1、 1. disaster 2. compelled 3. historical 4. disciplined 5. destruction 6. output 7. retreat 8. abandoned 9. trace 10. eternal 11. investment 12. transfer 13. justify 14. nonetheless 15. contributions 16. accelerate 17. threaten1. show signs of 2. called upon 3. off limits 4. in fear of 5. slow down 6
2、. cut down 7. from head to foot 8. come by 9. lost out 10. As yet 11. reside insmoke + fog; web + log; breakfast + lunch ;medical + care ;motor + hotel; net + citizen ;science + fiction; work + alcoholicAnthropology: the scientific study of the human race, especially of its origins, development, cus
3、toms and beliefsArchaeology: the study of the buried remains of the ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools, and weaponsEcology: the study of the relations of plants, animals, and people to each other and to their surroundingsGeology: the study of rocks, soils, etc. which make up the Earth, and o
4、f their changes during the history of the worldIdeology: a set of ideas that an economic or political system is based onMusicology: the study of the history and theory of musicPsychology: the scientific study of the mind and how it influences behaviourSociology: the scientific study of the nature an
5、d development of society and social behaviourZoology: the scientific study of animals and their behaviour1. collective individual2. consistent contradictory3. constructive destructive4. irrational rational5. modern primitive6. natural synthetic 7. nearby distant8. optimistic pessimistic9. replaceabl
6、e irreplaceable10. small enormous1. She wished us health and success in the new year. 2. He asked how we were getting along with our work. 3. Jack said to me that I would be happy to know that his condition had improved. 4. Rose asked Jack whether he was sure his mother would like the idea. 5. He as
7、ked John how long he had been waiting for them. 6. She said I neednt have done all that myself./1. The strikers protested to the police that they had no right to arrest them. 2. He promised that he would give us whatever assistance we needed. 3. He agreed (that) that was the best solution to the pro
8、blem. 4. My sister admitted that it was she who had broken the glass. 5. He declared that he meant what he said and would never go back on his word. 6. The man insisted that we give an explanation of what had happened. 7. Mrs. Dont complained that no one showed concern for the elderly in that countr
9、y. 8. The sales manager explained that he couldnt give us a definite answer because he had not received instructions from his company.(1) realm (2) elemental (3) obtain (4) stubbornly (5) transferred (6) transformed (7) subdued (8) expansion (9) irreplaceable (10) extinct (11) dynamic (12) verge (13
10、) moderate (14) ecological (15) rational1. The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear of attacks from the enemy. 2. In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power. 3. This company has evolved into one of the major chemical manuf
11、acturing bases in this region. 4. Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued. 5. The governments call for suggestions about the control of water pollution produced very little response from the citizens. 6. The weather showed no signs of getti
12、ng better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods. 7. At one time scientists thought that there was nothing smaller than an atom but now most people know that an atom consists of even smaller particles. 8. The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at
13、 least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV. 9. The department store lost out because loans were very hard to come by and it could not start business on time. 10. We cant go there for a walk because there is a navy base there, which is off limits to tourists.Human brings live in the r
14、ealm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows. Human beings are connected with nature by “blood“ ties. No one can live
15、outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed. Professor
16、 Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.My Understanding of Environmental ProtectionMan and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter. A harmonious relationship between
17、 man and However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now. As society develops, mans transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The
18、discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, human beings may be the next species
19、to become extinct. We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.U21）mas
