1、,Good Evening !,四(六)级题型及占分比例,I. Writing :15%, 30minutes,120words. II. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning, about 1000words) :10%, 15minutes. III. Listening Comprehension: 35%, 35minutes. IV. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth): 10%+15%, 25minutes. V. Cloze: 10%, 15minutes. VI. Translat
2、ion: 5%, 5minutes.,考前复习,1. 多读(朗读和阅读),多听 2. 多做练习(真题和模拟题) 3. 多背( 背单词,背句子,背听力录音,背文章) 4. 多写(写作文或者日记, 日志),Writing (30分钟内写一篇不少于120字的作文),（一）出题类型：1. 分析型作文(分析别人的观点、某些问题、事物作用、社会现象等+“我”的看法、观点或者是提出解决问题的方法）。 例 2009年6月真题： Free Admissions to Music? 1. 越来越越多的博物馆现在免费向公众开放，目的是 2.有人认为这样做会带来一些问题 3. 在我认为2008年12月真题 Limit
3、ing the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags 1. 一次性塑料袋曾广为使用 2. 由此带来的问题 3 .限制使用一次塑料袋的意义2. 应用文 例 2005年1月真题 A Campaign Speech 1. 你认为自己具备了什么条件(能力,性格,爱好等)可以胜任学生会主席的工作 2.如果当选,你将为本校同学做些什么2004年1月真题 A Letter of Reply to a Friend 1. 建议报考的专业及理由 2. 报考该专业的基本条件 3. 应当如何备考3. 谚语型作文 例 1997年1月真题 Practice Makes Perfect 1. 熟能
4、生巧是什么; 2. 例如英语学习; 3. 又如4. 图文型作文 例 2002年6月真题 1. 上图所示为1990年,1995年,2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况,请描述其变化; 2.请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机用途,价格或社会发展等方面加以说明); 3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题.,作文应试技巧,1. 先构思再动笔写,保持卷面整齐清洁. 2. 围绕题目,展开各个要点,分段写;切忌离题. 3. 尽量多写,一定要写够字数.,如何准备?,1.多阅读英文资料; 2.平时经常用英语思维想问题; 3. 多动笔写; 4. 背句型,范文.,Part I Writing,Dire
5、ctions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled To Be a Qualified Global Citizen. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1.当今社会全球化趋势日益加强，每个人都是世界大家庭的一分子。 2. 大学生应该如何从我做起，做一个合格的“世界公民”,To Be a Qualified Global Citizen,With the growing tre
6、nd of globalization, citizens all over the world are more liking living in one extended familythe Earth. Family membersEasterners or Westerners, young or old, male or femaleshould contribute to its harmonious construction and development.Basically, to be a qualified global citizen means to think and
7、 act on global terms. As the hope and backbone of the country, contemporary Chinese college students should always bear in mind issues of common concern, such as energy crisis, environment pollution, global warming, terrorism, etc. actions speak louder than words. Qualified global citizens will take
8、 action in their daily life: using recyclable materials, saving water, electricity and other natural resources, and respecting other people and their valuesThe slogan of the 29th Olympic games held in Beijing says: “one world, one dream.” only when we share responsibility, care about and collaborate
9、 with each other, can we realize our dream and live in harmony as global citizens.,II.快速阅读,篇幅:一篇约1000字的文章. 时间:15分钟. 题型:7道选择题,3道填空题. 占分:10%,每题1分. 考点: 1.略读:考核考生通过快速阅读获取主旨大意或中心思想的能力,阅读速度每分钟100字.2.查读:考核考生利用各种数字,专有名词,段首或段尾等,快速查找特定信息能力. 考查重点:快速并准确定位找到答案.,快速阅读查找答案的6个定位技巧,一. 利用题目中的数字定位.数字包括阿拉伯数字,百分数,货币数目,时间
10、等. 二. 利用题目中的人名,地名等专有名词定位.专有名词一般以大写字母开头,因此在文章中较显眼,容易找. 三. 利用题目中的特殊符号定位. 这些特殊符号包括: 双引号(“ ”),复合词之间的连接词(-),破折号(), 以及国家(如U.S.,U.K.),专门机构或者某些专业名词(如GDP)的字母缩写符号等. 四. 利用题目中的长词,难词,生单词定位. 五. 利用文中出现的小标题定位.如果题目里边涉及的内容刚好是文中某个小标题的内容,那么就快速回到这个小标题的段落里边找.一般看段落的首句或尾句,如找不到,再慢慢找中间的句子. 六. 根据出题的顺序性定位. 一般来讲,题目的顺序跟原文的信息源信息相
11、同,也就是前一题如果在第一段可以找到答案,那第二题可能在第一段剩下的句子里找,或者是在第二段,第三段.第三题在第四段第五段顺着顺序找.,快速阅读实例,GPSThe Global Positioning System is a space-based triangulation system using satellites and computers to measure positions anywhere on earth. It is first and foremost a defense system developed by the United States Department
12、 of Defense, and is referred to as the “Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging Global Positioning System” or NAVSTAR GPS. The uniqueness of this navigational system is that it avoids the limitations of other land-based systems such as limited geographic coverage, lack of continuous 24-hour coverage
