1、1Unit 12.单词一、核心单词1.beyond prep. 超出(之外)；非所能及；在(或向)的那一边2.repay vt. 偿还；报答3.flexible adj. 能适应新情况的，灵活的；有弹性的4.rent n. 租金vt. 租用，租借；出租5.privilege n. 荣幸；特权vt. 给予特权；特别优待6.clarify vt. 阐明；澄清；净化7.rob vt. 抢劫，盗取8.moreover adv. 此外，而且二、阅读单词1.controversial adj. 有争议的，引起争论的2.rainfall n. 降雨；降雨量3.wrestle vt.& vi. 努力对付或解决
2、；摔跤4.permanent adj. 永久的；长久的5.sustainable adj. 可持续的6.boom n.& vi. 激增，繁荣7.precise adj. 准确的，确切的8.currency n. 货币，通货，普遍认可9.swap vt.& vi. 替换；交换三、拓展单词1.system n.体系，制度，系统 systematic adj.蓄意的；系统的，成体系的2.politician n.从政者，政客politics n.政治，政治学political adj.政治的3.expense n.费用，开销expensive adj.昂贵的4.weaken vt.& vi.削弱，减
3、弱weak adj.弱的5.creativity n.创造力create vt.创造creative adj.创造性的creature n.生物6.adjustment n.调整，调节adjust vt.& vi.调整，调节；适应7.hopefully adv.有望；抱有希望地hopeful adj.有希望的hope vt.& n.希望8.edition n.(报刊的)一期；版本editor n.编辑，编者29.retire vt.& vi.退休，(令)退职retirement n.退休10.elect vi.& vt.选举；选择(做某事)election n.选举11.waitress n.
4、女服务员waiter n.(男)服务员12.collision n.冲突，抵触；碰撞collide vi.猛撞，冲突13.sympathy n.同情；赞同sympathetic adj.同情的；赞同的.短语/词块1.make_up 组成，编造2.be_harmful_to 对有害3.catch_up_on 补上，补做4.put.into_practice 实施，把付诸实践5.on_top_of 除之外；在上面(方)6.push_for_sth 迫切要求；反复争取7.be_on_the_move 迁移中；行进中8.turn_into 变成9.make_sense 是明智的；是有道理的10.cat
5、er_to 迎合；满足需要11.at_best 充其量，至多12.take_advantage_of 利用；占的便宜13.make the headlines 成为重要新闻14.lead to poor harvests 导致收成差15.raise money for 为筹款16.make the public aware of 让公众意识到17.beyond doubt 毫无疑问18.conventional businesses 传统行业19.fight poverty 与贫困作斗争20.set alarm bells singing 敲响警钟21.sustainable developm
6、ent 可持续性发展22.alternative energy sources 可替代性能源23.a variety of reasons 各种原因24.collision of cultures 文化碰撞25.feel sympathy for 对感到同情26.at a crossroads 处于关键时刻.句式一、补全句子31.What_developing_countries_really_need_to_do is to stop poverty by fighting the causes of it.发展中国家真正需要做的是通过解决贫困的源头来消除贫困。2.This_is_why e
7、ducation and training for young people is so important.这就是为什么对年轻人的教育和培养是如此重要。3.In fact，according to the national population survey conducted_recently，Florida is home to the largest population of people aged 65 and older.事实上，根据最近的全国人口普查，佛罗里达州是年龄在 65岁以及超过 65岁的人口最密集的地区。4.As_the_number_of_older_American
8、s_moving_there_increases，more changes are made to cater to them.随着搬迁到那里的美国老年人的增加，作出更多的改变来迎合他们。二、分析长难句1.While they are seeing great development，they are still poorer than many countries in other parts of the world，and there is a danger that they could fall further behind developed countries.【分析】 本句是一
9、个并列句，第一分句中，while 引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管” ，第二分句为 There be句型，其中 that引导同位语从句。【翻译】 _虽然他们发展很快，但仍然比世界上许多其他地方的国家贫穷，并且这些发展中国家会处于远远落后于发达国家的危险之中。2.These things provide a framework for new jobs to be created，allowing people to help themselves so that they no longer need to depend on others.【分析】 句中 allowing people t
10、o help.是现在分词短语作结果状语，so that引导结果状语从句。【翻译】 这些事情为创造新的工作提供了一个体系，使得人们可以自助而不再需要依赖他人。3.However，very high interest rates have created a situation where countries in the developing world now spend $13 on debt repayment for every $1 that they received.【分析】 句中 where引导定语从句，修饰抽象名词 situation，that 引导定语从句。【翻译】 但是，很
11、高的利率产生了这样一个局面，发展中国家现在每得到 1美元就要花13美元还债。4.Most agree, however，that they like the climate in Florida，which，apart from 4a few hurricanes，is warmer than in other places.【分析】 句中，that 引导宾语从句，which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词Florida。【翻译】 然而大部分人认为他们喜欢佛罗里达的天气，这个地方除了有时会有飓风，要比其他地方暖和。1.beyond prep.超出(之外)；非所能及；在(或向)的那一边beyon
12、d belief/recognition/doubt/description/ones power 难以置信/认不出来/毫无疑问/无法描述/超出某人的能力be beyond sb 对于某人来说难以理解It is thought that the scenery of the West Lake is beautiful beyond description (describe).据认为西湖之美难以描述。I am sorry；it is beyond_my_power to finish the difficult task within an hour.对不起，一个小时完成这项困难的任务我做不
