1、大学英语自学教程,Unit One Text A,e.g.即使是朋友，有时意见也不相合,Even friends sometimes disagree.,对不起我不同意你的意见。,Im sorry to disagree with you.,2. guarantee: （1）vt. 保证，担保，保修e.g.雾天我们不能保证火车准时到达。We cant guarantee the punctual arrival trains in foggy weather此钟保修一年。This clock is guranteed for one year.,disagree: vi 不同意，有分歧。后跟w
2、ith 表示 “与有分歧，不一致 ”,(2) n.保证，保修；抵押品，保证物 e.g. 党的正确领导是我们胜利的保证。The Partys correct leadership is the guarantee of our victory.我能以我的房屋和地产做抵押品。I can offer my house and land as a guarantee.,3. succeed: vi. 成功。与in连用,后接名词或动名词表示“在（干）某事上成功” e.g. 她考试及格了。He has succeeded in the examination.玛丽成功地找到了工作。Mary has suc
3、ceeded in finding a job.,4. depend on (upon): 依靠，依赖；依而定 e.g. 孩子们依靠父母提供衣食。Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.这要看你如何处理这个问题。That depends on how you tackle the problem. 5. instead of: 代替，而不是 e.g. 如果你不空，我可以替你去。Ill go instead of you if you are not free.他们是步行去那儿的而不是坐公交车。They went there
4、on foot instead of by bus.,7. be willing to: 愿意，乐意 e.g. 他很愿意付我所要的价钱。He is willing to pay the price I ask. municate: 交流，交际，通讯 e.g. 我能用英语同外国人交流。I can communicate with foreigners in English.,9. do well to: 最好做,做为好 e.g. 你最好还是讲实话。You would do well to tell the truth.,:,Reference keys to translation: (P10)
5、 1.Reasearch shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways. 2. Language learning is active learning, learners should take advantage of chances to use the language. 3. Language learning should be active, independent, and purposeful. 4. Learning a language is different from learning
6、 mathematics.,5. The teacher often imparts successful language learning experiences to us. P12 They find it hard to master a foreign language. The research shows that those who succeed are similar in many ways. Successful language learners do not depend on books or teachers. We are willing to help o
7、ur friends. We should learn new things independently, actively, and purposefully.,Text B not onlybut also:不仅而且 e.g. 他不仅聪明，而且学习努力。He is not only clever, but also hard working. 2. neither nor: 既不也不 e.g. 处在这样的位置，一个人既不能站直，也无法躺倒In such a position one can neither stand up nor lie down.,Unit Two Text A be
8、sure of: 确信,对确信无疑，确定 e.g. 你肯定会受到欢迎。You are sure of a welcome.我确信汤姆的诚意。Im sure of Toms sincerity. 2.have a ( the ) corner on sth:垄断某物 e.g. 政府不允许任何人垄断钢材The government doesnt allow anybody to have a corner on steel.,make a corner in sth: 囤积居奇 e.g.零售商为了卖高价而对小麦囤积居奇The retail trader have made a corner in
9、wheat so as to sell it in higher price. 3. consist of: be made up of 由组成 e.g. 水是由氢和氧组成的。Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.这个委员会由10个成员组成。The committee consists of ten members.,4. vary: vi. vt. 有差异，变化，使有变化 e.g. 物价会随季节变化而变化。Prices vary from season to season.你应该变换饮食。You should vary your diet. 如要表示在某
10、方面不同，有差异，后接介词 in e.g. People vary very much in their ideas.,5. due: adj. 应付的，应付给的 e.g. 何时应付房租？When is the rent due? 2) 预期的，预定的e.g. 火车预定何时到达？When is the train due? 6. charge: vt. vi.索价，要价（与for连用）；指控，控告（与with连用） e.g. 补一双鞋你要价多少？How much do you charge for mending a pair of shoes?他被控告谋杀。He was charged wi
11、th murder.,7. figure: n. 数字 e.g.人们吃惊地发现那个乞丐有一个六位数的银行账户。People were surprised to find that the beggar had a bank account of six figures. 2) 人形，（尤指） 体态，相貌，身材 e.g. 她现在四十多岁了， 但她依然保持身材。Shes past forty now, but shes kept her figure.,3) 价格 e.g. 他低价买了一辆二手自行车。He bought a second-hand bike at a low figure. 4)
12、图解，图表 e.g. 黑板上画满了几何图。The blackboard was covered with geometrical figures. 5） 人物（ 尤指其影响力） e.g. 他是本世纪的政治领军人物之一。He was one of the leading political figures of this century.,vt. vi. 与out连用，“ 想出，演算出，理解 e.g. 我不能理解他的话。I couldnt figure out what he was saying. 8. In addition to: 除之外 e.g. 除了英语之外，他得学一门二外。In ad
13、dition to English, he has to study a second foreign language.,9. complain: vi. 抱怨，诉苦，发牢骚，与（of/about)连用 e.g. 她抱怨说他粗枝大叶。She complained of his carelessness. 10. protest: 抗议，反对，与against连用 e.g. 我抗议被称作傻瓜。I protest against being called a fool. 11. tend: vi 倾向于，有倾向，后接不定式 e.g.随着年龄的增加，人们往往会发胖。People tend to g
14、et fat as they grow older.,12. agree on:后接需要确定的一件事情. “同意，达成一致” e.g. 双方就所有条款达成一致。The two sides have agreed on all the terms. agree about:后接讨论范围或某一事情 e.g. 两国政府就人权问题未能取得一致意见。The two governments dont agree about human rights. agree to: 后接提案或建议 e.g. 我同意你的建议。I agree to your proposal.,agree with: 后接人。 e.g.
