1、The Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设,该语法主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于主语从句、 表语从句、宾语从句等。通常有三种情况： 与过去事实相反。与现在事实相反。与将来事实可能相反。,虚拟语气,例： If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. 如果我昨天来，就会看见他了。,If you had got up earlier, you could have caught thetrain. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。,与过去相反,If they had studied hard, they c
2、ould have done it easily that day.,1.如果他们以前努力学习的话，那天干的就会容易些。,2.如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。,If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt have done it much better like this.,If I _time last night,I _ to see thefilm with you .,had had,would have gone,If he more carefully,he the car accident yesterday.,had drive
3、n,would not have had,If I how to swim,I trapped in this island.,had learnt,would not have been,If the staff had been more careful,the mall would not be on fire now.,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间, 这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同, 这叫做混合条件句.,例句中从句与过去事实相反, 主句与现在事实相反,If you had asked him yesterday, you wouldknow what to do
4、now.,例： If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.,If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.,had HIV,would feel,were,would be,与现在相反,What would you do if you won the lottery? If I won the lottery, I would,If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car.,If I had a lot of
5、money,I would buy a villa.,If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.,If it were fine now,I would go shopping.,If I _a teacher, I.,were,1.If the teacher asked me to solve the problem next time, I could try my best.,2.If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try agai
6、n.,3.If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.,与将来相反,如果你成功了，一切都会好起来。,If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.,If he got up early,he would be on time,wish,In Subjunctive mood,虚拟
7、语气的特殊用法：,1,I wish I were as tall as you.,I wish I were a bird.,I wish every day were my birthday.,I wish / wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.,I wish it would rain tomorrow.,另外,Demand Suggest Order Propose Request Command Insist etc,+(should ) do,表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等,2,as if / as though,He behaves as
8、 if he owned the house.,( But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.),He talks about Rome as though he had been there himself.,主语从句中的虚拟语气,在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 例句 Its necessary that
9、we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 Its natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。,3,虚拟语气几个特例,1. if only 意为：若是.那该多好啊; 真希望.; 只要, 只要.就好表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态 If only I had arrived in time!If only she didnt drive so f
10、ast.2. Its (high/right) time thatthat 从句要用虚拟语气：过去时或should + doIts time that you left/should leave here.,3. 一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), 等表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气 Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.But for my brothers help, I would not have finished it on time.
11、I had to do sth.more important,otherwise I might have helped.,虚拟语气几个特例,Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missedC. would miss D. missed 2.It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy. He would be still alive today if he _ that drug. A.not take B.shouldnt ha
12、ve taken C.didnt take D.hadnt taken,Exercises,3. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well.A. get B. getting C. got D. should get 4. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.A. had been B. were C. was D. been,5. Have you ever been to Beiji
13、ng?- No, but I wish I _.A. have B. will C. do D. had 6.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken,7.(2002上海高考题)It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda
14、Cox Library in my hometown. A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall,8.If it _ so hard，wed go to town. A.isnt raining B.werent raining C.doesnt rain D.has rain 9.I wish I _ you yesterday. A.saw B.did see C.had seen D.were to see,10.His silence at the meeting suggested that
15、 he _ to your plan. A.didnt agree B.hadnt agreed C.wouldnt agree D.not agree 11.The father insisted his daughter _ a rich man. A.would be engaged to B.be engaged to C.should engaged to D.must be engaged to,12.You _ earlier.The bus left a moment ago. A.would come B.should have come C.must come D.could have come13.She made a suggestion that the plan _ carefully. A.be considered B.was considered C.should consider D.would beconsidered,The end,
