1、1议论文素材(V1.1)1 Science and technologyInternetMerits:It is often claimed that the Internet is one of the most brilliant innovations in human history which turns our planet into a global village by connecting billions of people of different races, culture and religions. Wherever you are, as long as you
2、 have access to the Internet, you can reach anyone you want by email or using chat-room or posting a notice on BBS. Internet has greatly facilitates our communication with its fast speed, high reliability and versatile capabilities. An interesting phenomenon is email is emerging as the favorite form
3、 of human communication, replacing letters and telephone calls, both of which are time-consuming and costly. Even greeting cards can be sent with emails, called e-cards, which the user selects from a menu and deliver with a click of mouse. Moreover, the communication between organizations and indivi
4、duals are significantly enhanced. Corporations that want to do advertising on the internet can put the message on their websites, attracting prospective buyer to know more details about their products and services. Because the internet is an interactive means of communication, customers can also air
5、 their views on the company websites, giving the valuable feedbacks and recommendations.Drawbacks:The messages in emails and BBS or chat-room are superficial and meaningless.A substantial number of messages stem from sheer human boredom instead of a real need of information exchange.Also, people usi
6、ng the Internet are prone to hide true feelings because they face a machine rather than other human beings. In contrast with letters, which are a more humane and intimate way of communication, and telephone calls, in which you hear anther persons voice and perceive his emotions, Internet communicati
7、on often deprive the users of the milk of human kindness because of the intrinsically/inherent apathetic nature of computer technology. Another serious weak point of internet is that the information on it is often erroneous and outrageous as there is virtually no editing nor censorship on many websi
8、tes. People will be misled and perplexed and communication will be hindered due to misunderstandings and ambiguities. To some extent, its advanced technology does not necessarily compensate for its apathy and inhumanity.Modern technology is responsible for the increasingly higher rates of various cr
9、imes in recent years. With easy access to the Internet and a professional knowledge of computer operations and programs, criminals and hackers have been found to steal huge amount of money from rich peoples bank accounts through Internet banking. What is worse, some hackers have intruded and lurked
10、in the computer system of large companies and government departments to steal confidential information, which poses tremendous threat to the existence of a company and the security of the whole nation. In addition, the rampant deceptive activities due to the booming of internet are well documented.
11、It is reported that the number of the cases associated with the Internet scam rose by 30% in 2006 compared to that of 2000, from which we can see that Internet provides a good platform for the con artists. 2Robot: free human from heavy workload required by industrial mass-production save time and en
12、ergy for creative and challenging work without exhausting physical strength work in quicker pace, more precisely, never exhausted, cheaper, helping elevate working efficiency and productivity applied as a substitute for human in hazardous work such as exploring the erupting volcano, cleanup nuclear
13、waste, probing the outer space, detecting mineral deposit, locating sunken ship give rise to unemployment used in repetitive, monotonous task, in which human performances might degrade over time perform repetitive, fast and high-precision for 24 hours per day without fatigue GM has 160,000 robots. t
14、hose with intricate Artificial Intelligence can be a monster when misused by a vicious scientists or terrorists, posing enormous threat on human beings Human brain power can not be substituted: Human brains over 100 billion neurons are more talented, and human perception is far more complicated than
15、 previously imagined. We have built machine in the factory which is able to find out the misalignment of a panel by a fraction of a millimeter. But the human mind can glimpse a fast moving scene, immediately discarding 98 percent of irrelevant information and instantaneously focus on the flying wood
16、chuck at the side of a winding forest, or the single suspicious face in a turbulent crowd. Even the most advanced computer system on the earth fail to approach such kind of ability. The neuroscientists still do not have much idea on how we manage to do it, let alone simulating this mechanism with co
17、mputers.Intellectual PropertyThe purpose of the protection of intellectual property is to provide incentive for people who produce scientific or creative works that benefit the society.Intellectual property differs from other forms of property because it is intangible. It is a product of human imagi
18、nation. Unlikely cars and other properties, thousands of people can use the intellectual properties simultaneously without any conflict. It might take an author or a program designer for many months to write a novel or a computer program. However, with a photocopier or a computer, it takes just a fe
19、w seconds to copy a book and a computer program. Without a strict enforcement by the government, intellectual properties will be easily duplicated and resold at an extremely low price, leaving the original creators without any chance to secure their economic rewards for their efforts. Therefore, the
20、y are more likely to drop out of the innovation fields, which is a tremendous loss to a country. As has been pointed out by many specialists, it is creativity that propels the advancement of a country.2 SOCIAL ISSUESWomen crime: A. contact the out side world B. expose to the dark side of the society
21、 C. media influences (too many crude scenes and crime-related report on TV D. the innate quality of women. (jealousy, comparison unrealistically with others F. too suppressed and discredited by the society Womens quality attribute partly to the rise of criminal rates. Jealousy and liability to compa
22、re unrealistically with other are parts of womens personality. The prosperity and luxury in 3metropolises are too alluring for women. They desire flashing jewelry, extravagant garments and other luxurious stuff. Those who left the countryside for the cities in pursuit of fortune often find themselve
23、s disappointed for lack of education and skills. Therefore, some of them turn desperate and embark on their journey as a criminal.GlobalizationGlobalization, comprehensive term for the emergence of a global society in which economic, political, environmental, and cultural events in one part of the w
24、orld quickly come to have significance for people in other parts of the world. Globalization is the result of advances in communication, transportation, and information technologies. It describes the growing economic, political, technological, and cultural linkages that connect individuals, communit
25、ies, businesses, and governments around the world.Although most people continue to live as citizens of a single nation, they are culturally, materially, and psychologically engaged with the lives of people in other countries as never before. Distant events often have an immediate and significant imp