15、 在这一点上我完全同意你的意见。I quite agree with you on this point.,Text B 1.no more than : only 只不过，仅仅 e.g. 她只不过是个初学者She is no more than a beginner. 2. put up with:容忍，忍受 e. g. 在你野营时，会有许多你得忍受的不方便 There are many inconveniences that have to be put up with when youre camping. 3. be involved in: 参与，介入 e.g. 应该有更多的妇女参与
16、决策More women should be involved in decision-making.,Reference keys to translation: (P42) Paying taxes is a responsibility of every citizen. Americans often say that there are two things they can not escape from in life. Just because there are three levels of government in the United States , there a
17、re three types of taxes. Some states charge income-tax in addition to sales tax. Americans complain that taxes are too high and the government uses wrong way. (P43) 1.China leads the world with its silk. 2. Some states charge sales tax in addition to income tax.,3. Sales tax varies from price of any
18、 item tax. 4. People are always complaining about the rise in the price. 5. Mother said that he spent too much time on TV. (P58) The two languages are different in many ways. Deaf and dumb persons can not speak and hear. The Englishman speaks Italian well. Will you pass me a cup of coffee, please? H
19、e felt hungry and thirsty by the time.,6. Yesterday evening she asked me to wait for her at the restaurant gate. 7. When did you get up this morning? 8. This story sounds interesting, but it is not real. 9. The meat and macaroni cost me 25 yuan. 10. She often teaches the children to sing English son
20、gs.,United Three Text A separate: 使分离，分开，隔开 e.g. 英国和法国被英吉利海峡隔开。England is separated from France by the Channel. 2. keepfrom doing: 使不,使免于 e.g. 请别让孩子们到海里游泳。Please keep the children from swimming in the sea. 暴风雨使他不能出去。 The storm kept him from going out.,3. dry up: dry completely 干涸 e.g. 每年夏季这条小河就干涸了。E
21、very summer this stream dries up. 4. average: n. 平均数，平均 e.g. The average of 4,5 and 9 is 6. adj.平均的，平常的，普通的 e.g. 他是个能力普通的人。He is a man of average ability. vt. 平均，平均达到，平均分配 e.g.每年雨量平均为800毫米。,The rainfall averages 800mm a year. on an (the) average:按平均数计算，作为平均数，平均而言 e.g. On an average, there are 1,000
22、visitors a day. 5. range: n. 山脉，幅度，范围，射程 e.g. 他的阅读范围很广。His reading is of very wide range.价格涨落幅度很大（不大）The range of prices was great (narrow ).,vi. （在某范围内）变动，变化 e.g. 增长几倍至几十倍。The increase ranged from several times to several dozen times. vt. 把排列成行 e.g. 他把书按大小排列在书架上。He ranged books by size on the shelf
23、. 6. current: n. 流，水流，电流，气流 e.g. a warm current 暖流a swift current 急流,adj. 流行的，现代的，当前的 current events 时事 the current situation 时局，当前形势 current English 当代英语 7. affect: 影响，感动 e.g.气候影响了他的健康。The climate affected his health.这个悲伤的消息对他影响很大。He was much affected by the sad news.,Reference keys to translation:
24、 (P70) There are one thousand visitors on the average every day. The Atlantic Ocean is half as big as the Pacific, but it is more than four thousand miles wide. It took him a long time to fall asleep last night. There are so many advertisements on TV that it is hard to remember how many there are. M
25、any wrong ideas made people in Columbus age unwilling to sail west. .,(P72) Sailors were afraid that they might meet bad weather. The mountain is half as high as Mount Tai. There are forty-five students on the average in each class of this school. The climate affects the plants growing. My work keep
