1、专题（九） 动词【学习目标】 1. 掌握动词常考的八种时态 2. 掌握动词的做题技巧3. 能够运用动词的两种语态【学生自学】 1 英语的动词时态共有_ 种。中考常考的有八种，他们是_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _2. 总结每种时态的构成，完成【预习展示】13. 动词有哪两种语态？_ _表示主语是动作的执行者，_表示主语是动作的承受者.4. 总结被动语态的构成，完成【预习展示】2【预习展示】1. 动词时态的构成（以 speak 为例）时态 构成 时态 构成一般现在时 speak/ _(三单) 现在进行时 am/is/are_一般过去时 _ 过去进行时 _一般将来时 shall/will_am/is
2、/are _现在完成时 has/have_过去将来时 should/would _ 过去完成时 _2. 动词的被动语态的构成（以 give 为例）常用被动语态 构成 时态 构成一般现在时 am/is/are _ 现在进行时 am/is/are _一般过去时 _ 过去进行时 _一般将来时 shall/will _现在完成时 has/have_过去将来时 should/would_ 过去完成时 _含有情态动词的被动语态can/must/may/_【教师 精讲】1. 一般现在时的用法 （1）表示经常发生的动作或者经常存在的状态。经常和表示时间的状语 often，always， usually，som
3、etimes，every day 等连用。在一般现在时中，当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词为三单。例如：我姐姐经常步行去上学。My sister _.（2）表示某种习惯或者能力，也可以表示职业、特征等。例如：这种小汽车跑得非常快。This kind of car_.（3）表示客观事实、客观规律或者客观真理。例如：地球是围绕太阳转的。The Earth _. （4）在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，表示将来的动作。例如：我告诉他们时，他们会很高兴的。Theyll be so happy when_. （5）在表示日程的句子或者时刻表中，表示将来的动作。例如：会议五点开始。The meeting _
4、.2. 一般过去时的用法： （1）表示过去经常发生的动作或者过去经常存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语 yesterday，just now，a moment ago，last week/ year/ night，in 1985，in those days，when I was at middle school 等连用。例如：They _ _(go)to college last year. （2）表示过去接连发生的一系列动作。例如：We played football first，then _(go)boating and fishing,，and at last_(have) a picn
5、ic there. （3）在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。She told me that she _ (not leave)until I came back. 注意：（1）表示过去经常或反复的动作，而现在却不这样做了，也可以用 used to +动词原形来表示。例如：I used to get up very late. （2）如果主句的谓语动词是现在完成时，since 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。例如：We have made a lot of friends since we _(come)here. （3）谈论某人的出生日期经常用一般过去时。例如：When _(
6、be)you born? （4）熟记不规则动词表。3. 现在进行时的用法： （1）表示说话的时候正在发生的动作，经常与时间状语 now，at present，at this time/ moment等连用。 例如：The boys _(paly)football over there now.（2）表示现阶段正在进行着的动作，但不一定在说话时正在进行。经常与 now，these d等时间状语连用。例如：I _(learn) French in Beijing these days. （3）一些瞬间动词的现在进行时可以表示一般将来时表示“即将” ，常有表示将来的时间状语。常用的这类动词有 go,
7、 come, leave, start, arrive, work, have, stay, play, return 等。例如：Hurry up! The bus is_(come). 注意：（1）表示状态和感觉的动词如果指现在情况的话，一般不用于进行时，而要用一般现在时。这样的动词有：love, like, hate, want, hope, need, wish, know, understand, remember, belong, hear, see, seem, have(有), sound(听起来), taste（尝起来）等。（2）always 和进行时连用，往往不表示动作正在进
8、行，而是表示某种情感。例如：Shes always helping people. 她老是帮助别人。(赞扬) They were always quarrelling. 他们总是吵架。 （厌烦）4. 过去进行时的用法： 表示说话的过去某个时候或某一阶段正在进行的动作。这一特定时间除了有上下文暗示外，经常和表示过去时间的状语 then，a moment ago，at this time yesterday，at ten last night，at that time/ moment 等连用。例如：What _you _(do)at this time yesterday? I _(cook) w
9、ith my mother. 5. 一般将来时的用法： 表示将来发生的动作或者存在的状态。常和表示将来的时间状语，如 tomorrow，next week/ year/ month，this afternoon/ evening，tonight，in a few days，when he comes 等连用。 例如：I _(help)you tomorrow. 注意：be going to+动词原形，常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事，也用于表示必然或很可能发生的事。例如：They are _(finish)the work this evening. 他们打算今天晚上完成这项工作。6. 过去将
10、来时的用法： 表示过去某个将来时间发生的动作或者存在的状态。第一人称用 should动词原形，其他人称用 would动词原形。也可以用 was/were +going +to 动词原形。过去将来时经常用在宾语从句中，主句的谓语动词是一般过去时。例如：Your father said he_(visit)your school next week.They said they _(come)the next day. 7. 现在完成时的用法： （1）表示动作发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果，而这种影响或者结果往往是说话人的兴趣所在。常用的状语有 already, yet, not yet
11、, just 等。例如：公共汽车已经来了。The bus _(come) here. （2）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作。常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如 today, this week/ month/ summer, lately, recently, these days, so far, in the past few days, since the end of last year, for a long time，by this time 等。例如： We _(live)here for two year s. 注意：（1）buy，borrow，die 等非延续