13、到。2.expense n.费用，开销at ones expense 由某人付费at the expense/cost of 以为代价；由付费用living expenses 生活费用spare no expense 不惜费用Generally speaking，it is wrong to achieve your aim at_the_expense/cost_of your health.一般来说，以你的健康为代价来实现你的目标是错误的。This printer is of good quality.If it should break down within the first yea
14、r，we would repair it at_our_expense.这种打印机质量优良。如果它在第一年中出现了毛病，我们将免费维修。We will spare_no_expense_to_protect_our_surroundings from being polluted.我们将不惜一切代价来保护我们的环境不受污染。名师指津 expense 作“开支，花费”讲时常用复数形式。The pay he gets barely covers his expenses(expense).他几乎是入不敷出。53.elect vi.& vt.选择(做某事)；选举(1)elect to do sth
15、决定做某事elect sb to. 选举某人进入elect sb as/to be. 选举某人担任(2)election n. 选举； 当选She became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate.她成为第一个被选入参议院的黑人女性。It is said that only two students will be elected to_take (take) part in the coming English Contest.据说，只有两个学生将被选中参加即将到来的英语竞赛。Xi Jinping was elected as/
16、to_be General Secretary of the CPC in the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China for the second time.在党的十九大上，习近平再次被选举为中共中央总书记。名师指津 elect 表示“选举”时，主要指选举某人担任某职务。若所涉及的职务只有一个，如总统、市长、船长等，表示该职务的名词前通常不用冠词。4.privilege n.荣幸，特权 vt.给予特权，特别优待(1)a privilege to do sth/of doing sth 有幸做某事have the pri
17、vilege to do/of doing sthhave the right to do sth 有做某事的特权(2)privileged adj. 享有特权的；荣幸的；幸运的be privileged to do sth 做某事是荣幸的Im so glad I chose to be an accountantI think its a_great_privilege_to_work here.(教材原句)很高兴我选择了当会计师，我觉得能在这里工作真是我的荣幸。We are privileged to_have (have) a distinguished guest with us to
18、night.我们今晚有幸与一位贵宾在一起。We consider ourselves privileged (privilege) to have been invited to give a speech here.我们认为被邀请到这里作演讲是荣幸的。5.clarify vt.阐明，使更清晰易懂，澄清；净化(1)clarify ones position (on) 阐明(方面的)立场clarify what/how/. 澄清(2)clarification n. 澄清；解释The Romany have never written down their history，so it_is_ha
19、rd_to_clarify their origins or exact history.(教材原句)6罗姆人从来没有记载他们的历史，因此很难弄清他们的起源或者确切的历史。He was required to_clarify(clarify) his position at once.他被要求立刻阐明他的立场。Please contact us if you require clarification (clarify)of any of these matters.如果你想弄清这些事情，请与我们联系。6.put sth into practice 实施，把付诸实践(1)in practice
20、 事实上，实际上be/get out of practice 生疏；荒废(2)practise doing sth 练习做某事This is a simple idea，but one that is hard to put into practice.(教材原句)这是一个简单的想法，不过也是一个难以付诸实践的想法。There is not a lot of traffic，but in practice，few drivers respect the rules.没有很多车辆，但实际上，极少司机能遵守交通规则。You need to practice speaking (speak)Engl
21、ish to make greater progress.你需要练习讲英语以便取得更大进步。7.on top of 除之外；在上面(方)on top 在顶部；处于领先地位at the top of 在上面at the top of ones voice 高声地from top to bottom 从上到下；彻底On_top_of this，burning these fuels produces carbon dioxide，which is harmful to the environment.(教材原句)除此之外，燃烧这些矿物燃料会产生二氧化碳，这对环境有害。At_the_top_of_t
22、he hill lies an old cottage where you can have a wonderful view of the whole city.山顶上坐落着一个你能一览全城美景的古老的小屋。He shouted suddenly at_the_top_of_his_voice.他突然高声尖叫起来。8.make sense 是明智的；是有道理的；有意义，讲得通(1)make sense of 理解；明白make no sense 没意义(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说in no sense 决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装)7There is no/li
23、ttle sense in doing sth 做某事没道理It doesnt_make_sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.只是为了省一点钱买最便宜牌子的电脑没有意义。We read it through，but could not make_sense_of it.我们从头到尾读了一遍，但不明白它说些什么。In no sense should_you_lose_heart；keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.你决不应该灰心丧
24、气。继续努力，你迟早会成功的。As far as Im concerned，there is no sense in getting(get)upset about it now.在我看来，现在为这事苦恼是没有意义的。名师指津(1)make sense是物作主语，无被动语态；make sense of 是人作主语，可以用于被动语态，用 of引出物。(2)make sense与 make sense of中 sense前不加冠词，sense 本身也不能用复数形式。9.at best 充其量，至多at ones best 全盛时期make the best of 充分利用have/get the
