品中运用科学知识,就是因为它的功能很多,所以选 D。2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“.As one would expect,his writing is mostly clear.”可知,撰写清楚是他的书的一个优点,所以选 C。3.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中的.“who failed to resist the temptation.”和第三段中的“you might
42、expect the book to be a dry recitation of fact. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox,and perhaps unfortunate, way.”可知,Brooks 写的和人们期望的不一样。由此可知,作者是持批判的态度。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,这些问题涉及 Brooks把他的故事转换成科学的企图,由此可知,作者在本段谈到这本书的问题,所以选 A。B 项“Brooks 的生活经历”;C项“人物的死亡”;D 项“Brooks 的翻译技巧”都与该段无关。【长难句分析】I
43、ndeed science is so good at what it does that theres always a temptation to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful.的确,科学对它做的事情如此擅长,以至于总有一种要把它拖进无能为力解决的问题中的诱惑。本句是一个复合句。so.that.引导的是结果状语从句;where it may not be helpful 是定语从句,修饰 problems。4答案及解析：答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.D11解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“. we get a dos
44、e look at the actual personalities behind one of the most influential moments in history. ”可知,这本书可以让我们了解历史上最有影响力的时刻之一背后的真实人物,所以选 B项。2.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Its there that he struggles with love, alcoholism, and becoming loved by one of his students. ” 可知,在小说 My Struggle:Book Four中, Karl Ove Knausgaard 描写了自
45、己真实的生活经历3.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Enter Between You 2.B; 3.A; 4.D解析：1.推理判断题.根据第二段 Mrs. Stanley talked mostly about her dead husband. “Mr. Stanley and I went shopping this morning,” shed say.可推测,作者第一次听到 Mrs. Stanley说这些话时是极为震惊的。故选 B。2.推理判断题:根据第三段 Dad said she was probably lonely, and that I ought to sit and lis
46、ten and nod my head and smile 可知,作者倾听 Mrs. Stanley 说话是为了帮助她。故选 B.3.词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句 After a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery(墓地)可知,Mrs. Stanley 看来已从失去丈夫的悲痛中走了出来,说明画线部分的意思“从悲伤中恢复过来”。故选 A。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段 You find it whenever people ask how youre doing because they care,
47、and not because theyre getting paid to do so,以及本文所讲的故事 作者以前关心 Mrs. Stanley,后来又被自家的送报员所关心,由此可推断作者想要表明的观点:社区邻里间应该相互关心。故选 D。误解分析:不能误选 A项。open up to others意为 “对别人敞开心扉”。心扉指的是心的门扇,比喻人的内心。敞开心扉是指在一个人面前把自己的心毫无隐瞒地表现出来,也指分享自己的心情,是一种乐观开朗的表现。而文中作者通过自身的经历告诉我们要相互关心。全文翻译四年级的时候,我兼职做报童。斯坦利太太是我的顾客之一。她会看着我走到她所居住的大街,走到她
48、家门前时,会给我准备一杯冷饮。她讲话时我总会坐着喝冷饮。斯坦利太太讲述的内容多是关于她死去的丈夫。 “今天早上斯坦利先生和我去购物了。”她说道。她第一次这样说时,我大为吃惊。12我告诉父亲,斯坦利太太说话的样子似乎斯坦利先生还活着。爸爸说她可能很孤独,我应该坐着听, 还得不时地点头微笑,这样也许她会从失去丈夫的悲痛中恢复过来。于是我那样做了,结果证明爸爸是对的。不久后,斯坦利太太似乎把丈夫遗忘在了墓地。我终于不再送报纸了,几年来也没见过斯坦利太太。然后在一个教堂募捐活动的现场,斯坦利太太和我不期而遇。她正在舀土豆泥,看起来很高兴。四年前,为了与人交谈,她还不得已为报童提供一杯饮料。现在,她有朋
49、友了。她的丈夫去世了,但生活还得继续。现在,我住在城里,我的报童是一个叫埃德娜的女士,她有三个孩子。她问我近况怎样。当我没有说 “好”的时候,她就会坚持倾听我的问题。她一生大部分时间都住在城市,但她了解社区。与其说社区是一个地方,倒不如说它是一种心境。每当有人因为关心而问你日子过得怎么样而不是因为要得到报酬而做这些时,你会感到这一点。有时只是笑一笑,点点头, 听一听就好了。6答案及解析：答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.B; 4.A解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段的 We chose to learn about theeffect of antioxidants on the growth of African violets.可知,作者和朋友是想知道抗氧化剂对非洲紫罗兰的作用。2.推理判断题。根据第三段的 However,we found that the ones fed with antioxidants produced more little baby leaves on them.可知,作者发现使用抗氧化剂的非洲紫罗兰比别的长得要好。3.推理判断题。根据第四段的 I learned