26、act, blurring the boundaries of our personal worlds. Items common to our everyday livessuch as the clothes we wear, the food we eat, and the cars we driveare the products of globalization.Globalization has both negative and positive aspects. Among the negative aspects are the rapid spread of disease
27、s, illicit drugs, crime, terrorism, and uncontrolled migration. Among globalizations benefits are a sharing of basic knowledge, technology, investments, resources, ethical values and cultural exchanges.FeminismWomen with ambition and career have to fight for acceptance.Women accounts for two thirds
28、of the worlds illiterate population.In areas such as Eastern Europe and Latin America, there are more women who are enrolled by institutions of higher education than men.While women make up 32 percent of the worlds working population, the percentage of women who are in the position of making decisio
29、ns far lower.In the year 2002, women only held 15.7 percent of corporate executive positions in the 500 largest companies in the U.S., an increase by 7 percentage points since 1995.In 2002, women make up 15.6 percent of legislative bodies worldwide.While these advancements, womens role in government
30、al decision-making is still limited.The status of womens right varies dramatically in different countries and in some cases, among groups within the same country, such as ethnic group and economic group.Through out much history of China, deep-seated/rooted cultural belief allowed women only few soci
31、al roles. Many people believed that womens natural roles were as mothers and wives. They were thought to be more suited for house keeping and child rearing rather than for involvement in social activities just like business and politics. The widespread stereotype that women were inferior to men inte
32、llectually deprived thousands of women of the right to receive education. They were encouraged to develop domestic skill rather that skill of writing or reading. The well-educated or up class men dominated most position of employment and power.Animal rightsScientists have been using use animals in v
33、arious kinds of researches aimed at improving human health and the welfare of other animals. Many breakthroughs, such as the discoveries of antibiotics and vaccines 4have been made by experimenting on animals. Without experiments on animals, thousands will die from the deceases which are common and
34、curable in todays world. Many specialists argue that animal experimentation remains a crucial way for the investigation and treatment of serious diseases including cancers, ADIS, heart diseases. However, animal rights activist in increasing number protest against the animal experimentation, noting t
35、hat many procedures such as vivisection ignore the animals capacity to feel pain. They also object to the toxicity testing performed on animals to help determine whether cosmetics and other products are safe for human use. Law existed in many countries to regulate the use and treatment of laboratory
36、 animals in scientific industries and in education.The OldOld person may require more time for answering, but many recent studies based on untimed tests and other measurements on intellectual activity, such as problem solving and concept formation, indicate that there is little decline in mental abi
37、lities in healthy people at least up to the age of 70.As the percentage of the elderly increase, exceeding that of the young working people, traditional strategies for caring the older persons has to be modified. Take the United States for example, those employed pay taxes throughout their entire ca
38、reer, so that their will be able to receive money from the federal government after retirement for surviving. This system, called social security, may be in jeopardize as the number of the older people increases, placing an inordinate demand smaller number of people working and supporting them. A su
39、rvey conducted by Social Security Administration (SSA) shows that the spending on Social Security accounts for 25% of the federal budget in 2005, compared to 17% in 1970 and 1% in 1940. Many specialists voice that the current system may not keep up with surging demand of the elderly.The unprecedente
40、d increase in the number of older people has already given rise to some profound changes in our society. The growing of older population throughout the world has changed the global economy. In the same way that 1960 had a children market that targeted the baby boomers, today there is an expanding ma
41、tured market, called the silver industry in Japan, which provides services to meet the demand of the elder people. The matured market has lead to an economic boom in many related industries, including health care service, pharmaceutical, tourism, financial service and recreational industries. The in
42、crease of the retired elderly and the thriving of the silver industry also provide more job vacancies for the younger generations thereby the unemployment rate may decline on a large scale. Extra information associated with the issue of the old people:The elderly have changed their mindset and no lo
43、nger deem it a misfortune but a vogue and an adaption into modern society.Generation gap arouses discord and conflict in many families.Quality of life measurement: the level of satisfaction felt by the individuals, regardless of their ages, colors, genders and occupations; the level of enjoyment, co
44、mfort and health; clean environment; low unemployment rate; adequate housing; sound social security system; high level of education; employment opportunity; high morality level; diverse ways of entertainment and relaxation; a stable society. There is a critical link between the life quality of peopl
45、e and the social stability. When peoples live are 5improved and they feel comfortable and enjoyed in the society, they are less likely to make troubles and commit crimes, for there is an inner peace reigns in their hearts. An example: A good case in point is the collapse of the former Soviet Union.
46、Its government had devoted vast amount of money to nuclear weapon and expensive space programs to show off its mighty power. But on the other hand, peoples quality of life had hardly been promoted since the end of World War II and many Russian still lived in primitive conditions. It is exactly the p
47、aradox that led to the inevitable ruin of a once-flourishing superpower.UnemploymentSeasonal unemployment occurs when industries have a slow season, such as construction and other outdoor work in winter. It also occurs at the end of the school year in June, when large numbers of students and graduat
48、es look for work. At its seasonal high point (January and February), unemployment in the U.S. between 1976 and 1986 was typically 20 percent higher than at the seasonal low (October).Structural unemployment arises from an imbalance between the kinds of workers wanted by employers and the kinds of wo
49、rkers looking for jobs. The imbalances may be caused by inadequacy in skills, location, or personal characteristics. Technological developments, for example, necessitate new skills in many industries, leaving those workers who have outdated skills without a job. A declining plant may close down or move to another area, rendering many workers who are unable or unwilling to move unemployed. Workers with inadequate education or training and young workers with little or no experience may be unable to get jobs because employers believe tha