25、best of 胜过；占上风Their response to the proposal was，at_best，cool.他们对提议的反应充其量只能说是漠然置之。The teacher often asks us to make full use of every chance to improve our spoken English.The teacher often asks us to make_the_best_of every chance to improve our spoken English.老师经常要求我们充分利用每次机会提高英语口语。I thought you had
26、_the_best_of that discussion.我认为你在那场讨论中占了上风。10.What_developing_countries_really_need_to_do is to stop poverty by fighting the causes of it.发展中国家真正需要做的是通过解决贫困的源头来消除贫困。句中 what引导主语从句。what 引导名词性从句的一般用法如下：what 引导名词性从句是可以作主语、宾语或表语。What_we cant get seems better than what we have.8我们不能得到的看来比我们拥有的要更好。What_wa
27、s_once_regarded_as_impossible has now become a reality.过去认为不可能的事现已成为现实。上面所提到的是 what引导名词性从句所表达的常见意义，其特殊含义如下：(1)表示“的人” ，相当于“the person that.” 。He is not what_he was a few years ago.他不是几年前的他了。(2)表示“的地方” ，相当于“the place that.” 。What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.现在是北部撒哈拉沙漠的地方曾
28、是一个文明世界。(3)表示“的数目” ，相当于“the amount/number that.” 。 Our income is now double what_it_was_ten_years_ago.我们现在的收入是十年前的两倍。课 下 作 业.单词拼写1.There were so many people that I had to squeeze(挤)carefully through the crowd.2.The man who is making a speech is an outspoken politician(政客).3.We should stick to the pr
29、inciples and be flexible (灵活的) as well.4.Some people in Nigeria are training to become operators of solar(太阳的)energy.5.Systematic(系统的)reform is needed in many companies.6.Her furniture is in storage(储存)while she finds a new house.7.Recently，there has been a boom(繁荣) in population mobility.8.The tren
30、d (趋势)seems to be for them to move to warmer places.9.Perhaps you should move there when you retire(退休)!10.Dont forget that using such an expensive car is not a privilege (特权) for you.11.If you go with me，you will enjoy a day of unforgettable experiences(经历)in the outdoors.12.With the development of
31、 industry(工业)，our life is getting better and better.单句语法填空1.Prisoners have legal rights，but in practice these rights are not always 9respected.2.Did you make sense of what the teacher said just now?3.After what seemed a very long time，I opened my eyes and found myself in bed!4.He comes home late eve
32、ry evening，making (make) his wife very angry.5.It is reported that the terrible accident robbed the young mother of her legs.6.People living near the airport are pushing for new restrictions on night flights.7.Its the kind of movie that caters to the worst side of human nature.8.Jack is not very dec
33、isive，and he always finds himself in a dilemma as if he doesnt know what he really wants to do.9.Shy people often avoid situations where close contact with other people is needed.10.Thank you for writing and allowing me to_clarify (clarify) the present position.11.It seems that the discussion will v
34、ery soon turn into_an argument.12.In the latest election，Mary was_elected chairwoman of the Student Union.(elect).完成句子1.As students，we should make_the_best/most_of_our_time.作为学生，我们应该充分利用我们的时间。2.The center of Shanghai has changed beyond_all_recognition.上海的中心已经变得完全认不出来了。3.His fame was bought at_the_ex
35、pense_of health and happiness.他获得了名声，却牺牲了健康和幸福。4.He is expected _to_clarify_his_position_on welfare reform today.人们希望他今天阐明自己在福利改革方面的立场。5.On_top_of_his_spelling，he has made many grammar mistakes in his composition.除了拼写，他的作文中还有很多语法错误。6.Ladies and gentlemen，I have_the_great_privilege_of introducing our
36、 speaker for tonight.女士们、先生们，我很荣幸地向大家介绍今晚的发言人。.阅读理解Its the universal cry of parents.“Get a job！” Solimans mother 10told Soliman on the second day of his college breaks.After years of delivering furniture for his mothers store，he knew many people had things they wanted to get rid of.If he borrowed hi
37、s moms truck，he could make a little money by carrying away their garbage.One night，Soliman came up with a name for his new businessCollege Hunks Hauling Junk.He advertised the next day，and within hours，his phone rang.He asked his friend Friedman to help.They made $220 in three hours by cleaning out