13、, and the limited accuracies of other related navigational instruments. (8.) Limited geographic coverage, lack of continuous 24-hour coverage, and the limited accuracies of other related navigational instruments are the disadvantages of _. Key: other land based systems. The high accuracies obtainabl
14、e with the Global Position System also make it a precision survey instrument.GPS Components: the Space Segment, the Control Segment, and the User Segment.(1)The components of GPS include_. Key:）the Space Segment, the Control Segment, and the User Segment Space SegmentThe Space Segment of the system
15、consists of the GPS satellites. These space vehicles (SVs) send radio signals from space.(2) GPS satellites send radio signals_. Key:）from space The GPS Operational Constellation consists of 24 satellites that orbit the earth in 12 hours. There are often more than 24 operational satellites as new on
16、es are launched to replace older satellites. The satellite orbits repeat almost the same ground track (as the earth turns beneath them) once each day. The orbit altitude is such that the satellites repeat the same track and area over any point approximately each 24 hours (4 minutes earlier each day)
17、. There are six orbital planes (with four SVs in each), equally spaced (60 degrees apart), and inclined at about fifty-five degrees with respect to the equatorial(赤道的) plane. This constellation provides the user with between five and eight SVs visible from any point on the earth.,快速阅读实例,Control Segm
18、entThe Control Segment consists of a system of tracking stations located around the world.The Master Control facility is located at Shriver Air Force Base (formerly Falcon AFB) in Colorado. These monitor stations measure signals from the SVs which are incorporated into orbital models for each satell
19、ites. The models computer precise orbital data and SV clock corrections for each satellite. The Master Control station uploads orbital data and clock data and to the SVs. The SVs then send subsets of the orbital ephemeris(星历表)data to GPS receivers over radio signals. User SegmentThe GPS User Segment
20、 consists of the GPS receivers and the user community. GPS receivers change SV signals into position, speed, and time estimates. Four satellites are required to compute the four dimensions of X, Y, Z (position) and Time. GPS receivers are used for navigation, positioning, time distribution, and othe
21、r research.Navigation in three dimensions is the primary function of GPS. ()What kind of data does Navigation, the primary function of GPS, involve? key:）Data of three dimensions. Navigation receives are made for aircraft, ships, ground vehicles, and for hand carrying by individuals. Precise positio
22、ning is possible using GPS receivers at reference locations providing corrections and relative positioning data for remote receivers. Surveying, geodetic control, and plate tectonic studies are examples.Time and frequency distribution, based on the precise clocks on board the SVs and controlled by t
23、he monitor stations, is another use for GPS. Astronomical observatories, telecommunications facilities, and laboratory standards can be set to precise time signals or controlled to accurate frequencies by special purpose GPS receivers.,快速阅读实例,Research projects have used GPS signals to measure atmosp
24、heric parameters. GPS AccuracyAt present the system consists of 24 satellites at an altitude of about 20,000 km having an orbital inclination of 55 degrees. The orbits are almost circular and it takes 12 hours for a satellite to complete a pass around the Earth. GPS signals are broadcast from a clus
25、ter of 24 or more earth orbiting satellites. Because the GPS signals are derived from the atomic frequency standards on board each satellite, they are widely used as a reference for time synchronization and frequency adjustment. The real time positioning accuracy of a single receiver is normally up
