1、Unit 5Listen1-1Happiness is associated with smiling. But do we always smile when we are happy?During the Olympic Games in Barcelona in 1992, Spanish researchers analyzed the facial expressions of 22 gold medal winners at the medal ceremonies. The researchers were surprised to see that these medal wi
2、nners didnt smile very much. In fact, throughout the medal ceremonies, they smiled only about 10% of the time. But during the brief moment when the gold medal was actually put around their neck, the medal winners grinned about 70% of the time.The researchers interviewed the athletes they had watched
3、 to find out how they felt. All the winners interviewed said that they felt intensely happy throughout the ceremony.Despite the fact that they were profoundly happy, they didnt smile a great deal. The researchers concluded that smiling is not the automatic expression of happiness. The fact that the
4、gold medal winners smiled much more when they were actually being given their medals can be explained because, according to the Spanish researchers, smiling is a form of communication between individuals. The happy athletes were smiling at the people who were giving them their gold medals.Perhaps we
5、 can support the findings of the Spanish researchers by making some observations of our own behavior. When we are all alone, for example, do we smile to ourselves when we are happy? Probably not very often. If someone greets us with a friendly smile, do we respond with a smile? Yes, we probably do.
6、When a friend gives us a beautiful present, would we show our appreciation with a smile? Yes, of course. But if we are sitting alone watching television, do we smile at a commentator who smiles at us? Listen1-2Happiness is associated with smiling. But do we always smile when we are happy?During the
7、Olympic Games in Barcelona in 1992, Spanish researchers analyzed the facial expressions of 22 gold medal winners at the medal ceremonies. The researchers were surprised to see that these medal winners didnt smile very much. In fact, throughout the medal ceremonies, they smiled only about 10% of the
8、time. But during the brief moment when the gold medal was actually put around their neck, the medal winners grinned about 70% of the time.The researchers interviewed the athletes they had watched to find out how they felt. All the winners interviewed said that they felt intensely happy throughout th
9、e ceremony.Despite the fact that they were profoundly happy, they didnt smile a great deal. The researchers concluded that smiling is not the automatic expression of happiness. The fact that the gold medal winners smiled much more when they were actually being given their medals can be explained bec
10、ause, according to the Spanish researchers, smiling is a form of communication between individuals. The happy athletes were smiling at the people who were giving them their gold medals.Perhaps we can support the findings of the Spanish researchers by making some observations of our own behavior. Whe
11、n we are all alone, for example, do we smile to ourselves when we are happy? Probably not very often. If someone greets us with a friendly smile, do we respond with a smile? Yes, we probably do. When a friend gives us a beautiful present, would we show our appreciation with a smile? Yes, of course.
12、But if we are sitting alone watching television, do we smile at a commentator who smiles at us? Questions:1. What is the nationality of the researchers?2. How much of the time did the gold medal winners smile during the medal ceremonies?3. When did the athletes smile quite a lot?4. How did the gold
13、medal winners feel during the ceremony?5. According to the passage, on which of the following occasions would we most probably NOT smile?6. Which of the four statements is true according to the passage you have just heard?Listen2-1Interviewer: Good morning, Professor Sherwood. Thank you for acceptin
14、g our interview. Youve been doing research on happiness for many years, so Im sure you have some interesting information to share with our audience.Prof. Sherwood: Good morning. Thank you for inviting me. I hope I can answer your questions.Interviewer: I would like to start with a general question.
