1、Object Clauses,Grammar,在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的一种从句, 它内容完整, 句型结构较为复杂, 主句和从句时态搭配要求严格, 在中考试题中频频出现。而且学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础。学习宾语从句并不难，只要你能过好下面的三道关：,第一关 选好连接词 (也叫关联词),1. 连词 that:只起连接作用, 在从句中不作句子成分, 也无词汇意义, 在口语中或非正式文体中常被省略。例如:,引导宾语从句的连接词, 课本上写有三类, 但从学习的角度看分为四类更为实用。,1) He knew
2、(that) he should work hard. 2) I am glad (that) youve passed the exam. 2. 连词 whether 或 if: 它们起连接作用, 在从句中不作句子成分, 作“是否”解, 口语中多用 if。例如:,3) Do you know whether he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning？ (注: 2002上海市徐汇区中考试题填上答案后的句子。以下再有这种例句, 都为2002年中考题, 只写某地。),4) Tom didnt know ifwhether his grandpa liked t
3、he present 作“是否” 解的 if 和 whether 在具体用法上差别较大, 同学们不易掌握。在宾语从句中用 whether 没有用 if时受到那么多限制。例如:,5) He asked me whether or not I was coming. 他问我是否要来。(该句中的whether不能换成 if, 因为 if 不能与 or 连用。) 3. 连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which: 它们起连接作用, 作句子成分, 各有其自己的意义。例如:,6) The teacher asked the new student which class he w
4、as in？(武汉市) (which引导宾语从句, 在从句中作定语, 修饰 class, 意为“哪个”。) 7) Can you tell me whom he is waiting for？(天津市),4. 连接副词 when, where, why, how: 起连接作用, 分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语, 各有其自己的意义。例如:,8) I wonder where he got so much money. 对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。( where 在从句中作地点状语, 修饰 got, 意为“哪里; 什么地方”。) 9) He didnt tell me how old hi
5、s friend was(四川省) (how引导宾语从句, 作程度状语, 修饰old, 意为“怎样;如何”等意。),第二关 牢记宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序, 即“连接词主语谓语其他”。这里特别强调的是, 它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语序,不是疑问句的倒装语序。,例如: 10) You must remember what your teacher said(河南省) 11) Dad, do you know when the football game will start？ In half an hour(宁波市),12) 汉译英: 你能不能告诉我, 我们去看望谁？ 误: Can you
6、tell me who (m) do we have to see？ 正: Can you tell me who (m) we have to see？,错句的错误出在宾语从句中误用了疑问句的结构主语前加了个助动词do。因为我们已经习惯了特殊疑问句, 如: What time does the plane arrive in Paris? 就顺口说出“Do you know what time does the plane arrive in Paris?” 这种错误句子来。,但是一旦我们注意了, 我们不久就习惯于说“Do you know what time the plane arriv
7、es in Paris？”了。,第三关 注意时态的呼应。,13) 汉译英:我原以为你今天有空的。 误: I thought (that) you are free today. 正: I thought (that) you would be free today.,宾语从句中谓语动词的时态, 常常受主句谓语时态的制约, 这种现象称为“时态的呼应”。例如：,错句中宾语从句用 are 很可能是因为有 today, 但因为主句谓语是thought, 所以从句谓语就该用过去将来时 would be 了。 这种时态的呼应, 如果主句谓语是现在时或将来时, 宾语从句的谓语时态不受限制,如上述例句 2),
8、 3), 7), 8), 10), 11), 12)。,如果主句时态是过去时, 宾语从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等）。例如:,14) He thought he was working for the people,15) I heard she had been to the Great Wall 16) John hoped that he would find a job soon 但宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理等, 则不变化： 17) The teacher told us that the earth moves around
9、 the sun,1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book A. that B. how C. what D. if 2. I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us He will help us with our English A. why B. when C. how D. where,巩固与检测,D,A,3. We never know _ the old man is. They say h
10、e is a teacher. A. what B. who C. which D. where 4. I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when,D,A,5. Do you know _? Im going to see him Sorry, I dont know. A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live C. where Mr. Li
11、lives D. where Mr. Li lived,C,6. Where do you think _ he _ the computer？ Sorry, I have no idea A.; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy,A,7. I dont feel very well. Mum asked me _ this morning. A. what the matter is B. what is wrong C. what the matter was D. what wrong was,C,8. Where is Jack？ He is away to spend his holiday. Hes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but Im not sure _. A. that B. which C. where D. there,C,