38、a womans garage.Soliman and Friedman earned $10，000 that summer.But the two werent ready to become fulltime garbage men after graduation.“We were trained to finish college and get a good job， ” says Soliman，who first worked at a research firm. Friedman became an economic analyst.After working for th
39、e firm and the company for a while，both of them changed their minds.They quit their jobs and restarted their business，but had trouble finding a bank willing to lend them money.“Within months， ”says Friedman， “we were pretty upset.”At last，one bank risked lending them $50，000.At first， they lost mone
40、y. One customer asked them to deal with a dozen garbage cans filled with construction garbage.They measured the job by volume instead of by weight and charged just $130.“The cans were so heavy that it took us two and a half hours， ”says Soliman， “and it cost us more than $250 to carry the load.”Howe
41、ver，the tough experience taught them a lesson.They reduced the cost of unloading by recycling metals and electronics. Just four years later，they ran a nationwide company that earned $3 million in 2014.“I figured if Nick and I failed，wed learn more from failing than from not trying at all， ”says Soli
42、man.【语篇导读】 Soliman 通过为妈妈的商店运家具，了解到许多人有不想要的东西。于是他有了一个想法通过运送别人不想要的东西来挣钱。他和朋友开始创业时遇到了一些困难，但是通过不懈的努力以及分析和总结，最后他们终于成功了。1.What does Soliman find when helping to deliver furniture?A.Some parents want their kids to work at college breaks.B.Many families have things they dont want to keep.C.His moms truck wo
43、rks well in carrying heavy furniture.D.Its hard to make money by carrying away the garbage.11答案 B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，Soliman 在为母亲的商店运送家具之后，他了解到很多人有他们不想要的东西。故选 B。2.What makes Soliman think of starting his new business?A.His working experience in his mothers store.B.His strong desire to make use of the
44、garbage.C.His hatred for peoples throwing away things.D.His much available time at college breaks.答案 A 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，当他知道很多人都有不想要的东西时，他就想到如果他借妈妈的卡车来运走这些不想要的东西，他就可以挣到钱。所以这种想法应该是他帮妈妈做事时想到的。故选 A。3.How did Soliman and Friedman cut the cost of the company?A.By filling the cans with more garbage.B.By
45、measuring the job by volume.C.By reducing the working hours.D.By recycling something useful.答案 D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“They reduced the cost of unloading by recycling metals and electronics”可知，他们通过循环利用金属和电子设备来减少卸载的费用。故选 D。4.Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A.Easier said than done.B.N
46、othing succeeds like success.C.Two heads are better than one.D.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.答案 D 推理判断题。通读全文可知，Soliman 和朋友在创业阶段很不顺，但是通过坚持不懈的努力以及分析和总结，最后他们终于获得了成功。这个故事也验证了这句名言：有志者事竟成。故选 D。.七选五Bringing CPR training to schoolsKing County in Washington State has the highest survival rates in
47、the world for cardiac arrest(心搏骤停): 62 percent.One of their secrets to success is the Student CPR Training Program，which provides mandatory (强制的) CPR training for all students grades 612._1_， so the more trained bystanders an area has，the higher the chances of survival for the victims.Here are some
48、easy ways to bring CPR training to your students.121.Excite students passion._2_，but when students are passionate about a cause，they can easily find support and backing through social media.To inspire your students to become heroes，read “My Teammates Saved My Life”，a story about a 13yearold who was kept alive by a teammate who performed CPR during softball practice.2.Get yourself trained._3_，and round up all of the teachers and coaches you know to join in.3._4_.If getting trained to be an instructor isnt something you have the time for，have the students reach out to see if they can get