15、Are people in rich countries happier than people in not-so-rich countries?Prof. Sherwood: Well, I would say there is a relationship between national wealth and well-being. In other words, the economic wealth of a country does appear to reflect the overall well-being of its citizens. For instance, in
16、 Portugal, one in ten people reports being very happy, whereas in Holland, four in ten people say they are very happy.Interviewer: Does it mean that rich people in a country are happier than poor people?Prof. Sherwood: In some poor countries, satisfaction with ones financial situation does affect ha
17、ppiness. But once people are able to afford the basic necessities of life, having more money doesnt necessarily make them happier.Interviewer: What about rich places like Europe and the United States? Are income and happiness related?Prof. Sherwood: Very little. Rich people are only slightly happier
18、 than the average citizens. People whose income increases constantly are not any happier than people whose income doesnt increase.Interviewer: Im always wondering whether winning a lottery can bring happiness. Is there any research on that?Prof. Sherwood: Well, as a matter of fact, various studies s
19、how that lottery winners get only temporary joy.Interviewer: I guess wealth is like health. If you dont have your health or if youre extremely poor, you will be miserable.Prof. Sherwood: Yes, thats true. Happiness is wanting what we have rather than getting what we want.Interviewer: Thats a nice way
20、 of putting it. Well, in your opinion, do people become happier as their countries become richer?Prof. Sherwood: Well, if I take the case of the United States, from 1957 to 1996, the proportion of people who said they were very happy declined from 35% to 30%. But during that same period, the average
21、 income per person in the United States doubled.Interviewer: So, you mean that a steady increase in a countrys prosperity does not mean an increase in its peoples happiness.Prof. Sherwood: Thats right.Listen2-2Interviewer: Good morning, Professor Sherwood. Thank you for accepting our interview. Youv
22、e been doing research on happiness for many years, so Im sure you have some interesting information to share with our audience.Prof. Sherwood: Good morning. Thank you for inviting me. I hope I can answer your questions.Interviewer: I would like to start with a general question. Are people in rich co
23、untries happier than people in not-so-rich countries?Prof. Sherwood: Well, I would say there is a relationship between national wealth and well-being. In other words, the economic wealth of a country does appear to reflect the overall well-being of its citizens. For instance, in Portugal, one in ten
24、 people reports being very happy, whereas in Holland, four in ten people say they are very happy.Interviewer: Does it mean that rich people in a country are happier than poor people?Prof. Sherwood: In some poor countries, satisfaction with ones financial situation does affect happiness. But once peo
25、ple are able to afford the basic necessities of life, having more money doesnt necessarily make them happier.Interviewer: What about rich places like Europe and the United States? Are income and happiness related?Prof. Sherwood: Very little. Rich people are only slightly happier than the average cit
26、izens. People whose income increases constantly are not any happier than people whose income doesnt increase.Interviewer: Im always wondering whether winning a lottery can bring happiness. Is there any research on that?Prof. Sherwood: Well, as a matter of fact, various studies show that lottery winn
27、ers get only temporary joy.Interviewer: I guess wealth is like health. If you dont have your health or if youre extremely poor, you will be miserable.Prof. Sherwood: Yes, thats true. Happiness is wanting what we have rather than getting what we want.Interviewer: Thats a nice way of putting it. Well,
28、 in your opinion, do people become happier as their countries become richer?Prof. Sherwood: Well, if I take the case of the United States, from 1957 to 1996, the proportion of people who said they were very happy declined from 35% to 30%. But during that same period, the average income per person in
29、 the United States doubled.Interviewer: So, you mean that a steady increase in a countrys prosperity does not mean an increase in its peoples happiness.Prof. Sherwood: Thats right.Mlisten1-1Part IThere once was a king who offered a prize to the artist who could paint the best picture of peace. Many
30、artists offered the best pictures they could paint. The king looked at all the pictures, but there were only two he really liked and he had to choose between them.One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror, with peaceful towering mountains around it. Overhead was a blue sky with f
31、luffy white clouds. All who saw this picture thought that it was a perfect picture of peace.The other picture had mountains too. But these were rugged and bare. Above was an angry sky from which rain fell and in which lightning streaked. Down the side of the mountain tumbled a foaming waterfall. Thi
32、s did not look peaceful at all. But when the king looked, he saw behind the waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack in the rock. In the bush a mother bird had built her nest. There, in the midst of the rush of angry water, sat the mother bird on her nest. in perfect peace. Which picture do you thin
33、k won the prize? Mlisten1-2Part IThere once was a king who offered a prize to the artist who could paint the best picture of peace. Many artists offered the best pictures they could paint. The king looked at all the pictures, but there were only two he really liked and he had to choose between them.
