1、G R _ 2_4,Strength of invading force,Starting time of invasion,Start of war,Country invaded,Invading country,A Comparison-and-Contrast Analysis of the Two Invasions,Text Analysis,France,Germany,Soviet Union,Russia,Napoleon,Hitler,Spring, 1812,6/22/1941,600,000,the largest land campaign in history,Pr
2、ediction,quick victory, conquest of Russia in 5 weeks,Blitzkrieg (lightning war), lasting no longer than 3 months,G R _ 2_4,Text Analysis,Truce offer,Major battles,Capture of the Russian capital,Initial resistance strategy,refusing to stand and fight; retreating eastwards, burning crops and homes,“s
3、corch the earth”, fierce fight to defend major cities,yes,no,Smolensk, Borodino, the Berezina River,Leningrad, Stalingrad,by Napoleon, rejected by the Czar,no,G R _ 2_4,Text Analysis,A Comparison-and-Contrast Analysis of the Two Invasions,Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end,
4、Biggest enemy for the invading force,Turning point,Fate of the invading force,War-provokers fate,snow, freezing temperature,heavy rain, “General Mud”, snow, freezing temperature,October 1812 when Napoleon ordered a retreat,1943, when the Soviet troops pushed the German forces back,only 100, 000 surv
5、ived,heavy losses,Hitler committed suicide, his empire collapsing,D R _ Text 1,Fighting with the Forces of Nature,In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepa
6、red for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called
7、. Hitlers military might was unequaled.,D R _ Text 2,His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.,Napoleons Campaign In the sp
8、ring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.,D R _ Te
9、xt 3,Shortly afterwards, Napoleons army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army follo
10、wed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no dec
11、isive victory.,D R _ Text 4,He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian
12、armies met in a fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.,D R _ Text 5,Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of
13、 the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: “We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us.”,D R _
14、Text 6,Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A
15、 short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winters first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French
16、soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.,D R _ Text 7,As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat.,At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napo
17、leon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.,D R _ Text 7,Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than
18、one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end
19、.Hitlers Invasion By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitlers German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land camp
20、aign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months.,D R _ Text 8,He planned to use the blitzkrieg , or “lightning war,” tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and th
21、rough the Ukraine.,Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to “scorch the earth” in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten,weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the fr
22、ont eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.,D R _ Text 8,In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the citys situation became despera
23、te. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 19411942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.In the center of Russia, Hitlers goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans ha
24、d anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. “General Mud” slowed down the movement of the Germans lightning attack.,D R _ Text 9,As Hitlers armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union,
25、 the,harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to
26、a halt.,D R _ Text 10,By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused
27、 to give up Stalingrad.In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundre
28、d thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.,D R _ Text 11,During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed
29、the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a,surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On
30、 May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.,D R _ Text 11,For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached a
31、lmost 23 million.Russias Icy DefenderThe elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was
32、 an icy defender.,D R _ S_1 But he was not ,Analyze the structure of the sentence.,“that met him in Moscow” is an attributive clause modifying “the devastating enemy” while “the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter” is in apposition to “the devastating enemy”.,But he was not prepared for the devastatin
33、g enemy that met him in Moscow the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.,Translate the sentence into Chinese.,但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。,D R _ S_ 2 Hitler expected ,What does this sentence imply?,It implies that Hitlers Russian campaign still ended in failure.,Hitler expected a short campaign but, lik
34、e Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson.,D R _ S_ 2 Napoleon offered ,Paraphrase “offered a truce” and “bide his time”.,“Offer a truce” means “offer an agreement to stop fighting”. “Bide his time” means “wait patiently for a chance”.,Why did the Russian czar say “We shall let the Russian
35、winter fight the war for us”?,Because the Russian winter was raw, bitter, bleak and the Grand Armys supply lines moved slowly, the Russian czar was confident that they would defeat the Grand Army.,Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: “We shall le
36、t the Russian winter fight the war for us.”,D R _ S_ 2The Russian winter ,The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.,Paraphrase the sentence.,The Russian winter at last helped the Soviet soldiers to fight off their enemy.,大军紧追不舍，但它的长驱直入很快由于粮草运输缓慢而停顿下来。,D R _ S_ 3 The Grand Army
37、 ,The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.,become/be/get bogged down: be unable to make progress,Most of the tanks were bogged down because of mechanical defects and inexperienced crews.,The local government got bogged down in problems of ho
38、w to handle the emission of hazardous chemicals by industrial facilities.,Translate the sentence into Chinese.,What is the meaning of “became dogged down”?,D R _ S_ 5 Napoleon confident,1. Whats the function of “confident of a quick victory” in the sentence?,It is an adjective phrase, which serves a
39、s an adverbial modifier (状语), indicating the cause.,Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.,2. What can you infer from the sentence about Napoleons characters?,He is self-confident, but too proud.,D R _ S_ 7 At the Berezina,At the Berezina River, the R
40、ussians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river.,Paraphrase the phrase “the swollen river”.,the swollen river: the rising river,Translate the sentence into Chinese.,在别列兹那河，俄国人焚烧了涨水的河道上的桥梁，差点将后撤的法军困于河边。,D R _ S_ 8 Caught off guard 1,catch off guard: take sb.
