1、人体运动学-功能性活动分析,kinesiology application in functional activities,周 晶 南方医科大学康复医学院,kinesiology,Purpose of studying clinical kinesiology,The purpose of studying clinical kinesiology is to understand the forces acting on the human body and to manipulate these forces in treatment procedures so that human p
2、erformance may be improved and further injury may be prevented 了解动作 了解作用在人体的力量 优化运动效能 避免和预防运动损伤,Reference,Planes of Motion,Transverse Plane (YZ plane),Frontal Plane (XY plane),Sagittal Plane (XZ plane),Cardinal planes of motion,Naming Movements at Joints,Special cases,Thumb Pronation/supination Hip
3、med/lat rotation with hip flexion,Kinematic chain,kinematic chain： a series of connected segment links open kinematic chain motion 开链运动the joint motion with the distal segment moves free in space, e.g. raising lower leg or throwing a ball closed kinematic chain motion 闭链运动the joint motion with the d
4、istal segment is fixed, e.g. standing up or squatting down,What kind of kinematic chain is performed as,chin-up (引體向上)? one-legged squatting?,Basic Arthrokinematic Joint Motions,(1) rolling or rocking, (2) sliding or gliding, (3) spinning,Application of Human Motion Measure and Analysis System,使用人體動
5、作量測分析系統的目的 人體動作量測分析系統 進階人體動作分析-人體動作分析模擬系統 人體動作分析系統之應用 步態分析(gait analysis) 平衡訓練 輔具科技 下背痛分析 運動器材 體育技術 ,使用動作量測分析系統的目的,了解人體動作，肢幹間的相關性 運動學，動力學參數 設計、提升與評估人體運動、手工具、運動器材與醫療輔具等的功能與成效,動作量測分析系統包含,動作量測分析系統 電子量角器(electrogoniometer) 力量感測器(Loadcell) 動作擷取系統 (Vicon) 測力板 (AMTI) 肌電訊號(EMG)加速規(Accelerometer) 資料收集盒(Datal
6、ogger),電子量角器(electrogoniometer),力量感測器(Loadcell),力量感測器(Loadcell),動作分析系統,1. 動作擷取系統 (Vicon),Vicon 460,Ploygon,2. 測力板 (AMTI),測力板(CoP),3. 肌電訊號(EMG),動作量測分析系統 電子量角器(electrogoniometer) 力量感測器(Loadcell) 動作擷取系統 (Vicon) 測力板 (AMTI) 肌電訊號(EMG)加速規(Accelerometer) 資料收集盒(Datalogger),關節角度 外力 肢段空間位置 地面反作用力 肌電訊號加速度 資料收集,
7、人体功效学之人体模拟系统,20 cm,50.8 cm,42Kg,25Kg,25Kg,42Kg,10 cm,39 cm,动作分析的应用,Gait analysis,平衡訓練,Bicycle analysis,Hip moment 1500N-mm Knee moment 2400N-mm Qudriceps 4500N， Biceps femoris 1500N Gluteus 3000N Tibialis anterior 2800N Gastroneminus 1600N,more Joy & Safety,more Fun & Lark,for Goodor Bad,Treadmill,高
8、爾夫,人体功效改善對策,人因工程改善對策,使用臂力人，配瓶口夾鈎,outline,mobility occupational and daily activities,Three elements,the first; identifies the sequence of activities performed from the start to the completion of the activity the second; presents a description of the joint movements throughout the activity the third;
9、distinguishes the muscles and how they function to produce the joint movements to successfully perform the activities,Mobility,Floor mobility：rolling,Rolling Developmental direction：nonsegmental -segmental Supine to pronemore individual variationmore difficult than prone to supine,Supine to prone (
10、Roll to the right),1.left upper extremity reaching to the right Shoulderflexionanterior deltoid三角肌前侧+of pectoralis major胸大肌 Horizontal adduction水平位的内收posterior deltoid (eccentric contraction 离心收缩 after passing the midline),Scapula protraction肩胛骨前伸,Serratus anterior前锯肌, upper & lower trapezius 斜方肌 El
11、bow extension: Triceps 肱三头肌 Forearm pronation 前臂旋前pronator quadratus & pronator teres 旋前方肌 旋前圆肌 Wrist in neutral or slight extension 腕关节中立位 微微伸展 Extensors carpi radialis longus & brevis（桡侧腕伸肌） +extensor carpi ulnaris （尺侧腕伸肌）,Finger and thumbextension extensor digitorum指伸肌 Abduction :dorsal interosse
12、i 背侧骨间肌Rotator cuff肩袖 muscles stabilize head of the humerus during arm motion Right U/E Shoulder extension肩关节伸展 + scapular retraction肩胛骨后缩 + forearm in midposition前臂中立位 +wrist and finger extension手腕伸展,head,Neck rotation & lateral flexion to the right left stemocleidomastoid胸锁乳突肌 +right scalene（斜角肌）
13、Flexion increased as the movement proceeds,3.trunk flexion and rotation to the right Flexion: rectus abdominus 腹直肌 Rotation+ lateral rotationright internal abdominal oblique腹内斜肌+left external abdominal oblique腹外斜肌 4.left pelvis Forward rotation +left hip flexion& adduction +left knee flexion(foot pu
