1、非谓语动词,分类：to do - 不定式 doing 动名词现在分词 done 过去分词,注：使用非谓语动词也要考虑时态语态，（除了过去分词）,非谓语动词的使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个谓语动词，在没有连词的情况下，还有别的动词出现时，例如：,She got off the bus, _(leave)her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but_ (leave) her handbag on her seat.,leaving,left,现在，我们简要回顾其主要考点：,非谓语动词的句法功能,一. 不定式,1. 不定式的时态和语态：,t
2、o do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,无,We plan to pay a visit. The teacher ordered the work to be done. The boy pretended to be working hard. I happened to have seen the film.,Read and think:,2. 不定式的用法：,2.1 -It is silly of you _ all eggs in one basket. - That was the worst mist
3、ake Ive ever made. to put B. to have put C. putting D. having put,B,2.1 不定式做主语。,2.2 My job was to wash bottles, which would then be filled with wine, or _ the filled bottles. to put B. putting C. having put D. being put,A,2.2 不定式作表语。,有些动词之后常跟to do作宾语，此类动词有如agree, offer, intend/plan, demand/ask, prom
4、ise, help, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish/hope/want/expect, fail, pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, claim, aim, hesitate等,2.3 不定式作宾语,同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙 准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望 不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心坚 恳求安排买得起，生成目标不犹豫,2.3 Mr. Smith warned his daughter _ after drinking. never to drive B. to never drive C.
5、never driving D. never drive,A,2.4 不定式作宾补。常用在ask, tell, expect, encourage, advise, order, inspire等词后,注意：有些动词后接不带to的不定式做宾补 ， 五看：watch, look at, see, observe, notice 三使：let, make , have 两听：hear, listen to 一感觉：feeleg：I saw him _ (walk) into the park.His mother made him _(get) up early in winter.,walk,g
6、et,He was seen _ (walk) into the park.,to walk,动词不定式可用在被the first，the second，the last，the only和最高级等限定的名词或代词的后面作定语。 He is always the first to come and the last to leave school. We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. I have a meeting to attend. There are a lot of work to do. The
7、 ability to communicate with others well is very important in the society.,2.5 作定语。,1(2010重庆卷)Many buildings in the city need repairing，but the one_first is the library. Arepaired Bbeing repaired Crepairing Dto be repaired2. I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term.A. completing B. to
8、complete C. completed D. being completed,D,B,不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句，不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。 1不定式用来作目的状语：往往译作“为了，想要”。放在句中不用逗号隔开 He worked day and night to get the money.,2.6 作状语。,1. He is too tired to get up early.,2不定式用于too.to；only to do等结构中作结果状语。,Translate：他太疲惫了而不能早起。2.他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告诉所有的票已经卖完了。,2. He
9、hurried to the booking office_ all the tickets had been sold out.,only to be told,3. 不定式做原因状语常用于一些表情绪的形容词后，例如 happy, glad, pleased, sad, sorry, disappointed等,1.They were very sad to hear the news. 2. Im sorry to trouble you.,Translate: 他们听到这个消息很悲伤。 我很抱歉麻烦你。,二. 动名词,1. 动名词的时态和语态：,doing,being done,havi
10、ng done,having been done,My hobby is swimming. He came to the party without being invited.,It is a waste of + n. + (in) doing sth.,It is little/no good/use doing sth.,It is useless doing sth.,2.动名词的用法：,2.1 作主语。,2.2. 以下动词用动名词作宾语：,avoid , miss, postpone, advise, finish, practise, enjoy, imagine, cant
11、help, admit, deny, envy, escape, risk, excuse, stand, keep ,mind,避免错过少延期，建议完成多练习 喜欢想象禁不住，承认否定与嫉妒 逃避冒险莫原谅，忍受保持不介意,不定式作宾语和动名词作宾语的区别：,I.有些词跟to do和doing作宾语时，区别不大，如like, love, hate, prefer, continue, begin, start 。,II.区别以下结构：,try to do/doing,mean to do/doing,stop to do/doing,go on to do/doing,remember/ f
12、orget/ regret to do/ doing,1. Im sorry I forgot _ your dictionary. Lets borrow one from Li Ming. A. to take B. taking C. to bring D. bringing 2. My brother regretted _ a lecture given by Professor Liu. not attending B. not to attending C. attended D. being attended,C,A,三、 分 词,现在分词表示正在进行或主动的意义，而过去分词表
13、示被动或已经完成的意义。,falling leaves the rising sun fallen leaves the risen sun boiling water developing countries boiled water developed countries,1. 分词的基本意义：,1.2分词的时态和形式,doing,being done,having done,having been done,过去分词只有一种形式 done,3.1.1 现在分词作定语，表主动意义；,3.1.2 过去分词作定语，表被动完成意义；,Eg：There are two roads before u
