1、英语分词,分词是动词的非谓语形式。它是由动词 +ing 或 动词 + ed 构成，它在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，状语。如：working，worked，washing，washed.,分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加 ing 。而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加 ed. 分词在句中可作定语，状语或表语。,分词作定语 China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。 The girl singing for us is ten years old. 给我们唱歌的女孩十岁了。 作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词
2、之前，如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后， 如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。,The working people have played a great role. 工人起主要作用。 There is nothing interesting. 没什么有趣的事。,分词和动名词都可以作定语，判断是分词还是动名词，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断，有主谓关系的是分词，否则判断为动名词。 a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分词） a swimming pool 游泳的池子
3、（动名词）,分词作状语 Being a student, he likes to help others. 作为学生，他喜欢帮助别人。 She is there waiting for us. 她在那儿等我们呢。,分词作表语 The story is interesting. 故事有趣。 The glass is broken. 玻璃杯破了。,分词作宾语补足语 可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。 I saw him walking in the street. 我看见他在街上走。 We found th
4、e boy sleeping. 我们发现小孩睡着了。,have 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的。 I have my hair cut. 我理发了。（是别人给我理发） She has her bike repaired. 她把自行车修理了。（别人修理的）,比较: I saw him walk in the street yesterday.,比较: She has her son wash dishes after meals everyday,分词的被动形式 分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。 The entertainment
5、 building being built will be completed next year. 正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。,英语中的分词分两种：现在分词（the present participle）和过去分词（the past participle）。虽然它们在句子中都可作名词修饰语、接系动词补足语、宾语补足语等，但是它们形式不同，而且语义也有差别。,现在分词表示动作是主动的和正在进行的（例-）；过去分词的动作是被动的和完成的（例-）： The boiling water is hot. A sleeping baby is good to look at. She has a sm
6、iling face. You can use the boiled water to make tea. Where is my lost key? A broken mirror cannot be repaired.,有时，由于两个动词“异词同义”，其分词也跟着不同 ， 如： a. Have you seen the man wearing a T-shirt? b. Who is the man dressed in a blue shirt? a. His new book consisting of useful data has beenwell received. b. Do
7、you like the book made up of untrue stories?,在语义上，现在分词和过去分词反映的心理状态不同。前者有 “令人”的含义（见例）；过去分词则有“感到”的意思（见例）： The soccer match last night was exciting. The soccer fans were delighted.（感到高兴）,其他例子有： amazing: amazed; satisfied: satisfying; boring: bored; pleased: pleasing; surprising: surprised; terrifying:
8、terrified,试比较11a和b以及12a和b: 11a. This is the most confusing system I have ever seen. 11b. The children will get confused if asked to learn too much at a time. 12a. David came with some surprising news. 12b. All were surprised at Sams sudden resignation.,在作宾语补足语时，如果宾语是有关分词逻辑上的主语，就用现在分词，如： 13. The teac
9、her found a student dozing off. 14. Dont keep the visitor waiting.,在作宾语补足语时，如果宾语是有关分词逻辑上的主语，就用现在分词，如： 13. The teacher found a student dozing off. 14. Dont keep the visitor waiting.如果宾语和有关分词有“动词+宾语”关系，那么这个分词就要是过去分词了，如： 15. Where did you get your book printed? 16. You should have your office cleaned.
10、在13里，正在打瞌睡的是宾语“a student”; 在14里，宾语是 “the visitor”。15里，“printed”的宾语是“books”; 16里， “cleaned”的宾语是“his office”,4. 分词短语相当于副词从句，但现在式表示的是主动的行动, 过去式表示被动的行动，如： 17 Entering the room, she found the wall newly painted. 18 Written in a hurry, the article had some mistakes.,比较: There is a man waiting for you in the office. There is a lot of homework to do.,
