1、Part Four,Language Study,ENTER,Word Study Phrases and Expressions Word BuildingGrammar,Language Study,Contents,I. Word Study,Word list:,accomplishment assume certify expose faculty,6. generate 7. nevertheless 8. rear 9. species 10. suffice,1. accomplishment,n. sth. completed successfully; an achieve
2、ment,To be continued on the next page.,Examples: a girl of many accomplishments 多才多艺的姑娘 Among her accomplishments weresewing, cooking, playing the piano and dancing.,I. Word Study,v. to succeed in doing; to reach the end of,Examples: accomplish ones object 达到目的 accomplish ones mission 完成使命 He can ac
3、complish more in a day than any other boy in his class.,I. Word Study,accomplish,2. assume,v. a. to take for granted; to supposeb. to take upon oneself,n. assumption a. assumptive,Examples: They had assumed that prices would rise these days, but in fact they were wrong. assume responsibilities assum
4、e anothers debts,Word formation,I. Word Study,3. certify,v. to confirm formally as true, accurate, orgenuine,Examples:The accounts were certified (as) correct.He was certified (as) insane.certified accountant 注册会计师,n. certification a. certified 有书面证明的，已证实的,Word formation,I. Word Study,4. expose,v. a
5、. to subject or allow to be subjected to anaction or an influence 使受影响b. to subject (a photographic film, for example) to the action of light 使曝光c. to make known (sth. discreditable);to reveal (the guilt or wrongdoing of)揭发（有损信誉的事）；揭露（罪恶或错误的行为）,To be continued on the next page.,I. Word Study,Example
6、s: The parents exposed their children to classicalmusic at home. This film has been exposed. The crime of the corrupt officials must beexposed without any reserve.,I. Word Study,5. faculty,To be continued on the next page.,n. a. any of the powers of the body or mindb. department or group of related
7、departmentsin a university c. the whole teaching staff in one of thedepartments or in the whole university,Examples:the faculty of the sight; mental facultiesthe Faculty of Law The entire faculty of the university will attendthe meeting.,I. Word Study,cf. staff n. a. group of assistants working toge
8、ther in abusiness, etc. responsible to a manager or aperson in authority b. those people doing administrative work,I. Word Study,Examples: the hotel staff, the shop staff We need more staff in the office. I have a staff of ten. a head teacher and her staff 校长及全体教工 The school staff are expected to su
9、pervise school meals.,n. generation n. generator a. generative,Word formation,v. to produce as a result of a chemical orphysical process,6. generate,Examples:a generating station 发电厂，发电站When coal burns, it generates heat.generative reproduction 有性繁殖,I. Word Study,7. nevertheless,adv. in spite of tha
10、t, however,Examples: She was very tired, nevertheless she kepton working. We are going nevertheless we shall return.,I. Word Study,8. rear,v. a. to care for (children or a child) during theearly stages of life; to bring upb. to tend (growing plants or animals)c. to rise high in the air; to towern. a
11、 hind part 后面，后边；后边的部分,Examples:to rear a childto rear poultryto rear a monument to a persons memory 为纪念某人而建立纪念碑the rear of the hall,I. Word Study,9. species,n. a fundamental category of taxonomicclassification, ranking below a genus orsubgenus and consisting of related organismscapable of interbree
12、ding,Examples: Some species of animals have become extinct because they could not adapt to a changing environment. The Origin of Species物种起源,I. Word Study,v. to meet present needs or requirements,10. suffice,Word formation,a. sufficient n. sufficiency,The end of Word Study.,Examples:These rations wi
13、ll suffice until next week.Fifty dollars will suffice me. Fifty dollars will suffice for my needs.,I. Word Study,List:,1. enroll in 2. specialize in 3. put it 4. go through 5. see to it that 6. preside over,7. be out to do sth. 8. be on ones/the way to 9. The chances are that 10. in essence 11. make
14、 available,II. Phrases and Expressions,to place ones name on a roll or register; to sign up 注册登记，注册、记录某人名字在花名册上；登记,1. enroll in,II. Phrases and Expressions,Word formation,n. enrollment,Example:We enrolled in the army.,to concentrate on a particular activity orproduct 从事专门活动或销售专业产品,2. specialize in,I
15、I. Phrases and Expressions,Example:The shop specializes in mountain-climbinggear.,to express; to state 表达；陈述,3. put it,II. Phrases and Expressions,Examples:to put it another way 换句话说to put it mildly 说得婉转些to put it strong 说得刻薄,II. Phrases and Expressions,4. go through,a. to examine carefully 仔细检查b. t
16、o experience,Examples:John went through the students papers.We went through hell while working onthis project.,to try to make sure that,5. see to it that,II. Phrases and Expressions,Example:The parents asked the girl to see to it that heryounger brothers behave well at the table.,to be in charge of,
17、6. preside over,II. Phrases and Expressions,Examples:preside over a meeting 主持会议preside at tea 招待客人吃茶点The manager presides over the business ofthis store. 主持管理业务,to try to do sth.,7. be out to do sth.,II. Phrases and Expressions,Example:You professor raise your kids your way; Ill takecare of my own.
