1、Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。 An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs. 读一点世界史，对学习时事是有帮助的。,练习,I am afraid I cant teach you swimming, I think my little brother is a better teacher than I . 我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。 Both
2、 of the substances are soluble in water. 两种物质都能溶于水。,They were news-hungry. 他们迫切地想得到消息。 In those years the Republicans were in. 那些年是共和党执政。 Bright colors characterizes his paintings. 明亮的色彩是他绘画作品的特征。,The sadness on his face showed that he was overcome with regret. 他悲哀的脸色表明他后悔不已。 They regarded him as a
3、potential adversary. 他们认为他可能是一个对手。,The route was designed to relieve traffic congestion. 这条路线开设的目的是为了缓解交通拥挤。 The navy is now positioned to safeguard both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.,The Wilde family were religious. 王尔德全家都是虔诚的教徒。 The new contract would be good for ten years. 新的合同有效期为10年。,We have
4、 known a similar past of humiliation and exploitation. 在过去,我们都同样遭受到凌辱和剥削。 The Internet allows people the freedom to communicate with each other. 互联网让人们可以自由地相互交流。 Another war will be the absolute end of our country. 再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家。,This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it dif
5、ficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. (1991考研) 这种困境将是确定无疑的, 因为能源的匮乏使农业难以以高能量消耗这种美国耕作方式继续下去了, 而这种耕作方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。 名energy 转为形容词, 形容词possible转为名词, 介with 转为动词,Some of these causes are completely reasonabl
6、e results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. (1996考研) 在这些原因中, 有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求; 另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。( 形容词reasonable 转为副词, 名词results 转为动词, consequences of 转为动宾结构),The emphasis on data gathered fir
7、sthand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. (03考研) 强调收集第一手资料, 加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角, 使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。 名词emphasis、过去分词短语combined with 转为动词,page three 第三页 Chapter te
8、n 第十章 the parties concerned 有关各方面,语序转换,一 词序变化,sum total 总额，总数 consul general 总领事 matters political 政治上的问题,a position unique 独一无二的地位 things foreign 外国事物 the element known 已知的元素,the victory won 所取得的成绩 the mistake made 所犯的错误 a man good and true 一个善良正直的人,英语中，单词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词前，汉语中也大体如此。有时英语中有后置的，但译成汉语时
9、一般都前置。 something important（后置） 重要的事情（前置）， 如果英语中名词前的定语过多，译文中则不宜完全前置，因为汉语不习惯在名词前用过多的定语。,a little，yellow，ragged beggar（前置）， 一个要饭的，身材矮小，面黄肌瘦，衣衫褴褛（后置）,在很多情况下, 英语中的句子成分在翻译时也可根据需要进行转换。所谓句子成分转换的译法，是把句子的某一成分（如主语）译成另一成分（如宾语等）。在多数情况下，词类转译必然导致句子成分的转译，例如：当英语的动词转译为汉语的名词或副词时，该动词的谓语成分也就相应地转译为汉语的主语，宾语或状语等。成分转换的目的是使译
10、文通顺，符合汉语习惯。,二、英译汉句子成分转换,As the match burns, heat and light are given off. 火柴燃烧时发出光和热。(主语转为宾语) The ocean was filled with turtles and fish, ready for the net. 海洋里鱼鳖成群, 张网可得。( 主语转为状语, 宾语转为主语),2.1 主语的转译,Careful comparison of them will show you the difference. 只要仔细把它们比较一下, 你就会发现不同之处。( 主语转为谓语, 宾语转为主语) The
11、 baby doubled its weight in a year.这婴儿的体重一年中长了一倍。( 主语转为定语,宾语转为主语),2.2 谓语的转译,This sort of stone has a relative density of 2.7.这种石头的相对密度是2.7。(宾语转为主语),2.3 宾语的转译,2.4 表语的转译,Thousands of terrified watchers stared with their hearts beating fast. 成千上万的观众目瞪口呆, 心怦怦直跳。(定语转为谓语),2.5 定语的转译,2.6 状语的转译,翻译练习 I am no
12、drinker, nor smoker. The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoing. He has long been an enemy of stilted and pretentious English. The audience who attended the performance varied from tens to thousands. The sailors swarmed into a laughing and cheering ring around the two men.,参考译文 我既不喝酒, 也不抽烟。 小偷战战兢兢地坦白了自己干的坏事。 他一向坚决反对矫揉造作的英语。 观看演出的观众少则几十人, 多则数千人。( 观众人数从几十到数千不等。) 水手们蜂拥而至, 大声笑着, 兴高采烈地将两人围了起来。,
