1、writing,JOANNA,写作概述实际样例参考运用（模考分析+下发资料）写作语法黄金结构高分策略之词汇替换高分策略之句型多样化评分标准及建议,概述,写,听,读,译,30 mins 15%,30 mins 35%,40 mins 35%,30 mins 15%,大学英语四级试卷的结构,你知道四级的答题顺序吗?,作文,段落翻译,听力,长篇阅读,仔细阅读,在答题纸1上作答, 完成后交答题纸1.剩下题目在答卡2上作答.,选词填空,全国大学英语四级考试答题卡1,全国大学英语四级考试答题卡2,1. 审题（1-2mins)2. 构思提纲 (3-5mins，确定主题)3. 写文章 (20mins)4. 修
2、改检查 (5mins),写作概述,Steps,pre-writing :仔细阅读题干，确定写作主题Para.1: describe the picture 简要描述漫画（who, what, when, where ） 开门见山TIPS: 1.写作的directions 部分虽然给出了大致的主题，但是也要求考生对漫画进行描述，切忌抛开漫画内容直接议论！（模考作文问题一）,TIPS: 2. 漫画的内容一定要符合图片，切忌无中生有！（模考作文问题二） The boy thought deeplyThe boy feel ashemed and says nothing.The boy stops
3、playing and learning a lot.The boy is making a plan and the grandpa is encouraing him,para2：全文的核心段 give your opinion about the phenomenon conveyed in the picture and interpret its meaning/message揭示主题（观点）并加以解释和说明论证;揭示现象(问题)并阐述现象（问题）产生的原因。TIPS：可以从2-3个方面进行阐述，也可以将这部分分为两段。,Para3.：give your conclusion. (a
4、) 提出建议，重申观点 主题句 (b) 对如何解决漫画中所反映的问题提出合理建议或总结观点。TIPS：主题句的复述不是简单地重复，通常需符合如果在段末，用强调词转换方式连接。与主题句保持意思一致，更进一层。转换方式：词对应，同根，逆向,EXAMPLES,主题句：you should confirm every appointment when you do business in US.主题句复述：In business circle in US, businessman usually makes sure every appointment.2. 主题句：To perceive is mo
5、re important than to judge.主题句复述句：It is of great importance to perceive to judge.OR To perceive is no less important than to judge.,实例运用+模考分析,模考一,一、语法问题,1. 时态，人称，单复数的混用，不统一。eg: 1.The boy play computer games and his grandpa watch him. 2. Play computer is a usual activity for university students. 3. L
6、ife plan must has a destination 4. If someone dont have a life plan. 2. 词性的使用错误 eg: 1. if you have a plan, you should work hardly. 2. so she is succeed at last/ a young people cant be success 3. we should face difficult bravely 4. we have many chooses,3. There be 句型使用错误eg: 1. There are many young pe
7、ople waste time to do some boring things. 2. There have a problem in the future if we dont have life plan.4. 被动语态的使用错误eg: 1. as shows in the picture,the boy is. 2. everyone has a life plan, maybe not write. 3. The first Confucius Institute build in 2004 4. confucius institutes set to spread chinese
8、culture.,4. run-on sentences 串句无法理解的句子EG: 1. There are many this phenomenons 2. if everything is a lie, we arent need a life plan. 3. Other people making a life plan from sth. 4. As a young people, we should have.,二、佳句欣赏,1. Therefore, we are supposed to make a life plan from now on to make our life
9、more meangingful and colorful (章笑盈)2. As far as I am concerned, making a life plan is very important for young people. (李程鹏)3. It is obvious that the drawer of the picture wants to draw our attention towards that we should make a life plan from an early age. Making a life plan should be attached gre
10、at significance to by ourselves. (赵建宏) 4. Only you make a life plan and devote yourself into it, can you have no regret when you are old. (卞涵)5. We are easy to bocome confused with our life. Make the life plan right now and focus on the things you want to do because time doesnt wait for anyone. (钱林豪
11、),三、看图作文的解题思路应用,1.审题（认真阅读写作提示）： 漫画信息 “focus on the topic about making a life plan and explain why it is important for young people to do”,确定写作主题：年轻人应该做好人生规划以及人生规划的重要性的原因,2. 作文提纲 （结构）,第一段：简要描写图画内容（who, what, when, where）:爷爷教导孙子：如果年老的时候写自传，你会看到自己去过哪里，（where you have been）如果年轻时候写，你就会知道你将去哪里(will see wh
12、ere you are going)。,The picture depicts a young man sitting in front of a computer and typing something with his grandfather standing behind. The caption below says, “When you write your autobiography in old age, youll see where you have been, but when you write your autobiography at a young age, yo
13、ull see where youre going.” It reveals profoundly that young people should shape their own future and make their own life plans, which is cosistent with what I advocate,第二段：解释图画深刻含义 （揭示主题）并加以解释和说明论证。,Firstly, planning your life helps you set up specific life goals and follow through on your goals. W
14、hen you have specific goals, youre more likely to be self-motivated. Secondly, life planning helps you have a full understanding of your life deficiencies and make prompt adjustments. If you fail some of your life goals, you can re-examine your life plan and decide whether to make more efforts to fu
15、lfill those goals or change some of your goals. Last but not least, you can meet many new opportunities after some of your life plans come true, because success breeds more success and opportunities bring in more opportunities.,第三段：给出自己的看法（总结全文，强调正确的做法）。,To sum up, it is quite essential for young pe
16、ople especially the university students to make life plan early so as to face the challegings confidently after graduations. What we should do is to take actions immediately ,including choosing core coures and interest-based minor courses and figuring out exact schedules for study or future career.