26、to 100 meters horizontally and 150 meters vertically. However, various methods have been developed which enable much higher accuracy (centimeter level). ()The highest positioning accuracy of a receiver can now reach_. Key: C) centimeter-level GPS ReceiversThere are a variety of different types of GP
27、S receivers on the market for commercial and public use. Prices range from 500 to 30,000, reflecting the accuracy and capabilities of the instruments. (9. )The prices of various GPS receivers are determined by _.key: the/their accuracy and capabilities. For the general outdoorsman, a good GPS receiv
28、er should have 8 satellite tracking capability and be capable of receiving the GPS satellite signals through forest covering in northern Ontario shield area; for the professional user, a minimum 8 satellite tracking capability, high memory capacity, differential GPS capability, and resistance to sig
29、nal weakening under forest covering is essential; for the professional surveyor requiring high level precision and accuracy capability, they should assess the project or application for which the technology is to be used with the help of an unbiased consults, in order to determine the most cost effe
30、ctive and appropriate instrument.,快速阅读实例,Navigational UnitsSmall hand held units at relatively low cost allow boaters and hikers to know their position within a few hundred meters. This accuracy is sufficient for recreational use. (10. )The accuracy of a hand held GPS unit at relatively low price is
31、 good enough for _ key: recreational use MappingA hand held or similar unit at mid-range price that is linked to a fixed broadcast base station. (5). GIS mapping may be done with a hand held or similar unit at_. key: B) medium-range price These units allow utility companies, municipalities and other
32、s to locate various items (telephone poles, waterlines, valves) with a positional tolerance of several meters. This is suitable for some Geographical Information System (GIS) mapping purposes. GPS and Policing GPS technology offers numerous benefits to law enforcement agencies of all types. For some
33、 agencies, the navigational capabilities offered by GPS enhance efficiency and safety. These navigational applications can be used to support a variety of policing and criminal justice functions. Other agencies use GPS positioning technologies to carry out special operations or to provide enhanced p
34、ersonnel safety.For example, using computerized maps of their rights given by law, cooperated with GPS, aviation personnel can determine location, speed and time. 6. With the help of computerized maps and GPS, aviation personnel can find out_. Key: A) Location, speed and timeThe positioning capabili
35、ties offered by GPS may also contribute to the success of specialized law enforcement operations such as in controlling vehicles. One such program operated in Minneapolis led to a 60% reduction in auto theft after only one month. (7). Thanks to the GPS system, the auto theft rate in Minneapolis had
36、been reduced by_. Key: C) sixty percent in a month,快速阅读实例,The automatic vehicle location systems can not only provide efficiency of response and help ensure officer safety, but also provide officer with accurate information concerning the best response route to an incident. What is more, they can pr
37、ovide officers information that allows the closest patrol officers to be dispatched to a particular incident.Advanced Transportation Management Systems (ATMS) are heavily dependant upon GPS technology to provide data about the road system. GPS allows for law enforcement personnel to clear roadway bl
