1、起航教育英语句子的基本成分一、句子的基本成分句子的基本成分有以下几种：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday .主语 谓语 定语 宾语 同位语 状语1、主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当，位于句首。Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词）She went out in a hurry.（代词）Four plus four is eight.（数词）To see is to believe.（不定式）Smoki
2、ng is bad for health.（动名词）The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子）找出下列句中的主语：1、The sun rises in the east. 2、Twenty years is a short time in history. 3、The poor are now living in the shelter. 4、Seeing is believing. 5、To see is to believe. 6、He likes dancing. 7、What he n
3、eeds is a book.8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.2、谓语：说明主语的动作或状态或特征。由动词或系动词加表语担任，常置于主语后。简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesnt seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。
4、 ）：1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.3、宾语：表示动作的对象或承受者。一般由名词或代词担当，常置于谓语后。Show your passport, please. （名词）She didnt say anything. （代词）How many do you want? - I want two. （数词）They sent the injured to hospital. （名词化的形容词）They asked to see my
5、 passport. （不定式）I enjoy working with you. （动名词）Did you write down what he said? （句子）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.He gave me some books.间接 直接宾语 宾语指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语：please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.找出下列句子的宾语部分：1. We often help him.2. He likes to play basketball.3. We en
6、joy listening to the music.4. She said that he felt sick.5. They are talking about the new student.4、表语：用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。一般由名词或形容词担任，置于系动词之后。He is a student.We are tired.注意：除了 be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词 : feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2)表转变变化的动词 : become, get, grow, turn, go 等
7、。3)表延续的动词 : remain, keep, hold, stay, rest 等。The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.That remains a puzzle.I dont feel at ease. 找出下列句中的表语。1. I am a teacher.2. They are on the playground.3. My job is teaching English.4. It gets cold.5. It sounds interes
8、ting.5、定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。The black bike is mine.（形容词）The boy in blue is Jim.（介词短语）I have nothing to do today.（动词不定式）His father works in a steel work.（名词）There are 54 students in our class.（数词）Do you known bettys sister?（名词所有格）He bought some sleeping pills.（动名词）There is a sleeping baby in bed
9、.（现在分词）His spoken language is good.（过去分词）注意： 1、当定语修饰不定代词如： nothing , anything , everything , something 等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如： I tell him something interesting. 2、不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：The boys who are in the room are playing games.定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is h
10、is sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?找出下列句子的定语。1. The black bike is mine.2. She is a chemistry teacher.3. The man in blue is my brother.4. The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.5. The lady who is weari
11、ng red dress is our new teacher.6、状语：用以修饰 adj. /v. /adv.及全句，位置灵活。1、修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；I am very sorry.2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.They are writing English in the classroom.3、一些表示不确定时间（如：often ）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于 be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。We often
12、 help him. He is always late for class.状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him
13、 an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.找出下列句中的状语1. We often help him.2. I really dont like the food.3. He did his homework carefully at home.4.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.5. When I grow up, I am going
14、 to be a doctor.7、宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.宾语补足语：和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上
15、的主谓关系。找出下列句子的宾语补足语：1. They elected John monitor.2. We call him Iron Ox.3. The doctor told me to do more exercise.4. They made her happy.5. He is going to have his hair cut.6. They saw a bird flying in the sky.8、同位语：同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面 , 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。We young people should respect the old.（名词）He himself will do the experiment.（代词）He is the oldest among them four.（数词）He told me the news that our team won the game.（从句）