14、s，one leading to the beach，the other to the park. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit grown on his own farm.,1.A few days after the interviewI received a letter me admission to the university. Aoffering Boffered Chaving offered Dto be offered 2.Its reported that the bridge _ next yea
15、r will be very long.A. being built B. building C. to be built D. built 3. Black boxes, _ to record Flight data together with pilots conversation and noises from the aircraft, are important for people to find out the cause of an air crash. design B. designing C. designed D. were designed,A,C,C,3.2 分词
16、作表语,I am surprised to hear the news. The news is surprising.,3.2 分词作宾补,We heard him singing the song when we came in. We have heard the song sung twice. We heard him sing the song all day long.,1.The missing boys were last seen near the river. Aplaying Bto be playing Cplay Dto play 2.The next mornin
17、g she found the man in bed, dead.Alying Blie Clay DLaying 3.Because of my poor English Im afraid I cant make myself _. understand B. be understood C. understood D. understanding,A,A,C,3.4.1 We often provide our children with toys , footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. thi
18、nking B. think C. to think D. thought,A,3.4.1 现分作状语，主动，表原因。,3.4 分词作状语：,3.4.2 _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without the many similarities. Compared B. Being compared C. Comparing D. Having compared,C,3.4.2 现分作状语，主动， 表时间。,3.4.3 Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and
19、help me with this table. A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing,C,3.4.3 现分作状语，主动，表伴随。,3.4.4 _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. Having given B. To giveC. Giving D. Given,D,3.4.4过分作状语，被动，表条件。,3.4.5 A lot of good land has gone with them, _ only sand. to leave B. leaving C. left D. being leavi
20、ng,B,3.4.5 现分作状语， 主动，表结果。,*to do 也表结果,如：,e.g. He hurried to the station only to find the train gone.,区别：,不定式表预料之外的结果； 现分表自然的结果。,四 归纳非谓语动词的作用及形式,非谓语动 词形式,不定式,动名词,分词,主,宾,表,定,状,补,不定式,动名词,现分,过分,to do doing doing done,to be doing,to have done having done having done,to be done being done being done,to ha
21、ve been done having been done having been done,五 独立主格结构,1. 分词的独立主格：,The meeting _ over, he went to pick up his son directly. A. to be B. is C. was D. being,D,分词在句中作状语时，可以有自己的逻辑主语，由名词或代词的主格充当，置于分词前，这种结构称为分词的独立主格结构。它不是句子，因为没有实际的主语和谓语，表时间，原因，条件或方式。,1.1 _, well go out for a walk. Weather permits B. Weat
22、her to permit C. Weather permitted D. Weather permitting,D,1.2 Tom looked a t Jenny, tears _ his eyes, and shouted out the words _ in his heart for years. filling; having been hidden filled; hidden C. filling; hiddenD. filled; hiding,C,1.3 Everything _ into consideration, they ought to have another
23、chance. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking,B,More:,He guiding the blind girl, they walked slowly across the street.,She lay against the wall, the sun shining upon her face.,4.The party will be held in the garden, weather . A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit 5.Film has a much sh
24、orter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting. A. having compared to B. comparing to C. compare to D. compared to 6._ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use 7._ at the door before you enter my room, please. A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked
25、D. To knock,A,D,C,A,六 with复合结构,1.With two exams _, I have to work really hard this weekend. worry about B.to worry about C. worried about D. worrying about 2.With more and more forests_ ,some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out . A. damaged B. being damaged C. to be damaged D. dama
26、ging 3.I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _. A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on,B,A,A,1.Tony lent me the money, _ that Id do as much for him. A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped 2._to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked3. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _at the meeting will influence the future of our company. A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made,A,A,A,practice,
