1、根据定义猜测词义 如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。 例 Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。,猜词技巧,根据解释猜测词义（同位关系） 【例证】Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is o
2、ne of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits. 构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也用破折号，冒号，分号，引号和括号等。 需要注意的是同位语前常有or，similarly，that is to say，in other words，namely，or other，i.e.等副词或短语出现。,根据举例猜测词义 【解析】Many United Nations employees are polyglots. Ms. Mary, for example, speaks five languages. 表示例举关系的词
3、通常有like, for example, for instance, such as, especially, include, consist of, specially等。,根据对比关系猜测词义 在一个句子或段落中，如果对两个事物或现象进行对比性描述，我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词猜测其词义。 【例证】Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有unlike，not，but，however，des
4、pite，in spite of，in contrast和while引导的并列句等。,根据比较关系猜测词义 比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。 【例证】Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious. 表示比较关系的词和短语主要是similarly，like，just as，also等。,根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义 在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境推断生词词义。 【例证】Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your he
5、alth. They also regard drinking as harmful. 句中detrimental是个生词，但判断出harmful替代detrimental后，不难推断出其词义为“不利的，有害的”。,根据上下义关系猜测词义 【例证】The village had most of the usual amenities: a pub, a library, a post office, a village hall, a medical centre, and a school. pub，library，post office，hall，medical centre，school
6、属于同一类别，是amenities的下义词，据此我们可以把握amenities的大体意思，应该有“便利设施”的含义。,根据相关细节确定词义【例证】In spite of the fact that the fishermen were wearing sou westers, the storm was so heavy that they were wet through. 本句为sou westers提供了足够的细节：暴风雨时穿/戴的，应该是雨具之类的东西。而sou westers确实有“海员用防水帽，油布长雨衣”的意思。下面看sou wester的另一个含义。,【例证】An east o
7、r north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou wester usually brings rain. 本句是用but连接的对比关系句，通过sou wester本身不难判断它应是south wester的缩写，根据前半句提供的细节可以推知sou wester应是与north-east wind相对的一种风，即“西南风”。,根据经验常识推测词义在阅读过程中如遇到生词，考生有时可以根据直接、间接经验，或运用已有的常识来推测词义，比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章
8、的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就增强。,【例证】When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. 稍微有点儿医学常识的人都知道医生在给病人动手术之前，为了减轻病人的痛苦，往往给病人注射麻醉剂,使病人失去知觉后再动手术。所以根据这一常识,通过上下文就能比较
9、准确地确定anaesthetic一词的意思应该是“麻醉剂”。,从生词本身猜测词义 在猜测词义过程中，除了使用上面提到的技巧，我们还可以依靠构词方面的知识从生词本身猜测词义。 A）根据前缀猜测词义 【例证】He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious, for a few minutes.,B) 根据后缀猜测词义 【例证】Insecticide is applied where it is needed. 后缀cide表示“杀者，杀灭剂”，结合大家熟悉的词根insect（昆虫）不难猜出insecticide意为“杀虫剂”。,C) 根据复合词的各部分猜测词义 【例证】Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output. highlight或许是一个生词，但分析该词结构后就能推测出其含义。它是由high（高的，强的）和light（光线）两部分组成，合在一起便是“以强光照射，突出，使显著”的意思。,