38、ockages to ensure the safety of motorist.Most people associate law enforcement with the prevention, reduction, and prosecution of criminal activity. In fact, a large portion of local law enforcement resources are involved in facilitating the movement of people and vehicles in a safe manner.In conclu
39、sion, large-volume commercial applications such as cellular phones, personal communication systems, and in-vehicle navigation systems will fuel continued development of these technologies. What was ultimately the domain of the Department of Defense is rapidly becoming available for business, private
40、 and general government use. GPS applications for policing.,快速阅读实例,The components of GPS include_. ）the Space Segment, the Control Segment, and the Navigational Units ）the Space Segment, the Control Segment, and the GPS Receivers ）the Space Segment, the Control Segment, and the User Segment ）the Spa
41、ce Segment, the User Segment, and the GPS Receivers GPS satellites send radio signals_. ）from space ）to space ）from the earth ）to other satellites What kind of data does Navigation, the primary function of GPS, involve? ）Data of two dimensions. ）Data of three dimensions. ）Data of four dimensions. ）D
42、ata of one dimension. The highest positioning accuracy of a receiver can now reach_.A) meter-level B) kilometer-level C) centimeter-level D) millimeter-level5. GIS mapping may be done with a hand held or similar unit at_.A) high-range price B) medium-range price C. low-range price D) Unaffordable pr
43、ice6. With the help of computerized maps and GPS, aviation personnel can find out_.A) Location, speed and time B) Time, speed and height C) Location, time and height D) Location, time and wind speed7. Thanks to the GPS system, the auto theft rate in Minneapolis had been reduced by_.A) fifty percent
44、in a month B) seventy percent in a month C) sixty percent in a month D) forty percent in a month8. Limited geographic coverage, lack of continuous 24-hour coverage, and the limited accuracies of other related navigational instruments are the disadvantages of_. 9. The prices of various GPS receivers
45、are determined by _. 10. The accuracy of a hand held GPS unit at relatively low price is good enough for _. 答案： Other land-based systems. 9. the/their accuracy and capabilities. 10. recreational use.,III. Listening,一.时间:35分钟 二.占分:35分.选择题每题1分,单词0.5分一个,句子2分一题. 三.题型:(1) 8段短对话,每段设置一个问题,构成一个选择题,总共8题选 择题(
46、2) 2段长对话,每段设置3个或者4个问题,构成3个或者4个选择题,总共7题选择题.(3) 短文理解3篇,每段设置3个或者4个问题,构成3个或者4个选择题.总共10题选择题.选择题总分:8题短对话(8分)+7题长对话(7分)+10题短文理解(10分)=25分.以上所有录音只读一遍.(4) 复合式听写1篇,设8个单词填空和3个句子听写,此部分朗读3遍.分值:0.58+23=10分.总分:25+10=35分=245分,听力做题技巧,1.必须在听录音之前把所有选项内容看完. 2. 预读时如发现选项中有两项意思相同或者相似,可以初步排除这两个(以上)同(近)义选项,听录音时注重听其他的选项. 3. 形
47、态相似的选项预示着答案.四个选项中如果存在两项形似,答案极可能是其中之一,听录音时重点注意此类选项,往往可轻松选出正确的答案. 4. 语意对立的选项预示答案.四个选项中如果存在两个意思相反的选项,答案极可能是其中一个,可带着着个期待去听录音,往往收效不错. 5. 预读时抓住选项给予的信息,推测大概将要听到的内容.这样做可帮助听录音时注意力集中,不容易走神.,短对话答题技巧,一.预读选项. 二.强烈语气揭示答案.在短对话听力题中,有时会出现带强烈语气的句子,如感叹句:You look perfect/terrible!;简短的回答语,如:Really?/Why not/Oh, no!/Terri
48、fic/Thrilling!和反问句等.对于这类包含强烈语气的对话题,考查点往往是对这些特殊话语结构的含义的理解.这样强烈的语气是针对第一个人的话而来的,它要么是对第一个人的话表示强烈的肯定与支持,要么表示强烈的否定. 11. A) He did not think the course was useful. B) He thought the course was wonderful.C) He wanted to take more optional courses.D) He could not understand the professors lecture. 录音: W. I h
49、eard that you had taken an optional course last semester. Hows it going?M. Terrific! The professor really made me in love with biology.Q: What did the man imply? 综上所述,11题答案选B. 三. 答非所问,必有弦外之音.在短对话中,如果第一个人使用了一般疑问句,通常情况下,第二个人应该用YES或NO来回答.但是,在有些短对话听力中,我们经常听到的却是YES/NO的变体,即回答中不仅没有出现YES或NO,而且有时候还会用问句来回答.这是出题人往往会考查对第二个人的回答的理解.如果第二个人对第一个人的一般疑问句不作直接回答,则通常表示第二个人对第一个人所提及的内容持否定态度,或者是带条件的肯定态度.正确答案即可由此猜出. 12. A) she read only part of the book.B) she is interested in reading novels.C) she seldom reads books from cover to cover.D) she was eager to know what the book was about.,