12、性动词（也称为瞬间动词）的肯定形式一般不能和表示一段时间的 for 短语及 since 短语（或从句）连用，这时要用相应的动词代替这些非延续性动词。例如：() I have bought the bike for two years. 我买这辆自行车两年了。() I have had the bike for two years. 瞬间动词与延续动词的转换：buyhave stopbe over leavebe away come backbe back borrowkee p diebe dead beginbe on fall asleepbe asleeparrivebe here ge
13、t upbe up joinbe inbe a member（2）注意以下表示法的含义及用法：have been (to): 去过（某地） （表示人已不在那里）have gone (to)：去（某地）了 （表示人不在这里）have been in +一段时间: 已在某地一段时间了例如：He has been to Hangzhou several times. 他到过杭州几次了。He has gong to Hangzhou, so he cant help us. 他去杭州了，所以他不可能帮助我们。He has come to our city. Lets go to visit him.
14、他已经到我们城市来了，我们去拜访他吧。She has been in London for half a year. 她在伦敦已经半年了。（3）Since 用法小结：since +过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。 I have been here since 1989. since +一段时间+ ago I have been here since five months ago. since +从句 Great changes have taken place since you left. It is +一段时
15、间+ since 从句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student （4）现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调过去这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等或持续到现在，所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示过去的事实，和过去的时间状语连用，不表示和现在的关系。例如：Have you seen the film? Yes, I have. (表示结果：已经看过了，因此了解了这部电影)When did you see it? I saw it last Sunday. (表示事实：过去做的一件事的时间)He
16、 has taught this class for two years. （现在仍教着，已持续了两年）He taught this class for two years. （过去教过）8. 过去完成时的用法： 过去完成时和现在完成时的用法基本相似，表示某个动作在过去的某个时间之前已经完成，即“过去的过去” 。（1）过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去” 。例如： When I woke up, it _(stop)raining. （2）当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。如： He told
17、me that he _(write) a new book. （3）过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already ，yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等时间副词及 by ， before ， until 等引导的短语或从句连用。 Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years. Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stam
18、ps by the time he was ten. （4）过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束,仍然有继续下去的可能。例如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. 9. 动词的语态： （1）定义：英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态（The Passive Voice） 。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，例如：Many people speak English
19、. (主动语态)English is spoken by many people. (被动语态)（2）句式构成被动语态由“助动词 be +及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词 be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与 be 作为连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下： 肯定句：主语+ be+ 过去分词 +（by） eg. He is often asked to do this work (by his boss).否定句：主语+ be not +过去分词 +（by） eg. I am not invited to the party (by him).一般疑问句：Be +
20、 主语+过去分词+ （by）？ eg. Are your clothes washed by yourself?特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be+主语 +过去分词+ （by）？ eg. What is this sweater made of?各种时态的被动语态的构成，见【预习展示】2（3）被动语态的用法：当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 例如：This jacket _(make) of cotton.强调动作的承受者时。例如：The boy _(save) at last.这个男孩最后得救了。注意：（1 ）在使役动词 h
21、ave，make，get，let 以及感官动词see，find，watch，notice，hear，feel 等后面不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。例如：Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 变被动语态后，改为：A stranger was seen_ into the building.（2）有些谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义英语中有很多动词，如： break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词
