1、1简单句、并列句和复合句考点一 简单句1. 简单句只包含一个主谓结构.2. 五种简单句:1) 主+谓. He comes at last.2) 主+系+表. She is a teacher.The soup tastes nice.3) 主+谓+宾. They reached the village.4) 主+谓+间宾+直宾. He gave me a pen.5) 主+谓+宾+宾补. I find that book very useful.考点二 并列句并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句，用连词连接起来。常用的连接词有：1. 表示顺承关系的：and, not onlybut also（不仅.
2、而且.）等。She _ gave us a lot of advice, _ helped us to overcome difficulties.Linda tried to become an excellent teacher, _ at last she succeeded.2. 表示选择关系和否定条件的有 or（还是，否则） Do you want to leave now _ would you rather set off later?Wear your coat, _ youll catch a cold.3. 表示转折关系的有 but, yet 等。He is young,
3、but he works hard.虽然他年轻，但工作努力。4. 表示因果关系的有 for, so 等。My leg hurts so I go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼，因此我去看医生。考点三 主从复合句：宾语从句1. 宾语从句的引导词（1）引导陈述句用 that(在口语和非正式文体中常常省略)He tells me (that ) he is going shopping this Sunday.(2) 引导一般疑问句用 if 或 whether.She asked me if whether she could join us. (whetheror not)(3) 引
4、导特殊疑问句，要用原来的特殊疑问词。She asked them what they were doing.2. 宾语从句的语序 ：要用陈述句语序。I want to know when the train left.3. 宾语从句的时态（1）主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句，宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态。He tells us that he has been able to look after himself.(2) 主句是过去时态，宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态。They said that they had already finished the work.(3) 如果宾
5、语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，不管主句用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。He said that light travels faster than sound.考点四 状语从句2一、状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等。1.地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由 where 引导。Put all the things _they were.A. where B. when C. whose D. which2.时间状语从句(主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时 )时间状语从句的引导词有 when, before, after, until, as soon as, sinc
6、e, while, as 等She was cooking when someone knock at the door.What will you do after you finished your homework?3.条件状语从句在条件状语从句中，常用的引导词有 if, unless 等。If it dosent rain, I” ll go fishing.They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday.4.原因状语从句原因状语从句常用的引导词有 because, as, since（既然）等He didnt come beca
7、use he was ill.Since we are students, we should study hard.*Because 和 so 不能在一个句子中同时使用 。5. 结果状语从句结果状语从句主要由 sothat, suchthat引导。Its so hot that we want to go swimming.Thats such an interesting story that everybody likes it.*So that与简单句之间的句型转换1） that 后的句子是否定句，常用 tooto 进行转换。He is so young that he cant go
8、 to school. he is too young to go to school.2) that 后的句子是肯定句。常用 enough to 进行转换。The shirt was so cheap that he bought it. the shirt was cheap enough for him to buy.6.目的状语从句目的状语从句常用的引导词有 so that, in order that 等 in order to 简单句Please say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it.He works harder
9、in order that he can go to a good college.7. 让步状语从句引导词有 though, although, even if, even though(尽管)等。He often helps others though although he is not rich.They will stand by you even if you dont succeed.*Though, although 与 but 不能同时出现在一个句子中8.比较状语从句比较状语从句由 than, asas, not asso as 等引导。(比较级)He is more out
10、going than I.He ran as fast as Mike.考点五 定语从句修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词（关系代词和关系副词） 。31.关系代词的基本用法作主语 作宾语 作定语指人 whothat whowhomthat省略 whose指物 whichthat whichthat省略 whose The man _spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. (指人作主语)The building _is being built will be used as a hospital.(指物
11、作主语)I visited a scientist _ name is known all over the world. （指人作定语）2. 关系代词特殊用法(1）当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。He is one of the boys who _ (like) playing football.He is the only one of the boys who_ (like) playing football.(2) 通常以下四种情况关系代词只能用 that 而不能用 which.1) 先行词为 all, much, something, everythi
12、ng, nothing, little, none, the one 等不定代词时2）先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。3）当先行词被 the only, the very, the just 等修饰时。4）先行词中既有人又有物时。3. 关系副词的基本用法。1） when 在句中作状语，表示时间。2) where 在句中作状语，表示地点。.3) why 在句中作状语，表示原因。He remembers the day _ he joined the League.This is the reason_ he is late today.This is the place _ Lu Xun was b
13、orn.练习一、用括号内所给的动词的适当形式填空。1. Mrs. Wang said that she _(buy) a new car the next day.2. Our English teacher told us that Christmas _(be) on December 25.3. Ill tell you as soon as Kate _(come) here.4. Could you tell me when your father _(go) to New York? When he _(go) there, well see him off.5. Home wit
14、h Kids is one of the TV sitcoms that _(make) us laugh again and again.二、单项选择1. Could you please keep the windows_? Its so hot in the room.a. open b. opens c. opened d. opening2. Work hard, _ youll fall behind your classmates.a. and b. but c. or d. so3. Ben asked me _ I had read the news in todays ne
15、wspaper.a. that b. if c. what d. when4. - Can you tell me _?- Of course. He comes from Japan.a. where does he come from b. where is he fromc. where he comes from d. where he wants to go 45. Cathy likes comedies, _ theyre very funny.a. if b. so c. because d. until 6. His brother has been to Stone For
16、est twice_ he came to Yunnan.a. after b. before c. since d. for7. They piled the snow in one place _ the children could make a snowman.a. so that b. when c. because d. until8. -I wont go to the party tomorrow.-_ you told me you would. Whats happening?a. But b. So c. And d. Or9. Mr. Brown knows littl
17、e Japanese, _ he cant understand the instructions on the bottle of the pills.a. so b. or c. but d. for10. You will be late _ you hurry up.a. after b. when c. unless d. if11. Some people like to play mahjong, _ others dont.a. when b. while c. as d. since12. _ he is young, _ he knows several languages
18、.a. Though, but b. Because, so c. Though, d. Because,13. This is the most interesting book_ Ive read before.a. that b. which c. who d. a&b14. This is the room in _Chairman Mao lived.a. that b. which c. who d. whom15. August 1. 1927 was the day _ the PLA was founded.a. that b. which c. where d. when1
19、6. I like the place _ I can have a good time.a. that b. which c. where d. when三、写出下列句子的同义词，每空一词。1. The foreigners want to know how they can learn Chinese kung fu well.The foreigners want to know _ _ learn Chinese kung fu well.2. When does the train leave? I want to know.I want to know _the train _3.
20、 “Do you want to try something new?” Toms mother asked him.Tom mother asked him_ _ _ to try something new.4. You must be quick. If not, youll miss the early bus._ quick , _ you will miss the early bus.5. Jims mother let him watch TV after he finished his homework.Jims mother_ let him watch TV_ he fi
21、nished his homework.6. You shouldnt tell him your address, I think.I _ think you _ tell him your address.7. He ran so fast that we couldnt catch up with him.He ran _ fast _ _ _ catch up with.8. This shirt was so cheap that be could buy it.This shirt was _ _ _ _ _ buy.9. He worked hard so that he could make more money.5He worked hard_ _ _ make more money.10. Because it snowed heavily, the traffic had to stop.The traffic had to stop _ _ the _ snow.