18、 Me, Im out to make money.,to be in the process of coming, going, or traveling,8. be on ones/the way to,II. Phrases and Expressions,Examples:She is on her way out the door. Winter is on the way. You are on your way to being that new speciesof mechanized savage, the push-button Neanderthal.,It is pos
19、sible that,9. The chances are that,II. Phrases and Expressions,To be continued on the next page.,cf.,Examples:The chances are ten to one that the guest teamwill win.If you have some one on your mind, let her know.Chances are you are on hers as well.,There is a chance that I will see him these days.I
20、s there any chance of rain?,II. Phrases and Expressions,Examples:It chanced that the train was late that day.Although there is still hope, he is not notwilling to chance it.,vi. to come about by chance; occur 偶然发生，出现 vt. to take the risk or hazard of 冒的危险,chance,II. Phrases and Expressions,by nature
21、; essentially 本质上；实质的,10. in essence,Example:In essence, leadership involves accomplishinggoals with and through people.,II. Phrases and Expressions,11. make available,to do sth. so that one thing can be used or caneasily be bought or found,Examples:Dental clinics shall be made available within tenm
22、iles of each community.Parking facilities were made available for thedisabled.,The end of Phrases and Expressions.,III. Word Building,List:,Suffix izeSuffix fy,III. Word Building,to cause to be or tobecome 使成为 b. to cause to conform toor resemble 使一致，使相像 c. to treat as 当作对待 d. to treat or affect wit
23、h 对待或影响,dramatize 戏剧化 Hellenize 使希腊化 idolize 偶像崇拜 anesthetize 施以麻醉,e.g.,capitalize,suffix,To be continued on the next page.,III. Word Building,e. to subject to 使服从 f. to treat according to orpractice the method of根据对待或实施办法 g. to become; become like成为；变得像 h. to perform, engage in,or produce 完成，从事于，生产
24、,tyrannize 压制 pasteurize 施行巴氏消毒 materialize 具体化 botanize 采集植物,e.g.,capitalize,suffix,To be continued on the next page.,III. Word Building,capitalize centralize finalize hospitalize idealize naturalize socialize,capital (a.) central (a.) final (a.) hospital (n.) ideal (a.) natural (a.) social (a.),su
25、ffix -ize,To be continued on the next page.,suffix -ize,III. Word Building,apologize civilize fertilize industrialize realize specialize westernize,apologetic (a.) civil (a.) fertile (a.) industrial (a.) real (a.) special (a.) western (a.),The end of Suffix -ize.,III. Word Building,clarify,suffix,-f
26、yto cause to become; to make,base (n.) clear (a.) class (n.) intense (a.) just (a.) note (n.),basify 碱化 clarify 澄清 classify 分类 intensify 加强 justify 使正当 notify 通知,To be continued on the next page.,III. Word Building,clarify,suffix,-fyto cause to become; to make,pure (a.) quality (n.) simple (a.) unit
27、y (n.) terror (n.),purify 净化 qualify 使具有资格 simplify 简化 unify 统一 terrify 使恐惧,The end of Word Building.,IV. Grammar,I. Observe the following sentences and study the related grammar. New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things. There is not time enough in a single li
28、fetime to invent for oneself everything one needs to know in order to be a civilized man. As this is true of the techniques of mankind, so it is true of mankinds spiritual resources.,To be continued on the next page.,New as I was to the faculty, I could have told thisspecimen a number of things.,II.
29、 Grammar 1: concessive clause,IV. Grammar,To be continued on the next page.,More examples: Great as the author was, he proved a bad model. Ridiculous as it seems, the tale is true.,Concessive clause, inverted sentence, meaning “though”,IV. Grammar,To be continued on the next page.,II. Grammar 2: inf
30、initive,There is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent foroneself everything one needs to know in order to be acivilized man.,More examples: a lot of things to do last one to leave a man to rely on,Infinitive, functioning as modifier of “time”,IV. Grammar,The end of Grammar.,II. Grammar 3:
31、as so structure,As this is true of the techniques of mankind, so it is trueof mankinds spiritual resources.,More example: Just as the French love their wine, so the English love their beer.,as so 结构，so作为关联副词(conjunctive adverbs),Part Four,Language Study,This is the end of Part Four. Please click HOME to visit other parts.,
