1、Grammar and Usage,The blue butterfly,flew away.,The red butterfly,is flying away.,一般过去时： 强调过去发生的动作,现在进行时： 强调正在进行的动作,I have flown for five minutes.,five minutes,Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时,现在完成时,现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。 其构成： have (has) +过去分词 e.g. John
2、has broken his left leg.,用法,常用状语,have (has) done,1.从过去开始的动作,一直持续到现在 2.表示曾经做过某事或已经做过某事，对现在造成的影响和结果,1. for, since 2. already, yet, never, ever, just,现在完成时,构成,Madam Qiu has worked in this school for more than thirty years.,Miss Lai and I have stayed here since October.,for more than thirty years since
3、October,for后接的是时间段。 since后接时间点，而且是过去时间。,e.g. Tom has lived here for a long time. I have known all of you since last month.,Fill in the blanks: (for & since) 1. She has learnt English _ three years. 2. She has learnt English _ three years ago.,for,since,three years,3. They have lived here _ 1990. 4.
4、They have lived here _ 21 years.,since,for,21 years,I have just had my breakfast.,影响：现在我不饿。,have breakfast,Im not hungry now,I have seen this film.,see the film,I know the content.,影响：现在电影的内容我已经知道了。,1.yet & already 二者常用于完成时态中。 yet意为“仍然还未”，常用在否定句或疑问句中； already意为“已经”，常用于肯定句中。,词语辨析,例题 (yet & already) 1
5、. Tom has _ left. 2. I havent read todays newspaper _.,already,yet,1.Mums cooked the dinner.Mum _ the dinner. 2.Kids have learned English at school.Kids _ English at school. 3.Ive already had dinner.I _ dinner _. 4. He has just finished his homework.He _ his homework _.,havent had,yet,hasnt finished
6、,yet,hasnt cooked,havent learned,把下列句子改为否定句,2. ever adv.ever意为“曾经”, 与现在完成时连用.Have you ever been to London? ever的反义词是never, 意为“从不; 从未”。Mary has never bought any books.,have been to: 去过某地 (但已经回来, 人不在某地)have gone to: 去某地了 (说话时某人在去某地的途中或已在某地) 句中如果用ever, never, once(一次), twice(两次), three times(三次)等时间状语时,
7、 用 have been to,have gone to & have been to,He has gone to Paris. （他现在在巴黎）,He has been to Paris. （他去过巴黎已经回来了）,1. I _ never _ to China.,have _ been,have _ gone,2. -”Wheres mother? She isnt here.”-”She _ to the supermarket.”,has gone,has been,since + 过去时for + 时间段recentlythese days（近来）during the last +
8、一段时间 in the past +一段时间so far（到目前为止）until now by now,现在完成时的标志,1. So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (2008福建)A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen,2. By now, the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. (2010 山东)A. would save B. savesC. had
9、 saved D. has saved,英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的。终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词或瞬间动词)，非延续性动词表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成, 不能再延续, 所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用。,非延续性动词,start begin,die,leave,arrive,非延续动词与延续性动词的转换 (熟记),come be here leave/go be away (from) borrow keep buy have finish be over begin be on die be dead arrive/get to/ com
10、e / reach be in/at marry/get married (to) be married (to) fall asleep/get to sleep be asleep join the club army be in the clubarmy,1.He has been dead for 3 years.,2.He has died for 3 years.,4.I have had the TV for 5 years.,3.I have bought the TV for 5 years.,判断正误,5. Mr Smith has left . 6. Tom has bo
11、rrowed the book for 2 weeks.,kept,常用固定句型,It is (has been) + 一段时间+ since + 从句 （一般过去时）,翻译：他祖父去世已有两年了。 It is two years since his grandfather died. = It has been two years since his grandfather died.His grandfather has been dead for two years.,常用固定句型,3) This (That/It) is the best/ most interesting/fines
12、t / + that + 从句（现在完成时）1. 这是我看过的最好的电影。It is the best film that I have ever seen.,This is the most delicious food that I have ever eaten.,2. 这是我吃过的最好吃的食物。,Review,have been to have gone to,现在完成时用法,1.从过去开始的动作,一直持续到现在 2.表示曾经做过某事或已经做过某事，对现在造成的影响和结果,去某地，回来了 去某地，还没回来,延续动词和非延续动词,一般过去时与现在完成时的区别,一般过去时表示过去某个时间发
13、生的动作，与具体的过去时间状语连用。现在完成时强调对现在的影响，不与具体过去时间状语连用，但可与ever, never等词连用。,yesterday,tomorrow,three days ago,last year,next year,the day after tomorrow,several days,two hours,many years,once,twice,since,already,yet,ever,just,现在完成时必备词Review,since+时间点,already与肯定句连用,yet与否定句或疑问句连用,反义词：never,one time,two times,谓语动
14、词之前,I finished my homework an hour ago.I have already finished my homework.,一般过去式,一般过去式,现在完成时,现在完成时,I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生在过去某个时间） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，即电影的内容已经知道了）,Form: have/has been doing,the Present Perfect Continuous Tense 现在完成进行时,构成: have/has + been + doing,2)它的肯定、否定及
15、疑问形式：,肯定句: I have been working.She has been working.,否定句: I have not been working.He has not been working.,现在完成进行时的概念,疑问句: Have I been working?Has she been working?,现在完成进行时,The boy started having dinner five minutes ago. He is still having dinner now. The boy _ (have) dinner since five minutes ago.,
16、has been having,现在完成进行时的用法1,表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能持续下去.,learned,learn,learn,We have been learning English since 2008.,The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.,中国人有2000年的造纸历史。,动作还将继续下去,她肯定累了，因为她一天一直在跳舞。,She must be tired, for she has been dancing all day.,现在完成时和 现在完成进行时的比较,did,did,现在完成时,现
17、在完成进行时,比较：,Li Jia _ (read) a book about Stonehenge. (She finished reading the book.) Li Jia _ (read) a book about Stonehenge. (She is still reading the book.),has read,has been reading,1. Although these scientists _ on the project for nearly four years, I dont know how long it will last.A. have been
18、 working B. had workedC. were working D. are working,2. There is so much snow these days, isnt there? Yes, it _ for a few days.A. was snowing B. has been snowingC. had been snowing D. snowed,3. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.A. hasnt written B. doesnt writeC. wont write D. hadnt written,Spoondrift of Youth,Thank you!,青春 我们一起走,