26、s piling up.,Unit Four Text A 1.focus: 1) n. (pl. focuses/foci )焦点，焦距，中心 e.g. 如果你要照一张好的照片，把物体对准在焦点上。 Bring the object into focus if you want a good photograph. 她总想成为人们注意的中心。 She always wants to be the focus of attention. 2) vt. vi. 聚焦，对焦 focus on: 集中，对准,e.g.把你的注意力集中在学习上。Focus your attention on your
27、study.他用凸透镜聚太阳光取火。He made fire by focusing the sunlight on something with a burning-glass. 2. make sense: 有意义，讲得通 e.g. 他的话对我来说没有任何意义。What he said did not make any sense to me.这个句子讲不通。This sentence does not make sense.,3. make a (some, no, any, much) difference: 有影响，起（重要）作用 e.g.他的话对我有影响。What he said
28、makes a difference to me.你今天去或明天去没有多大影响。It wont make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. 4. ability: 1)n. 能力，才能。后接不定式 e.g.他有讲外语的能力吗？Does he have the ability to speak a foreign language?,我不怀疑你的工作能力。 I dont doubt your ability to the work. 2) abilities : 技能 e.g. 她的听，说，读，写能力都不错。She has goo
29、d listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities. 3)to the best of ones ability: 尽力而为 e.g.我将尽力做好这件事。Ill do it to the best of my ability.,5. random: adj. 胡乱的，随便的 e.g. 他瞎猜。He made a random guess.科学家随意抽取了一个样品。The scientist took out a random sample. n. 偶然（随便的）行动（或过程），只用于 at random: 随机地，随便地 e.g. 敌人胡乱
30、射击。The enemy shot at random.,6. refer: vt. vi 提及，谈及，知道是；参考，查资料。 e.g. 请不要再提这件事了。Dont refer to this matter again, please.我说有的人笨并不是指的你。When I said that some people are stupid I was not referring to you.,如果你遇到新词，请查词典。 Please refer to the dictionary if you come across a new word. 8. relate: vt. 使与联系起来（后接
31、to/with) e.g.这些结果很难与任何已知的原因联系在一起。It is difficult to relate these results to any known cause. vi. 与有关 e.g. 这一段讲的是国际形势。This paragraph relates to the international situation.,9. associate: vt. vi 把和 联系起来； 和来往 e.g. 孩子们总把春节同好吃的和好穿的联系起来。In childrens minds the Spring Festival is associated with good food a
32、nd nice clothes.勿与不诚实的孩子为友。Dont associate with dishonest boys. adj. 副的（教授，编辑) e.g. 他是一个英语副教授。He is an associate professor of English.,Text B in contrast( to/with):形成对比，相比之下 e.g. 他的白发与他的黑皮肤形成鲜明的对比。His white hair was in sharp contrast to his dark skin. 2.look up:(在字典，参考书中）查找，查阅 e.g.阅读时查阅遇到的每个生词并不是个好的学
33、习习惯It isnt a good habit to look up every new word one meets in reading. 3.turn on:1) 打开 e.g. 请开灯。,Please turn on the light. 2) 依赖 e.g. 野炊的成功与否通常依赖于天气。The success of a picnic usually turns on the weather. 3) 变为与 敌对 e.g. The dog turned on me and bit me in the leg. 4. turn off : 1) 关闭，灭掉 e.g. 睡觉前请关闭天然气
34、。Please turn off the gas-fire before you go to bed.,2) 解雇，辞退 e.g. 老板辞退了那个黑人工人。The boss turned off the black worker. 3) （行人等 ）拐弯，（路）叉开 e.g.这是我们拐弯去邮局的地方吗。Is this where we turn off for the post-office?,Reference keys to translation : (P96) Information that doesnt make any sense to you is difficult to u
35、nderstand. Association refers to associating what we want to remember with information we have remembered. Categorizing is helpful to remember. Needless to say, if the books in the library are kept in random order, readers can not find the books they want. Forming an integrated image with all the in
36、formation placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.,(P98) Their research mainly focuses on adults learning techniques. It is meaningful to know how to use these phrases. The adult group consists of 15 persons. Needless to say, we all know the facts. Memory refers to the abi
