1、 WORD 资料.可编辑 专业技术.整理分享 The human nose is an underrated tool.Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,1 this is largely because,2 animals,we stand upright.This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air,4 the majority of smells w
2、hich stick to surfaces.In fact5,we are extremely sensitive to smells,6 we do not generally realize it.Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.Strangely,some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,9 others are sens
3、itive to the smells of both flowers.This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose.These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain.However,it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can su
4、ddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary.This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simp
5、ly do not need to be.We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone elses.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke,which might indicate the danger of fire.1.Aalthough Bas Cbut Dwhile2.A
6、above Bunlike Cexcluding Dbesides3.Alimited Bcommitted Cdedicated Dconfined4.Acatching Bignoring Cmissing Dtracking5.Aanyway Bthough Cinstead Dtherefore6.Aeven if Bif only Conly if Das if7.Adistinguishing Bdiscovering Cdetermining Ddetecting8.Adiluted Bdissolved Cdetermining Ddiffused9.Awhen Bsince
7、Cfor Dwhereas10.Aunusual Bparticular Cunique Dtypical11.Asigns Bstimuli Cmessages Dimpulses12.Aat first Bat all Cat large Dat times13.Asubjected Bleft Cdrawn DexposedWORD 资料.可编辑 专业技术.整理分享 14.Aineffective Bincompetent Cinefficient Dinsufficient15.Aintroduce Bsummon Ctrigger Dcreate16.Astill Balso Cot
8、herwise Dnevertheless17.Asure Bsick Caware Dtired18.Atolerate Brepel Cneglect Dnotice19.Aavailable Breliable Cidentifiable Dsuitable20.Asimilar to Bsuch as Calong with Daside fromWORD 资料.可编辑 专业技术.整理分享 The homeless make up a growing percentage of Americas population.1 homelessness has reached such pr
9、oportions that local government cant possibly 2.To help homeless people 3 independence,the federal government must support job training programs,4 the minimum wage,and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless.Estimates 6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 mil
10、lion.7 the figure may vary,analysts do agree on another matter:that the number of the homeless is 8,one of the federal governments studies 9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasin
11、gly difficult.11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night,a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street.Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs.And a significant number o
12、f the homeless have serious mental disorders.Many others,14 not addicted or mentally ill,simply lack the everyday15 skills needed to turn their lives 16.Boston Globe reporter Chris Reedy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless
13、.18 Edward Zlotkowski,director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,19 it.“There has to be 20 of programs.What we need is a package deal.“1.AIndeed BLikewise CTherefore DFurthermore2.Astand Bcope Capprove Dretain3.Ain Bfor Cwith Dtoward4.Araise Badd Ctake Dkeep5.AGenerally BAlmos
14、t CHardly DNot6.Acover Bchange Crange Ddiffer7.ANow that BAlthough CProvided DExcept that8.Ainflating Bexpanding Cincreasing Dextending9.Apredicts Bdisplays Cproves Ddiscovers10.Aassist Btrack Csustain Ddismiss11.AHence BBut CEven DOnly12.Alodging Bshelter Cdwelling Dhouse13.Asearching Bstrolling Cc
15、rowding DwanderingWORD 资料.可编辑 专业技术.整理分享 14.Awhen Bonce Cwhile Dwhereas15.Alife Bexistence Csurvival Dmaintenance16.Aaround Bover Con Dup17.Acomplex Bcomprehensive Ccomplementary Dcompensating18.ASo BSince CAs DThus19.Aputs Binterprets Cassumes Dmakes20.Asupervision Bmanipulation Cregulation Dcoordin
16、ationWORD 资料.可编辑 专业技术.整理分享 By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations.The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future.Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism,many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representativ
17、e government,careers 4 to talent,freedom of commerce and trade,the 5 to private property,and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states,large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of law
18、s.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church,9,there was less agreement 10 the leadership.Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown.12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states,some sought to
19、end the 14 of other faiths.The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian,valuing equality of everything.Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he libe
20、rated.By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spains 17 colonies.Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19.Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of th
21、e population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1.Anatives Binhabitants Cpeoples Dindividuals2.Aconfusedly Bcheerfully Cworriedly Dhopefully3.Ashared Bforgot Cattained Drejected4.Arelated Bclose Copen Ddevoted5.Aaccess Bsuccession Cright Dreturn6.APresumable BIncidentally CObviously DGenerally7.Aunique
22、Bcommon Cparticular Dtypical8.Afreedom Borigin Cimpact Dreform9.Atherefore Bhowever Cindeed Dmoreover10.Awith Babout Camong Dby11.Aallowed Bpreached Cgranted Dfunded12.ASince BIf CUnless DWhileWORD 资料.可编辑 专业技术.整理分享 13.Aas Bfor Cunder Dagainst14.Aspread Binterference Cexclusion Dinfluence15.Asupport
23、Bcry Cplea Dwish16.Aurged Bintended Cexpected Dpromised17.Acontrolling Bformer Cremaining Doriginal18.Aslower Bfaster Ceasier Dtougher19.Acreated Bproduced Ccontributed Dpreferred20.Apuzzled by Bhostile to Cpessimistic about Dunprepared forWORD 资料.可编辑 专业技术.整理分享 The idea that some groups of people ma
24、y be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name.But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway.He is that 2 bird,a scientist who works independently 3 any institution.He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were ac