41、 by surprise,Whats the meaning of “caught off guard”?,Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to “scorch the earth” in front of the German invaders.,The invitation to his wedding caught me off guard.,The manager didnt know what to say. It was clear
42、 that my question had caught him off guard.,Why did Stalin instruct the Russian people to “scorch the earth”?,In this way, Hitlers army couldnt get any supply.,D R _ S_ Caught off guard 2,苏联领导人约瑟夫斯大林被打了个措手不及，他指示全国人民在德国入侵者到来之前实行“焦土”政策。,What is the meaning of this sentence in Chinese?,D R _ S_ 10 The
43、loss of ,The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler.,Paraphrase the sentence.,In Hitlers Russian campaign, the battle for Stalingrad was a turning point, from which German troops became weak and was at a dilemma.,D R _ word _ raw,raw: adj. cold and wet; not cooked,
44、refined, processed, organized or analyzed,The event took place on a raw February morning.,这块砧板是专门用来切生肉的。,This cutting board is only used to cut raw meat.,Raw materials are the natural substances from which industrial products are made.,On October 4, 1957, Soviet scientists launched the worlds first
45、artificial satellite, called Sputnik.,D R _ word _ launch 1,launch: vt.,Beginning in the early 1960s, humans launched probes to explore other planets.,这家电脑公司今年开始生产一种新产品。,This computer company launches a new product this year.,1) start,2) send (sth.) on its course,D R _ word _ launch 2,Collocation:,l
46、aunch an attack,发动进攻,launch a massive campaign,发动一场大规模的运动,launch a company,开一家公司,launch threats at sb.,向某人发出威胁,launch into,（积极有力地）开始,launch out,（精力充沛或戏剧性地）开始,He launched into a long speech about the danger of taking drugs.,他开始作关于吸毒危险性的长篇演说。,She wants to be more than a singer and is launching out int
47、o films.,她不仅仅是想当一名歌手，而且正在积极涉足电影界。,D R _ word _ campaign 1,campaign: n. a series of military operations or planned activities with a particular aim,在我们城市开展的灭鼠运动开端良好。,The government is launching a massive campaign against corruption.,campaign 通常指在一场大的战争中，某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动，也可作引申用。,campaign, battle &
48、 war 这三个词都是名词，均含有“战斗，战争”之意。,CF:,The campaign against rats in our city got off to a good start.,D R _ word _ campaign 2,battle 强调指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗，或个人之间的争斗。 war 是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。,campaign, battle & war 这三个词都是名词，均含有“战斗，战争”之意。,CF:,Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words
49、 above. Change the form where necessary. 1. Many criminals were proceeded against following World War II. 2. The American presidential lasts for eighteen months.,war,_,campaign,_,D R _ word _ campaign 3,3. It was a decisive we won the because of it. 4. The Philippines had suffered grievously under the Japanese occupation. A highly effective guerillacontrolled sixty percent of the islands, mostly jungle and mountain areas.,battle,_,war,_,campaign,