37、lity to remember the past events and experiences. I always associate that song with my school life.,(P112) She and her husband have different views on many issues. Can you talk about the problems of tax? Bring me a glass of beer, please! Your uncle doesnt speak a word at home, does he? What are the
38、customers complaining about? Did he travel in France or in Italy last summer? Did you see the advertisement in the newspaper or in the magazine? Should you pay sales tax when you buy something?,9. Who is responsible for the advertising business of the company? 10. At that time, many salaried people
39、did not support the Federal government, did they?,Grammar 选择疑问句（alternative question)：选择疑问句是说话人对问题提出两个或两个以上 的答案，供对方选择其一的疑问句，有两种形式： 1） 以一般疑问句为基础 e.g. Is she a teacher or a student?Would you rather wait or come back later? 2) 以特殊疑问句为基础 e.g. Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?How shall we go there, by
40、bus or by train? 注意： 回答选择疑问句不用yes/no来回答.,2. 反义疑问句：又称附加疑问句，它由一个陈述句加简短一般疑问句构成。反义疑问句是由肯定陈述句加简略否定疑问句或否定陈述句加简略肯定疑问句构成。疑问句部分的主语必须是与陈述句部分的主语在人称，数，性方面保持一致的人称代词，如陈述句部分的主语是名词，反义疑问句部分主语用相应的代词；附加部分的动词一般要求与陈述部分的动词相对应。 e.g. This is a very fast train, isnt it?Mary failed her exams, didnt she? 当陈述部分的主语是everybody, e
41、veryone, someone, somebody, no one, nobody等不定代词是，在非正式文体中，附加疑问句主语用they，在正式文体中，一般用he,e.g. Nobody phoned while I was out, did they/he? 2) 当陈述部分是there be句型，附加疑问句用there be e.g. There is something wrong, isnt there? 3) 当陈述部分是时Im，附加部分用arent e.g. Im late, arent I? 4) 当陈述部分带有have时，若have表示“所有”含义，附加疑问句部分既可用hav
42、e形式，也可用do形式。 e.g. You have a bicycle, havent /dont you? 当have不表示“有”，而表示其它含义时，须用do形式。 e.g. She had a good time yesterday, didnt she?You often have headaches, dont you?,5) 当陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nothing等否定词或半否定词时，附加部分动词用肯定形式。 e.g. Few people know him, do they?She seldom goe
43、s to the cinema, does she? 但 如果陈述部分的否定词仅带有否定前缀，该陈述部分作肯定句处理，附加部分一般用否定形式。 e.g. He was unsuccessful, wasnt he? 6) 祈使句构成附加疑问句，附加部分一般用will you, would you, wont you，也可用can you, could you, cant you e.g. Dont move the chair, will you?,Be quiet, would you? Give me some cigarettes, can you? 但是， 以Lets开头的祈使句，附加
44、部分用shall we e.g. Lets go swimming, shall we? 而以Let us 开头时，用will you e.g. Let us go, will you? 3. 感叹句：表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子， 由how或what引导。 What +a/an +(adj.) +可数名词单数+（主+谓）！ e.g. What a clever boy he is!What a good idea!,2) what+ (adj.) +可数名词复数+（主+谓）！ e.g. What strange ideas you have!What fools we were! 3) Wh
45、at + (adj.) +不可数名词+（主+谓）！ e.g. What wonderful weather it is !What noise they are making! 4) How+ adj. +（主+谓）！ e.g. How beautiful!How careless he is! 5) How+ adv. +（主+谓）！,e.g. How fast she is running! 6) How +主 + 动 + 宾！ e.g. How I miss you! 7) How + adj. + a/an +可数名词单数 + （ 主 + 谓 ）！ e.g. How strange a
46、 feeling it was!How clever a boy he is!,Unit Five Text A 1.make sb. do sth :让某人干某事，使役动词make, have, let 后跟不定式作宾语补足语时，必须省掉to e.g.老师让我们每周写一篇作文。The teacher have us write a composition every week.请让我知道这消息。Please let me know the news. 2. eager: adj. 热切的，渴望的，（与for, about, after或不定式连用）,e.g. 他渴望成功。He is eage
47、r for success.老师渴望学生们取得进步。Teachers are eager about the progress of their students.他渴望知道结果。He is eager to know the result.我们渴望他会帮助我们。We are eager that he will help us.,3. suppose : vt. 猜测，料想，想象 e.g. 我猜他还不到二十岁。I suppose that he is not yet twenty. 2） 假定（可用虚拟语气） e.g. 假如下雨的话，我们还是要去。Suppose it rained, we would still go. 3) (用于祈使语气）让 e.g. 我们明天动身吧。Suppose we start tomorrow.,