17、Only in this way, can our university time is rewarding in the long run.,实际样例参考运用 （见资料）,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things
18、 before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.,四级写作新题型-看图作文2013.06 真题,看图作文的解题思路应用,1.审题（认真阅读写作提示）： 漫画信息 “express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big”,确定写作主题：做任何大事前都应该从小事做起 （一屋不扫，何以扫天下。）,2. 作文提纲 （结构）,第一
19、段：简要描写图画内容（who, what, when, where）:父子之间的对话，儿子关注核废料处理（disposal of nuclear wastes）,父亲认为要从小事做起（empty the dustbin first）；,Doing Big Things Starts from Doing Small Ones,SAMPLE 1 As is vividly revealed in the picture above, the boy expresses his worries about the disposal of nuclear wastes, while the fath
20、er tells him to empty the dustbin in the room first. The picture reminds us of an old Chinese sayingIf you dont like to do trivial things like cleaning your room, its impossible for you to undertake any important task.,SAMPLE 2We can see from the cartoon that there is a father talking with his son.
21、Having heard his sons words that “ Dad, I am a bit worried about disposing of nuclear weapon.” The father replies that “ If you can empty the dustbin here, you can do anything” and points the garbage can beside him. Funny and common as the conversation sounds, it reflects that the father intends to
22、advise his son to do small things before undertaking big.,作文提纲 （结构）,第二段：解释图画深刻含义 （揭示主题）并加以解释和说明论证。努力做好小事可以培养做大事所需要的优良品质（develop good qualities needed undertaking important tasks）;,Undoubtedly, the symbolic meaning subtly conveyed in the picture should be that it is vital and necessary to deal with t
23、rivial things. Doing small things well may help us develop the good qualities needed in undertaking important tasks, which lays a solid foundation for our future development. Small things would often make the difference between success and failure. We surely know that the want of a horse shoe nail m
24、ay cause a kingdom to be lost. Therefore, when it comes to the key to success, the most important thing lies in doing every trivial thing well.,Definitely, doing small things is the first step of success and will lay root for doing something big. By doing something small, we are able to accumulate e
25、xperience, master skills and train ourselves to be more patient. In other words, we can be well prepared for further challenges in the course of fulfilling small things. By contrast, those who desire to do something big at once will constantly be haunted by disappointment, frustrations or even failu
26、res, as with opportunities-“something big”- showing up , they can hardly seize them because of the lack of experience and confidence which stems from doing small things.,作文提纲 （结构）,第三段：给出自己的看法（总结全文，强调正确的做法）。 实现做大事的目标，不仅需要有雄心壮志（the great ambition）, 还需要有从小事踏踏实实做起的实践精神（the practical spirit）. Sample 1：In
27、 one word, to achieve goals needs not merely the great ambition, but the practical spirit of dealing with trivial things. Only in this way can we make the highest eminence.,Sample 2： In conclusion, under no circumstances should we undervalue the power of doing small things. Instead, we should regard
28、 small things as the source of experience, skills and the prerequisite of success. “Great achievement only belongs to those who can do small things perfectly.” Aristotle also used to say.,Lets have a try,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start y
29、our essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of taking precautions. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.,PRACTICE 1,看图作文的解题思路应用,1.审题（认真阅读写作提示）： 漫画 “express your views on the importance of taking precautions”,确定写作主题：To take
30、 some measures before something had happened.(未雨绸缪),2. 作文提纲 （结构）,The picture focuses on a person who is standing in front of the sea, watching the tide rising. Above the picture, there is a thought-provoking sentence which tells us that we should take some measures before something had happened.,第一段
31、：简要描写图画内容（who, what, when, where），并揭示图画深刻含义（揭示主题）。,第二段：针对图画所表达的观点（主题）进行举例论证 Life is not always full of happiness and fortune. Therefore, we are supposed to be aware of the potential risk and danger. For example, when the economic downturn is around the corner, an employee with version should analyze
32、 the current situation and either learn more to stabilize his position in his company or get ready to find a new job. It would be late should he be laid off with no other job opportunities available.,Writing Techniques: A General Point Supported by Examples Life is not always full of happiness and f
33、ortune. Therefore, we are supposed to be aware of the potential risk and danger. For example, when the economic downturn is around the corner, an employee with version should analyze the current situation and either learn more to stabilize his position in his company or get ready to find a new job.
