1、非谓语,所有的非谓语都是相对于谓语动词来说的，因此，非谓语的选择和使用，有两个考虑的维度： 1.与句子主语比较，从而确定主被动 2.与句子谓语动词比较，从而确定完成、正在进行中或是即将要做,V+ed,被动、完成、心理状态,Underline all the ed in those sentences,1.The cup is broken. 2.The door is closed. 3.Our teacher was satisfied with our answers. 4.The ground is covered with snow. 5.A broken cup is lying o
2、n the floor. 6.Polluted water is harmful to peoples health. 7.A boy called Tom is coming. 8.The meeting held yesterday is very important.,表语,表语,表语,表语,定语,定语,定语,定语,2.作定语,4.作宾补,3.作状语,过去分词,Stared by so many people, the poorly-dressed boy, wanted the speech finished as soon as possible; however, the audi
3、ence remained excited all the time.,过去分词作表语,The cup is broken. The door is closed. The door remained closed. The teacher seemed quite satisfied with the idea. When we heard the story, we were deeply moved.,过去分词作表语表示主语的状态和性质。,可以做连系动词的词有？,1. (be)2. (感官动词)3. (持续、变化、表象、终止),am, is, are, was, were, be,loo
4、k, sound, smell, taste, feel,keep;turn; appear; prove.,常见的作表语的过去分词,（ ）碎了的， （ ）关闭的， （ ）喝醉的， （ ）丢失的， （ ）已婚的， （ ）有经验的 （ ）惊讶的， （ ）高兴的， （ ）满意的， （ ）吃惊的， （ ）担忧的， （ ）感兴趣的，,broken,closed,drunk,lost,married,experienced,astonished,pleased,satisfied,surprised,worried,interested,look and think. Do all the past p
5、articiples sever as the predicative?,1. I am interested in chess. 2. I was interested by what you said. 3. This shop is now closed. 4. The small village is surrounded by trees. 4. The vase was broken by me. 5. The tree was cut down by Mike.,总结：过去分词作表语强调主语的状态和性质被动语态强调动作的被动关系。,Exercises,Tom sounds ver
6、y much in the job, but I am not sure he can do it well.A, interested B, interesting C, being surprised D, surprise 2. All people at the meeting were at the surprising mews.A, to surprise B, surprised C, being surprised D, surprise,A,B,过去分词作定语,(fall)落叶(develop)发达国家(retire)一位退休的教师(rise)已经升起的太阳(pollute
7、)被污染的水(wound)受伤的士兵(astonish)受惊吓的孩子们(respect)一位受人尊敬的客人,单个的过去分词作定语放在被修饰词的前面做前置定语，表示完成和被动的意义，不及物动词表示完成，及物动词表示被动。,Fallen leaves,Developed countries,A retired teacher,Risen sun,Polluted water,Wounded soldiers,Astonished children,A respected guest,A boy called Tom is coming. The meeting held yesterday is
8、very important.Who were the guests invited to the party last night.The English spoken at the ancient times is difficult.A Lashan, known to the nation for its beautiful stone, has changed greatly.,A boy who is called Tom is coming.,The meeting which was held yesterday is very important.,Who were the
9、guests who were invited to the party last night.,The English which was spoken at the ancient times is difficult.,A Lashan, which is known to the nation for its beautiful stone, has changed greatly.,过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰词的后面作后置定语或非限定性定语，并且可以转化成相应的定语从句。,Exercises,1. Most of the artist to the party were from
10、South Africa A, invited B, to invite C, being invited D, had been invited 2. The Olympic Games, in 776 BC, did not include(包括) women players A, first playing B, to be first played C, first played D, to be first playing,C,A,作宾补,1.表“希望，要求”的动词：,I want the work (to be) finished by Sunday.,Jim ordered th
11、e room (to be) cleaned.,2.表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：,see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find, think + object + p.p.,We saw the thief caught by the police.,People found the water polluted.,want, wish, expect, wish, like, order+ (to be) done,make, get, have, keep,3.使役动词,I want to get my hair cut tomorrow. = I want t
12、o get the barber to cut my hair. = I want to let the barber cut my hair.,4.with 复合结构,with, without + n.（介词宾语） + p.p.（宾补）,Do you know the man with his hands tied back?,They left without a dish touched.,The murderer was brought in , with his hands _ (tie) behinds his back .,tied,做句子的状语,过去分词作状语,过去分词作状语
13、，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，过去分词动作与句子的主语形成动宾关系。,a、表示时间,_ from the space, the earth looks blue.(see),_ from the space, we find that the earth looks blue. (see),b、表示条件,Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.,If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will re
14、main fresh.,Seen,Seeing,c、表示原因,d、表示伴随情况,e、表示让步,Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.,As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.,She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.,She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.,Beaten by the
15、 enemy, he refused to let out the secret.,Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.,c、表示原因,d、表示伴随情况,e、表示让步,Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.,As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.,She walked out of the house, followed by her little daug
16、hter.,She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.,Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.,Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.,Done vs.having been done,相同之处：而这都有完成+被动 不同之处：1. Done可以做定语， having been done一般不做定语2. Done 多表示延续的状态，
17、不强调时间先后；having been done 强调动作发生在谓语动词之前。3. having been done若是短暂动词，还可表示在位于动作之前多次发生。,_ (use) for many years, the bike needs repairing. _ (use) as a means of traffic in China, the bike is very useful. _(bite) twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up.,Having been use
18、d,Used,Having been bitten,Quiz,1. How are the team playing? They are playing well, but one of them hurt.A. got B. gets C. are D. were2. I am very with my own cooking. It looks niceand smells delicious.A. pleasant B. pleased C. pleasing D. please 3. Everyone was _ by his_ progress which hemade during
19、 the two months.A. surprised; surprise B. surprised; surprisedC. surprised; surprising D. surprising; surprising,B,B,C,4. China is a _ country and we should introduce _ science and technology from the _ countries. developed; advanced; developed developing; advanced; developed C. developing; advancin
20、g; developing D. developed; advancing; developing5. Your letter _ Nov. 25 has reached me.A. dated B. dating C. was dated D. which dated6. The first textbooks _ for teaching English came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written,B,A,D,7. Whats the languag
21、e _ in Germany？ Aspeaking Bspoken Cbe spoken Dto speak8. Most of the people_ _ to the party were famous scientists Ainvited Bto invite Cbeing invited Dinviting 9. Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring 10. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word _ A. speaking B. speak C. spoken D. to speak,B,A,A,C,