34、One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror, with peaceful towering mountains around it. Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy white clouds. All who saw this picture thought that it was a perfect picture of peace.The other picture had mountains too. But these were rugged and bare. Ab
35、ove was an angry sky from which rain fell and in which lightning streaked. Down the side of the mountain tumbled a foaming waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all. But when the king looked, he saw behind the waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack in the rock. In the bush a mother bird had bui
36、lt her nest. There, in the midst of the rush of angry water, sat the mother bird on her nest. in perfect peace. Which picture do you think won the prize? Part IIThe king chose the second picture. “Because,“ explained the king, “peace does not mean to be in a place where there is no noise, trouble, o
37、r hard work. Peace means to be in the midst of all those things and still be calm in your heart. That is the real meaning of peace.“Mlisten2-1It was June 15, and in two days I would be turning 30. I was insecure about entering a new decade of my life and feared that my best years were now behind me.
38、My daily routine included going to the gym for a workout before going to work. Every morning I would see my friend Nicholas at the gym. He was 79 years old and was in terrific shape. As I greeted Nicholas on this particular day, he noticed I wasnt full of my usual vitality and asked if there was any
39、thing wrong. I told him I was feeling anxious about turning 30. I wondered how I would look back on my life once I reached Nicholass age, so I asked him, “What was the best time of your life?“Without hesitation, Nicholas replied, “Well, Joe, this is my philosophical answer to your philosophical ques
40、tion:“When I was a child in Austria and everything was taken care of for me and I was nurtured by my parents, that was the best time of my life.“When I was going to school and learning the things I know today, that was the best time of my life.“When I got my first job and had responsibilities and go
41、t paid for my efforts, that was the best time of my life.“When I met my wife and fell in love, that was the best time of my life.“The Second World War came, and my wife and I had to flee Austria to save our lives. When we were together and safe on a ship bound for North America, that was the best ti
42、me of my life.“When we came to Canada and started a family, that was the best time of my life.“When I was a young father, watching my children grow up, that was the best time of my life.“And now, Joe, I am 79 years old. I have my health, I feel good and I am in love with my wife just as I was when w
43、e first met. This is the best time of my life.“ Mlisten2-2It was June 15, and in two days I would be turning 30. I was insecure about entering a new decade of my life and feared that my best years were now behind me.My daily routine included going to the gym for a workout before going to work. Every
44、 morning I would see my friend Nicholas at the gym. He was 79 years old and was in terrific shape. As I greeted Nicholas on this particular day, he noticed I wasnt full of my usual vitality and asked if there was anything wrong. I told him I was feeling anxious about turning 30. I wondered how I wou
45、ld look back on my life once I reached Nicholass age, so I asked him, “What was the best time of your life?“Without hesitation, Nicholas replied, “Well, Joe, this is my philosophical answer to your philosophical question:“When I was a child in Austria and everything was taken care of for me and I wa
46、s nurtured by my parents, that was the best time of my life.“When I was going to school and learning the things I know today, that was the best time of my life.“When I got my first job and had responsibilities and got paid for my efforts, that was the best time of my life.“When I met my wife and fel
47、l in love, that was the best time of my life.“The Second World War came, and my wife and I had to flee Austria to save our lives. When we were together and safe on a ship bound for North America, that was the best time of my life.“When we came to Canada and started a family, that was the best time o
48、f my life.“When I was a young father, watching my children grow up, that was the best time of my life.“And now, Joe, I am 79 years old. I have my health, I feel good and I am in love with my wife just as I was when we first met. This is the best time of my life.“ Mlisten3-1Women may say their kids a
49、re their greatest source of joy, but according to a new study, taking care of children is in fact one of the least enjoyable activities. Researchers found its “intimate relations“ and socializing that women treasure most.Economists and psychologists teamed up to find a more accurate way to assess moods for national surveys on quality of life, rather than to rely on income alone as a measure of well-being. They believed that measures of wealth or health do not tell the whole story of how society as a whole or particular populations within it are doing. However