22、来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。例如：This kind of cloth _.这种布料很好洗。（3）主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock.(指门本身有毛病)The door wont be locked.(指不会有人来锁门，表示“门没有锁”是人的原因)【演练展示】直击中考（ ）1. -Mum, _ shall we have lunch?-We will have it when your dad_.（2012 年安徽）A. when; returns B. where; returns
23、 C. where; will return D. when; will return（ ）2. -Tomorrow will be Fathers Day. What will you do for your father?- I will say “I love you, Daddy“ as soon as he _ up. （2007 年南通）A. will wake B. is waking C. wakes D. woke（ ）3. Our teacher said light_ faster than sound. （2007 年宿迁）A. travelled B. has tra
24、velled C. is travelling D. travels（ ）4. -I called you at 4:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered. （2011 河南）-Sorry, I _ with my friends at that time. A. swim B. swam C. will swim D, was swimming（ ） 5. -I was very angry with John. He just_ when I spoke to him. (2011 徐州)A. isnt listening B. hasnt
25、 listened C. didnt listen D. wasnt listening（ ）6. -Are you going to the bank, Laura? -No, I _ to the bank already.（2011 徐州）A. have been B. have gone C. am going D. had been（ ）7. Alan, its late. Why not go to bed?（2011 广东） Jenny hasnt come back yet. I _ for her.A. waited B. have waited C. am waiting
26、D. was waiting（ ）8. -Where is my sister, mu m?- She _ to the library. She will be back soon.（2011 山东）A. has been B. is going C. has gone D. will go（ ）9. Hurry up! Our friends _ for us. （2011 年南京）A. wait B. are waiting C. will wait D. have waited（ ）10. Mrs White _dinner when her son came home.（2011 浙
27、江）A. is cooking B. was cooking C. are cooking D. were cooking（ ）11. When should I hand in my paper?-Your paper must _as soon as the bell_(2011 深圳)A. hand in :ring B. hand in ; will ring C. be handed in : will ring D. be handed in : rings（ ） 12. The boss made him work 14 hours a day, that means he _w
28、ork 14 hours a day.(2011 广州)A. was made B. made C. was making D. was made to（ ）13. -Can you sing this English song ?-Of course, I can. It _many times on the radio.(2010 南京)A. taught B. has taught C. is taught D. has been taught（ ）14. Its reported that Nanjing South Railway Station at the end of this
29、 month. （2011 南京）A. has been completed B. is completed C. was completed D. will be completed（ ）15. A Disneyland Park _in Shanghai Pudong New Area in the near future. (2011 上海)A. builds B. has built C. will built D. will be built【当堂检测】 （10 分）Since 1946, one of the most important inventions has been t
30、he computer. It has been changing all our lives.The first computer _1_ (build) in 1946. It _2_ (be) as large as a room and very difficult and slow _3_ (use). But since the invention of silicon “chip”（硅片） ，computers _4_ (become) smaller, easier and faster to operate. Some computers _5_ (be) as small
31、as TV sets. Some can even _6_ (make) smaller than a book. And computers _7_ (get) smaller and smaller all the time. Who knows what the computers of tomorrow _8_ (be) like?There _9_ (be) several reasons why the computer is useful to us. First, a lot of information can _10_ (put) into computer. Second
32、, the computer works very quickly-thousands of times faster than a man and it will not be tired. Third, modern computers can be built into other kinds of machines, like radios, cars and planes. So today people can spend less time doing more work with a computer.1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_6_ 7_ 8_ 9_10_【评价反馈】个人得分 小组得分 自我评价（目标达成情况或记录还未掌握的内容）【课后作业】
