1、“冲刺 710”英语四级强化训练之翻译专题讲义- 1 -重点六 情态动词I. 考点分析情态动词是一项非常重要的语法考点。在考试中大多与虚拟语气放在一起，有时也会单独出现，请特别注意以下几点：1. 用于表示判断的情态动词。表示肯定判断的有 must, may/might，表示否定判断的用 cant 或couldnt。cant/couldnt have done sth: 表示对过去情况断然否定must + have +done ：表示对过去情况的一种肯定的推测与判断may(might) + have + done：表示对已发生的事情的不太肯定的推测。might 比 may 语气弱，表示把握更小。
2、should(ought to)+ have + done：肯定句表示过去本应发生的事却没有发生；否定句表示不该发生的事却发生了。could + have + done：有时表示过去的时间，说明某事可能已发生，有时也表示过去本来可以作的事却未作。e.g. -Can she have gone to school?-No, she cant have gone to school. I saw her just now.He could have been very rich, but he cared for no money at all.neednt + have + done：表示本不必
3、做的事却做了。Would (not ) have done 表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”“冲刺 710”英语四级强化训练之翻译专题讲义- 2 -e.g. If there hadnt been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harvest now. Without your help, I wouldnt have achieved so much.2. 情态动词也可以和动词的进行形式构成谓语，表示应当正在作某事，或想必正在作某事或即将、将要做某事。You oughtnt to be talking so much. H
4、e cant be swimming all day.3. 情态动词也可和动词的完成进行式构成谓语，表示应当一直在做某事或想必一直在做某事。You must have been overdoing things a bit. You should have been waiting for us.Exercises: 1. Some women _(本来能够挣一份可观的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family. could have made a g
5、ood salary2. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _ may have done _ (可能做过什么)during the day.3. You _ couldnt have seen _(不可能见过她) in her “冲刺 710”英语四级强化训练之翻译专题讲义- 3 -office last Friday, shes been out of town for two weeks. With all this work on hand, h
6、e _ shouldnt have gone to the cinema _(不该去看电影) last night.5. Marys score on the test is the highest in her class, she _ must have studied very hard _(肯定很努力学习 )6. You _ neednt have done _(本来不必进行) all those calculations. We have a computer to do that sort of thing.重点七 比较结构）. 比较结构的修饰语修饰 asas 结构的有：nearl
7、y, almost, exactly, twice, (three) times, not nearly, not half, nothing like, by no means, nowhere near, quite 等词，这些修饰语无一例外地置于 asas 结构之前。修饰 more than 结构的有：far, even, many, much, still, a lot, a (little) bit, rather, slightly, (three) times, not any 等词，这些修饰语一般置于 more than 结构之前。修饰最高级结构的有：by far, much,
8、 easily, nearly, almost, not quite, not really, by no means, nothing like, nowhere near, nest, second, third, yet, ever 等，这些修饰语位置各有不同，可前，可中，可后。“冲刺 710”英语四级强化训练之翻译专题讲义- 4 -）. 当 more than 结构表示“与其说不如说”时，是同一物在不同性质上的对比。He is more big than strong.He is more brave than wise.这种句子肯定前者，与 less than 恰好相反。He was
9、 less hurt than frightened. (=He was more frightened than hurt.)注：在此种特殊结构中，more 必不可少， 即使形容词是单音节。当 more than 表示“不止是：时，也是不同性质的比较。My trip to Beijing was more than sightseeing.He is more than happy about it.He more than complained: he threw the whole book of rules at me.另一个表示“与其说。不如说”：not so much.asMs B
10、rown complained that she was not so much a wife as a servant. Exercises 1. “Anne acts quite unfriendly.” “I think shes _ more shy than unfriendly_(与其说是不友好，不如说是腼腆)2. I was _ more annoyed than worried_(与其说是担心，不如“冲刺 710”英语四级强化训练之翻译专题讲义- 5 -说是恼火) when they didnt come home.3. I should say Henry is _ not
11、so much a writer _(与其说是个作家不如说是) as a reporter.4. Never before that night _ had I felt_(我意识到)the extent of my own power.5. Not until the game had begun _did he arrive at _(他才到达) the sports ground.6. We have been told that under no circumstances _may we use the telephone in the office_(用办公室电话) for personal affairs.7. Hardly _ had the helicopter landed _(飞机刚一着陆), when the waiting crowd ran toward it.8. Were _she to leave right now_（如果她立刻动身）, she would get there on Sunday.