34、It would be late should he be laid off with no other job opportunities available.,第三段：总结全文。 All in all, it is advisable for anyone to make precautionary preparations for the unexpected difficulties or disasters in life in advance.,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shor
35、t essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of angle when people observing something. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.,PRACTICE 2,看图作文的解题思路应用,1.审题（认真阅读写作提示）： 漫画信息 “express your views on the
36、importance of angle when people observing something”,确定写作主题：应该从不同角度来观察事物。,2. 作文提纲 （结构）,The picture shows us that in the eyes of the man near the apple, the apple is of good quality, while to the man who is far from the apple, the apple is of bad quality with a worm in the flesh. It is the angles rat
37、her than the distance that differentiate the witness of the apples quality. The picture reminds us of a philosophical viewObserving the same from different angles is a must.,第一段：简要描写图画内容（who, what, when, where），并揭示图画深刻含义（揭示主题）。,第二段：进行解释和说明论证。 It is important and very necessary to observe or evaluate
38、 a thing from different angles. For example, sometimes when you think you are unhappy, to others it may be that you are surrounded by happiness. Therefore, different conclusions would be arrived at when we view a thing from different angles.,第三段：给出自己的看法（总结全文）。 It is known to all that a coin has two
39、sides. As college student, we should try to learn from someone elses positions. Only in this way can we become a more considerate and perfect person.,Observing the Same Thing from Different Angles,The picture shows us that in the eyes of the man near the apple, the apple is of good quality, while to
40、 the man who is far from the apple, the apple is of bad quality with a worm in the flesh. It is the angles rather than the distance that differentiate the witness of the apples quality. The picture reminds us of a philosophical viewObserving the same from different angles is a must. It is important
41、and very necessary to observe or evaluate a thing from different angles. For example, sometimes when you think you are unhappy, to others it may be that you are surrounded by happiness. Therefore, different conclusions would be arrived at when we view a thing from different angles. It is known to al
42、l that a coin has two sides. As college student, we should try to learn from someone elses positions. Only in this way can we become a more considerate and perfect person.,写作语法黄金结构,1. not only, but also2. It is +adj for sb to do sth3. There be 句型4.强调句和倒装句的灵活使用5. 被动语态（模考写作翻译出现大问题）6. 状语从句7.定语从句8.插入语的灵
43、活运用,插入语可以是时间，地点，衔接词，同位语，强调语，修饰语，同义复指或从句。使句子更有跳跃感和地道。,He finally came, in the last minute, to fulfill his task.Drought, in Southwest China, scorched earthour motherland. Tourism, however, gives rise to a number of problems. Tsunami, a destructive natural disaster, hit Chile without any warning.We are
44、, if not going backward, making progress.,词汇替换,1. 常用词替换2. 逻辑词替换,First group 常用词,people, personsmake sensethingbuild,individuals, folks, mankind, human being, citizenhave a pointaffair, business,matter,stuffshape, establish, construct, erect, fabricate,替换为facet, feature, sidegive rise to, result in,
45、lead to , incitedesire, set ones heart on , yearn for keep. in mind enjoy, possess,ownprevalent, prevailing,原词 替代词,knowstrengthenexperiencemore and more,realize, be awareofenhance, intensify, deepensee, witness, live through, endure, undergoAn increasing number of、Increasingly、Growing,原词try ones bes
46、tveryattractsamebuy,替换词do ones utmost, exert oneself to do sth, devote to extremely, greatly, vastly, severely,terribly,exceedinglycapture, enchant, entice, appeal toidenticalpurchase, acquire, afford,momentous, considerable, distinctive, major, vital, capital, substantial, material,conspicuous, str
47、iking, prominent, eminent, noticeable, consequential,reveal, indicate, convey, reflect, confirm, demonstrate, imply,I think?As we know?in my oponion?for my part ?from my perspective?,1. harbor the idea that2.take the attitude that3. it is widely shared that4. It is widely acknowledged that5. As far
48、as I am concerned6. Im convinced of sth/ that,be interested in ?1. sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb2. s.b. be fascinated with sth3. s.b. be fond of sth,逻辑指示词,1. 原因 由于，多亏,1. thanks to 2. attribute to 3. due to4. be partially responsible for5. owing to 6. rusult from,2. 因果 - 结果，导致，产生,lead to 导致result in 导致give rise to 产生stem from 起源于as a result/consequenceconsequently,2. 递进,Whats moreIn addition/besidesFurther moreMoreoverObviously/definitely/undoubtedlyThat is to sayIndeedIn particular/especially,