14、shing off the floor),5.right lower limb in extension 6.weight bearing on right side of the body 7.weight shift to left arm(right arm move from beneath the body)right shoulder flexion + scapular upward rotation+elbow extension+ forearm pronation+ wrist and hand extension to push into floor,Occupation
15、al and daily activities,Lifting tasks,Head, trunk, pelvis are maintained in midline alignment throughout the activity Cocontraction of anterior and posterior musclesneck flexors(SCM, scalenes斜角肌) v.s. extensors erector spinae（竖棘肌） v.s. abdominal muscles腹肌transverse abdominis v.s. multifiduspelvis an
16、d lumbar spine in neutral position Torso is moved by hip instead of trunk motion,Preparation phaseprior to lifting,test the object to be lifted to get an idea of its weightestablish wide base of support and standing close to the objecthipabduction: gluteus medius and minimus（臀中肌、臀小肌）,TFL .sartorius（
17、缝匠肌）laterally rotation(45)：gluteus maximus(臀大肌),deep lateral rotators,sartorius（缝匠肌）,Move into a squat,Spinal position: erector spinae (isometric contraction) Lumber stabilization: abdominals Hip flexion(90):throughout preparation phasegluteus maximus and hamstrings(eccentric contraction)further fle
18、xes to move torso over box Knee flexion: quadriceps (eccentric contraction) Ankle dorsiflexion: gastrocnemius soleus(eccentric contraction)control tibia moving forward over the foot into dorsiflexion,Reach and grasp the object Shoulderflexion:anterior deltoid(三角肌前部), pectoralis major胸大肌(clavicular p
19、ortion锁骨头)midway between medial and lateral rotation:subscapularis,infraspinatus冈下肌,teres minor,anterior deltoid Elbow extension:contraction of triceps and elbow flexors(brachialis肱,brachioradialis肱桡,biceps),Forearm in midposition Hand power graspwrist extension:functional positioncontraction betwee
20、n wrist extensors and finger flexorsfingers and thumbfull extension and abduction-full flexion and adduction(palmar interossei)thumb flexion and abduction:flexor policis and pollocis adductor,Lifting phase U/E set to accept the weightisometric contraction of muscles activates in preparation phase Tr
21、unk extensionHip extension:concentric contraction of gluteus maximus and hamstringsabductionlateral rotationKnee extensionconcentric contraction of quadriceps,Household tasks:vacuuming,A push-pull activity using U/E to serve as the delivery of L/E forcesonly U/E ipsilateral(身体同侧的) to front leg is ue
22、sed Tandem stance: one leg ahead of the other Procedureweight transfers to front leg (knee flexion) & pushing off from back leg-shoulder flexion+elbow extensionweight pushed (knee extension) from front leg to back leg-shoulder extension +elbow flexion,Head,neck and trunk: neutral position, slight ro
23、tation to the right(in this illustration)erector spinae and abdominaltrunk extension and lumbar stabilization in upright Lt external abdominal obiliques +Rt internal abdominal obliques,Pelvis: gluteus medius(both legs )maintain a level pelvis and shift weight from one leg to the other,L/E: both legs
24、 are in abduction ankle neutral to eversion Knee: Quadricpes(股四头肌) in all phases,Pushing forward ：L/E Hipadductors(front leg)contract eccentrically as weight moves forwardabductors(back leg)concentric contraction: move hip into abduction(forward)hip flexion: Gluteus maximus(bag leg)contracts eccentr
25、ically Ankle dorsiflexiongastrocnemius(front leg) contracts eccentrically Elbow extension: triceps(front hand),Pulling back: L/E,HipAdductors(front leg) contract concentrically as weight moves backwardAbductors(back leg)eccentric contraction: adduct hip against gravity (backward) Ankleplantarflexion: gastrocnemius-soleus (back leg)eversion: peroneus longus and brevis(back leg),assignments,Leg phases of cycling,Tennis service phases,Swim stroke,Soccer kick,Presentation,6个组 每个小组20min 动作分析 结合临床应用：包括如何避免运动损伤等 准备PPT及演示素材 小组讨论,