20、s 2）gambled 3）voluntary 4）hunted 5）classified 6）abolished 7）division 8）senseless 9）fashions 10）coordination 11）declarations 12）spanned 13）recommended 14）moderately 15）slightest1）stands a chance 2）ruled out 3）worthy of 4）gone through 5）in the strict sense6）At a guess 7） earns a living 8）coincide with
21、 9）gone in for 10）got their teeth into（1）enjoy （2）physical （3）compelled （4）necessity （5）support（6）mental （7）idealize （8 ）status （9 ）values （10） classified（11） essential （12）mind （13）attitude （14 ）fortunate1、随着她个人生活的细节越来越多地被媒体披露出来，她不得不辞去公司总经理的职务。As more and more details of her private life were discl
22、osed by the media, she was compelled to resign her post as general manager (or: resign as general manager / resign from the post of general manager) of the company.2、她对自己的新工作很满意，因为这份工作正好与她的兴趣相符。She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3、我买了这件衬衣，因为它的价格从 300 元减到了 80 元。
23、I bought this shirt because the price was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan .4、为了把孩子们抚养成人，这位母亲真是历经了各种磨难。To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships. 5、警方在老太太的死亡案中已经排除了他杀的可能性。The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old ladys death.6、市政府承诺将尽快采取有效措施，解决空气污染
24、问题。The municipality (municipal government) promised to take effective steps as soon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7、因为腿部受伤，我没有参加上个月学校举行的网球锦标赛。I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because of my injured leg.8、要是能得到大多数女生支持的话，你赢得选举成为学生会主席的机会是很大的。If you
25、 can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.9、他写的书并非都像这一本这么成功，所以我建议你从图书馆把它借出来读一下。Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend that you borrow it from the library and read it
26、.10、在 2004 年雅典奥运会上刘翔打破男子 110 米栏（110-meter hurdles）世界纪录，获得冠军，这个纪录以前是由一个美国运动员保持的。At the 2004 Athens Polemic Games Tue Kiang won the championship of the mans 110-meter hurdle and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.U51）fortune 2）dull 3）chased 4）launched 5）finan
27、ce 6）reputation 7）liberty8）publicity 9）sufficiently 10）sympathy 11）target 12）educate 13）commerce14）alike 15）bored 16）audiences 17）regard 18）assure1）thrown out 2）and so on 3）for dear life 4）dedicate himself to 5）was tired of6）turn away 7）hang on 8）for the sake of (1)chase （2）reputation （3）dedicate （4
28、）reward （5）sufficiently （6）measured（7）assure （8）Momentary （9） celebrity （10）target （11）frank （12）liberty（13）illusory （14）regard1、他试图拯救这家濒临倒闭的企业，但失败了。He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the verge of collapse but failed.2、总统已经宣布，在第一个任期结束时不再谋求连任。The president has announced that he will not
29、 seek reelection at the end of his first term.3、那个年轻教师在激发学生努力学习方面很有技巧。The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.4、她喜欢举行社交聚会，只要能找到借口，她就随时举行。She loves giving parties and does so whenever she can find an excuse.5、要在这家公司找到一个管理职位，你恐怕至少要和 50 个人竞争。Im afraid that youll have to co
30、mpete with at least fifty people for an administrative post in this company.6、坦率的说，就算你对公司很忠诚，我觉得你得到提拔的机会也不大。To be frank, I dont think you stand a good chance of getting promoted even if you are loyal to the company.7、很显然，他的演讲激发了观众对地震灾难中受害者的极大同情。It was obvious that his speech aroused the sympathy of
31、the audience for the victims of the earthquake.8、尽管他反复向我保证他有能力推销我们公司的产品，但在雇佣他之前我还要再面试他一次。Though he has repeatedly assured me of his ability to promote our companys products, Ill give him another interview before hiring him.9、公司的投资之所以以失败而告终是由于总经理的决策错误，于是董事会（board of directors）觉定把他从公司赶出去。The companys
32、investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of the general manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.10、我知道你累了，不过再坚持一会儿吧。再过半个小时我们就要到达顶峰了。I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half an hour.U61）commonplace 2）end
33、uring 3）dim 4）command 5）imperfection 6)intensive7）abandon 8） finite 9）mean 10）weaving 11）additional 12）aspiration13）gratitude 14） endless 15）faithful 16）committed1）live on 2）dawned upon 3）live by 4）is invested with 5）hold fast to6）All too 7）step aside 8）set out 9）to and fro 10）work out（1）wither （2）s
34、ense （3）faithful （4）commit （5）aspirations（6）gratitude （7）dawns （8）accumulated （9）nourishment （10）preoccupied（11）flowers （12 ）tendered （13）weave （14）elevate1、这位驻联合国大使被授权代表本国政府，处理与该国相关的所有外交事务。The ambassador to the U.N. was invested with full authority to deal with all the foreign affairs concerning hi
35、s country on behalf of his government .2、在火车上我一直在想期末考试的结果，知道乘务员提醒我目的地已经到了。All the way on the train I had been preoccupied with the result of the term examination until the conductor reminded me of the arrival of my destination .3、虽然车祸死亡名单中有她丈夫的名字，但她仍不停在屋内走来走去，急切地盼望他早点回到家里。Although her husbands name
