1、非谓语动词,不定式、动名词和分词 （现在分词和过去分词）,Part One 不定式 1、不定式作宾语 考点一：能直接以不定式to do sth.作宾语的动词有： Afford, agree, aim, apply, arrange, ask, bother, choose, claim, prefer,dare, decide, decline, demand, desire, expect, determination, fail, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long等。,E.g. Mr. Smith preferred _ (do) heav
2、y work. - He doesnt bother _ (help) you.,考点二：只能接带疑问词的不定式 wh-to do sth.而不能直接带不定式作宾语的动词有： consider, know, discover, discuss, explain, find out, guess, know, inquire, observe, understand,E.g. I dont know _ to deal with this problem. - Well discuss _ to build that factory today.,考点三：有些动词后既可以跟动词不定式也可以跟动名
3、词作宾语，但意思不同。 forget, remember, regret, try, mean, stop,2、动词不定式作宾语补足语 不带to的不定式短语作宾语补足语，与句中的宾语一起构成复合宾语。一种是感官动词：see, hear, watch, feel, notice等。另一种是某些使役动词：make, let, have等。,但是，如果以上动词用于被动语态，则动词不定式的to要保留。 E.g.- I saw the man enter the room yesterday. - He was seen to enter the room yesterday.,3、不带to的动词不定式
4、 在do nothing but/except(只仅)、do anything/everything but/except(只不)后， 即当but前有do的某种形式时，后接不带to的动词不定式。,E.g. The train is late, and I can do nothing but _(wait),注：如果but或except之前没有do,其后的动词则一般带to. E.g.He does nothing but complain. - He desired nothing but to get a job., 在there is no choice/alternative but或t
5、o have no choice/alternative but两个句型中，but 后接带to 的不定式。 E.g. I had no choice but to call in the police.,在had better, would rather, would just as soon, might just as well, cannot (help) but 等之后，都必须接动词原形 E.g. He cannot but ask his teacher to help him.,Part Two动 名 词,考点一：动名词的完成式和被动语态 动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，要用
6、完成式。 E.g.The man confessed to having told a lie to the manager.,当动名词的逻辑主语是其所表示的动作的接受者时，要用被动式。 E.g. After _ (interview) for the job, you will be required to take a language test.,考点二：动名词的复合结构：名词/代词的所有格+动名词/动名词短语，可用来做主语、表语、宾语和介词的宾语。 E.g. Marys coming home is a great pleasure to her family.,-Ann never
7、dream of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon. A. there being a chance B. there to be a chance C. there be a chance D. being a chance,- Excuse _ you again. A. me troubling B. my troubling C. me to trouble - The suspect even denied _. A. he be there last night B. his being there last night,考点三：动名词作宾
8、语只能跟动名词不能跟不定式作宾语的动词有：Acknowledge, admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, cannot help, cannot exist,cannot stand, consider, delay, deny, dislike, dont mind, enjoy, Escape, excuse, fancy, postpone.,只能跟动名词不能跟不定式作宾语的短语动词有：Approve/disapprove of, be accustomed to, be used to, feel like, give up, insist on,
9、 look forward to, object to, persist in, put off, take to等。,考点四：固定句型中的动名词It is no good/no use, there is no need/no point in , how/what about, whats the point of,Be worth, be busy, have difficulty/trouble (in), spend/waste time (in),考点五：deserve, need, require, want 等后面跟动名词的主动语态来表示被动意义 E.g. Your hair
10、wants cutting.,Part Three 分 词,现在分词在语态上表示主动，在时态上表示进行。 现在分词有完成时态、被动语态以及完成被动形式： ：having done, being done, having been done 过去分词在语态上表示被动，在时态上表示完成。,考点一：动词-ing的句法功能 1、作状语。可表示时间、原因、伴随或方式以及结果、条件和让步等。 注：分词短语在句中作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，根据两者之间的主动或被动关系来决定是用现在分词还是过去分词。,E.g.-_ with the size of the whole earth, the highe
11、st mountain does not seem high at all. A) When compared C) While comparing D) Comparing,- _ with the picture, Mary tore it to pieces. A. Dissatisfying thoroughly B. To dissatisfy thoroughly C. Being dissatisfied thoroughly,注：分词短语作让步状语时，有时分词前可用连词when, while, although, even if, even though, whether等。
12、E.g. Although knowing English, she was afraid to speak to the foreigner.,2、作定语 单个分词作定语放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语作定语放在被修饰的名词之后。 E.g. The house being built here is a big project.,3、作宾补 分词作宾补通常跟在一些感官动词和使役动词的宾语后面，如：hear, see, notice, feel, find, leave, make, have, get, keep等，,现在分词作宾补与其逻辑主语为主动关系，表示动作正在进行；过去分词作宾补与其逻
13、辑主语为被动关系，表示动作的完成和结果。若既表动作的进行又表被动就要用现在分词的被动形式。若表过程结束，用不定式。,注：比较不定式、动词-ing和-ed形式作宾补 a. 在使役动词如：have, keep, make, get等后面，常用过去分词作宾补。宾语和宾补是被动关系。 E.g. Dont get your plan changed.,b. have作使役动词用于句型：have sth. done表示事情由别人去做的， Have sb. do sth. 中表示“使某人干某事” E.g.My teacher had me rewrite my paper many times.,考点三：分
14、词独立主格结构 独立主格的选择题常是这样设计的：题句中两个部分各有主语，但用逗号隔开，中间无任何连接词。要注意分词和其主语的主动或被动关系，并注意分词所表示的动作与主句动词所表示的动作时间上的前后关系。,E.g.So many directors _, the board meeting had to be put off. A. been absent B. being absent - The decision _, the next problem was how to make a good plan. A. having made B. having been made,- Weat
15、her _, the picnic will be held as scheduled. A. will permit B. permitting - All the tasks _ ahead of time, they decided to go on holiday for a week. A. having been fulfilled B. had been fulfilled,注：有时这种分词结构可用介词with/there 引出，它们本身没有实际意义，being后面的名词才是其逻辑主语。,E.g.There _ (be) no cause for alarm, she went back to her room. - With all things she _(need), she would leave the market.,