25、tually infections,which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he,however,might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do.Together with another two scientists,he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others,but explains the pr
26、ocess that has brought this about.The group in 8 are a particular people originated from central Europe.The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test,9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100,and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West,as the 1
27、2 of their elites,including several world-renowned scientists,13 hey also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases,such as breast cancer.These facts,14 ave previously been thought unrelated.The former has been 15 social effects,such as a strong tradition of 16 ucati
28、on.The latter was seen as a(an)17 genetic isolation.Dr.Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately18 is argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 em to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 ate of affairs.1.Aselected Bprepared Cobliged D
29、pleased2.Aunique Bparticular Cspecial Drare3.Aof Bwith Cin Dagainst4.Asubsequently Bpresently Cpreviously Dlately5.AOnly BSo CEven DHence6.Athought Bsight Ccost Drisk7.Aadvises Bsuggests Cprotests Dobjects8.Aprogress Bfact Cneed Dquestion9.Aattaining Bscoring Creaching Dcalculating10.Anormal Bcommon
30、 Cmean Dtotal11.Aunconsciously Bdisproportionately Cindefinitely Dunaccountably12.Amissions Bfortunes Cinterests DcareersWORD 资料.可编辑 专业技术.整理分享 13.Aaffirm Bwitness Cobserve Dapprove14.Amoreover Btherefore Chowever Dmeanwhile15.Agiven up Bgot over Ccarried on Dput down16.Aassessing Bsupervising Cadmin
31、istering Dvaluing17.Adevelopment Borigin Cconsequence Dinstrument18.Alinked Bintegrated Cwoven Dcombined19.Alimited Bsubjected Cconverted Ddirected20.Aparadoxical Bincompatible Cinevitable DcontinuousWORD 资料.可编辑 专业技术.整理分享 Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans a
32、re.1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmers piece in the Science Times on Tuesday.Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives.This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer,that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence,it 5
33、,is a high-priced option.It takes more upkeep,burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning-a 7 process-instead of instinct.Plenty of other species are able to learn,and one of the things theyve apparently learned is when to 8.Is there an adaptive value to 9 intellig
34、ence?Thats the question behind this new research.I like it.Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species weve left in the dust I.Q.-wise,it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be.This is 12 the mind of every animal Ive ever met.Research on animal intelligence a
35、lso makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance.Every cat with an owner,14,is running a small scale study in operant conditioning.We believe that 15 animals ran the labs,they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience,our faithfulness,our memory for terrain
36、.They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17,not merely how much of it there is.18,they would hope to study a 19 question:Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?20 the results are inconclusive.1.ASuppose BConsider CObserve DImagine2.Atended Bfeared Chappened Dthrea
37、tened3.Athinner Bstabler Clighter Ddimmer4.Atendency Badvantage Cinclination Dpriority5.Ainsists on Bsums up Cturns out Dputs forward6.Aoff Bbehind Cover Dalong7.Aincredible Bspontaneous Cinevitable Dgradual8.Afight Bdoubt Cstop Dthink9.Ainvisible Blimited Cindefinite Ddifferent10.Aupward Bforward C
38、afterward Dbackward11.Afeatures Binfluences Cresults Dcosts12.Aoutside Bon Cby Dacross13.Adeliver Bcarry Cperform DapplyWORD 资料.可编辑 专业技术.整理分享 14.Aby chance Bin contrast Cas usual Dfor instance15.Aif Bunless Cas Dlest16.Amoderate Bovercome Cdetermine Dreach17.Aat Bfor Cafter Dwith18.AAbove all BAfter
39、 all CHowever DOtherwise19.Afundamental Bcomprehensive Cequivalent Dhostile20.ABy accident BIn time CSo far DBetter stillWORD 资料.可编辑 专业技术.整理分享 In 1924 Americas National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the H
40、awthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting workers productivity.Instead,the studies ended giving their name to the“Hawthorne effect“,the extremely influential idea that the very to being experimented upon changed subjects behavior.The idea arose because of the beha
41、vior of the women in the Hawthorne plant.According to of the experiments,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased,but also when it was dimmed.It did not what was done in the experiment;something was changed,productivity rose.A(n)that they were being experimented upon seemed to be to alte
42、r workers behavior itself.After several decades,the same data were to econometric the analysis.Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store the descriptions on record,no systematic was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conduct
43、ing the experiments may be have let to interpretation of what happed.,lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday,output rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days.,a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentati
44、on showed that output always went up on Monday,workers to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case,before a plateau and then slackening off.This suggests that the alleged“Hawthorne effect“is hard to pin down.1.Aaffected Bachieved Cextracted Drestored2.Aat Bup Cwith Doff3.Atruth Bsight Cact Dproof4.Acontroversial Bperplexing Cmischievous Dambiguous5.Arequirements Bexplanations Caccounts Dassessments6.Aconclude Bmatter Cindicate Dwork7.Aas far as Bfor fear that Cin case that Dso long as8.Aawareness Bexpectation Csentiment Dillusion9.As