36、did not appear on the list of the people who got killed in the traffic accident , she kept walking to and fro , anxious to see him back home sooner .4、我正准备把合同翻译成英语，突然意识到合同涉及的双方都是中国公司。I was setting out to translate the contract into English when it dawned upon me that both parties involved were Chine
37、se companies .5、聚会上人们尽情地唱歌跳舞，把生活中的烦恼抛到了九霄云外。At the party , people sang and danced with abandon , totally forgetting the troubles in their lives .6、怀着做一名宇航员的强烈愿望，杰克逊全身心地投入到长达两年的艰苦体能训练之中。With the great aspirations to become an astronaut , Jackson committed himself to the 2-year strenuous constitution
38、training .7、他的油画取材于亘古永存的神话故事，反映了那个时期欧洲人的鉴赏趣味。His paintings ,drawing on timeless fairy stories ,exemplified the Europeans taste of that period .8、那个公共汽车司机不想承担事故责任，所以千方百计把责任对到乘客身上。The bus driver didnt want to take any responsibility for the accident and so he took every means to put the blame on the p
39、assengers on board .9、他不仅冒着生命危险把老人从熊熊燃烧的房子里救了出来，还把自家屋子腾出来让他住下。He not only risked his own life to save the old man from the burning house but made some room in his own house for him to settle down .10、她从小就努力按照父母的教导去生活，形成了一整套为人处事的行为准则。From childhood , she tried to live by the teachings of her parents
40、and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct .U71）Furnish 2）resolve 3）maintaining 4）discard 5）sanction 6）raise 7）strip8）bare 9）bargain 10）simplified 11）trade 12）downsize 13）numerous14）fraction 15）plain 16）thereby 17）rolling1）keeps track of 2）it turned out that 3）strip down to 4）take an in
41、terest in5）in return 6）is all of a piece 7） for good 8）write out 9)eat out 10）look back 11） cut out（1）luxuries （2）frugal （3）trading （4）curtail （5）splendid （6）hobbies（7）impulse （8）bare （9）wasteful （10）deny （11）deprivation （12）maintain（13）resolve （14）consumption1、她是一位很能干的家庭主妇，但喜欢凭一时冲动购物，厨房橱柜里总是堆满乱七八糟的
42、东西，最终还是会丢弃的。She is a very capable housewife but she likes to purchase things on impulse.Her kitchen cabinets are always full of clutter that will eventually be discarded.2、大学生应该有决心过节俭生活，不要和别人比阔气或追求时尚；要知道：钱这东西，只有积少才会成多。University students should have the resolve to live a frugal lifestyle and should
43、not try to keep up with the Joneses or follow trends and fads . They should know that only when you mind the pennies will the dollars take care of themselves .3、这对夫妻都是大公司的高层管理人员，忙得没有时间做饭，一星期至少有五天在外面吃饭。The couple are high-ranking executives of big companies . They eat out at least five days a week du
44、e to the lack of time for home cooking .4、这两处签名十分相似，即使是有经验的专家恐怕也难辨别出它们之间的差别。The two signatures appear all of a piece . Even experienced experts may find it difficult to identify any difference between them .5、杂志的编辑把附在文后的图片都删掉了，因为该文的长度只能限制在两页之内。The editor of the journal cut out all the pictures attac
45、hed to the article because the length of the article was restricted to only two pages .6、作为常务委员会成员，近三年来他一直在处理失业和交通问题。As a member of the standing committee , he has been tackling unemployment and traffic problems during the past three years .7、老人生前立下遗嘱，要把他一生的继续作为奖学金献给我们的学校。The old man made a will bef
46、ore his death , giving away all his savings to our school as scholarships , a decision sanctioned by his children .8、那个医生向他的病人保证，只要他连续服用这种药三个月，每日三次，他的病就彻底好了。The doctor assured his patient that if he took the medicine three times a day for three months without interruption , he would recover from the
47、 illness for good .9、回顾过去的经历时，我才意识到四年的大学说是我一生中最无忧无虑的时刻。Only when I looked back on my past experiences did I realize that my four-year period at university was the most care-free time in my life .10、要想在技术创新方面超过别人，我们必须时刻掌握科学技术领域所有的新思想和新发展。If we want to excel others in technological innovation , we mus
48、t keep track of all the new ideas and developments in the field of science and technology .U81）reflections 2） hastened 3）solitary 4）mystery 5）fancy 6） expenses 7）slender8）purchase 9）admission 10）subtle 11）betrayed 12）significance 13）possession14）procession 15）hints 16）conceal1）put off 2）was down to
49、her last 3）at length 4）all the way 5）counted for6）under his breath 7）ran riot 8）spent itself 9）beat back 10） drinking in11）out of work 12）on a full scholarship 13）There is no way（1）disaster （2）assured （3）hastened （4）gently （5）afflicted （6）tender（7）paralyzed （ 8）abandonment （9）subtle （10）possess （11）preception（12）procession （13）impose （14）travel-stained1、担心老太太受不了精神上的打击，警察在告诉她儿子在飞机失事中遇难的消息时尽量委婉。Fearing that she couldnt stand the blow, the police broke to the old woman as gently as possible the news of her sons death in the air crash.2、调查表明，那次车
