1、Nonfinite Verbs,(非谓语动词),福建师大二附中 2008年4月,谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。e.g. He works.He takes care of the baby.He will go to Shanghai.He didnt go to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.You are students.You look smart.,单谓语或动词短语,情态动词/助动词+ v.,系动词+表语,非谓语：主要包括不定式（to do），ving形式以及过去分词（done）。无人称，数的变化，不单
2、独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。 e.g. He works. He wants to work here.He is working now.He has done his work.You are students, so you dont work in the factory.Being students, you dont work in the factory.,过去分词,不定式,V.-ing 形式,非谓语动词,高考题,巩固 题1,巩固 题2,Revision: The function of V-ing 1.Learning a foreign language is
3、 very useful. 2.I enjoy learning English. 3.We can learn a lot about what a person is thinking by watching his or her body language. 4. The music sounds exciting. 5. My job is teaching. 6. There is a swimming pool in our school. 7.The boy standing there is a classmate of mine. 8.W watch the children
4、 diving into the water from the top board.9.Hearing a sound ,the baby stopped crying.(adverbial),( subject),(object),(predicative),(attribute),(object complement),(attribute),(predicative),(object),V-ing as Adverbial,1.Hearing a sound ,the baby stopped crying.,2.He cut off the electricity,preventing
5、 an accident.,3.Having been told her daughter was sick, she hurried to the school to take her home.,(not)V-ing (not)having done (not)having been done,4.Having cut off the electricity,he prevented an accident.,5.Having lived in the country for many years, she knows how to grow vegetables.,6.Not havin
6、g received any news from home for a long time,she is becoming more and more homesick.,V-ing 的形式,Revision （一）动词不定式 to do 作用 （The function of “to do”） 1. What does it mean to be a scientist?( subject) 2.Nothing in life is to be feared (predicative) 3. People who listen to Hawkings lectures sometimes f
7、ind it difficult to understand him.(object) 4.The doctor told him that he might not have more than twelve months to live.(attribute)5. He travelled around the world to give lectures. (adverbial) 6. He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.(adverbial) 7.The teacher asked us to write a
8、composition about a famous scientist.(object complement) 7. Nor did he let the disease stop him from living(object compement),John stepped forward so as to be introduced to the visitors. 2. Anne stepped forward so as to introduce the visitors to us. 3. They seem to have met each other before.Didnt y
9、ou notice that. 4. They seem to know each other. 5. When mother came into my room, I pretended to be reading a letter. 6. Ill write down your name and address so as not to forget them.,（二）不定式的形式、时态与语态,小结,(not) to do (not) to be done (not) to have (been)done(not) to be doing,过去分词 done,若是及物动词（vt ）则表示被
10、动；动作已经完成（即先于谓语动词） 若是不及物动词（vi）则只表示完成。 如：a broken glass=a glass which has been brokena fallen tree=a tree which has fallen (down),1. 形式与含义,2. 成分,1) 作表语eg She is interested in the job. All the audiences are moved.,2) 作定语eg.Tigers and lions are animals which are endangered.,All the people who are invite
11、d to the meeting are VIP.,Tigers and lions are endangered animals.,We can see a lot of leaves which have fallen on the ground.,All the people invited to the meeting are VIP.,We can see a lot of fallen leaves on the ground.,3）作宾补eg Speak louder so that you can make yourself heard.We have our classroo
12、m cleaned every day.,4) 作状语,（比较：When we saw from the top of the mountain,we found the viilage very small. = Seeing from the top of the mountain, we found the village very small.）,eg. If it is seen from the top of the mountain, the village looks very small.,Seen from the top of the mountain, the vill
13、age looks very small.,eg. The teacher entered the room and he was followed by some students.,The teacher entered the room,followed by some students.,判断下列句子中过去分词（done）的成分： 1.Folded in his pocket, the letter wasnt found until twenty years later. 2. No matter how hard he tried, he couldnt make himself
14、believed. 3.We can see excited expression on her face. 3. When heated, ice will be changed into water. 4. She had her bike repaired yesterday. 5. We were all inspired by her inspiring speech. 6. Given an apple, the child stopped crying. 7. The boy named Tom is an orphan.,adverbial,Object complement,
15、attribute,adverbial,Object complement,predicative,adverbial,attribute,例4 As there was nobody， he had to go alone.There _ nobody, he had to go alone.If time permits, I will go to see you.Time_, I will go to see you.As the work had been finished, he went to bed.The work_,he went to bed.,being,permitti
16、ng,当存在不同主语时，可以用Ving形式的独立主格结构。,独立主格结构。,finished,不定式,不定式的作用,例1. _ makes me happy to find the key. A. That B. It C. What D. Whether,B,解析：不定式做主语，常用“it”作为形式主语放于句首，常见句型有it is adj. (for sb.) to do sth. 但是强调当形容词与人的品性有关是 改 for 为 of. e.g. It is nice of you to say so. It 也可充当形式宾语使用。,不定式,B,解析：该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用
17、法。英语中有一些动词 后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：,tell, discuss, know, show, learn, decide, wonder, explain,不定式的作用,不定式,不定式的作用,例3: You are the third one _ the room. A. to enter B. entering C. entered,A,解析：不定式做定语时为后置定语，常常修饰代词anything/something/noting，名词 way/chance/ opportunity等 或由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词。 注意：I need a pen to writ
18、e with.(不及物动词要加介词),B,不定式,解析：因为主语是the purpose，在（purpose, wish, promise, plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成the purpose is tonot todo 句型，故选B 。,不定式的作用,不定式,不定式的作用,在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice, observe,look at；三使役make,let, have;二听listen to,hear等）须接不带to 的不定式做宾补,但变为被动态后to不可省略。,例5: You are not
19、allowed _ the books out. A. taking B. to taken C. take D. to take,D,解析：allow sb. to do当被改为被动态时，为sb. be allowed to do.,不定式,不定式的作用,例6：I got up early to catch the bus.He went out never to return.He is too young to go to school.I am happy to meet you.,A. Adverbial of purpose B. Adverbial of result C. Ad
20、verbial of reason,A,B,C,B,D,不定式,解析：该题考查动词不定式做宾语的 用法。would love(like) to 是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合题意。Would love +不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”的意思。,不定式的时态和语态,例如：It was the first such project to be designed by Chinese engineers. The question to be discussed at the next meeting will be rather difficult.,B
21、,解析：不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的词的逻辑关系,被动关系用被动.,不定式,C,解析： 该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式， warn sb. not to do sth. warn sb. against doing sth. 该题应该用结构另外，not 应放在to之前。,不定式的否定形式,V.-ing 形式,A,v.-ing 形式主要考查其在句子中作状语和定语的用法,Making it the popular sport in the world为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：,解析,
22、His parents died, leaving him an orphan.,He rushed to the post office only to find it was closed,V.-ing 形式,例2 a sleeping baby a sleeping bag,Ving 做定语时可以用来修饰名词的状态，用途，特点等。,boiling water boiled wateran exciting game an excited man,ving做定语时可以强调动作的进行以及主动的关系，反之则用过去分词,V.-ing 形式,例3. I forgot _ my name when
23、I finished _ the composition. A. to sign, to writing B. to sign, writing C. signing, writing,有些动词后接to do为宾语，而有些则接ving，比如finish, suggest, mind, practise等，但要注意一下动词 forget，remember, regret, try，mean等既可以加to do也可加doing，但是意义不同。,B,过去分词,1.作状语,C,解析：1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语。,2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法， A
24、.Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in thought.（比较：Losing himself in thought,he almost ran）,过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。,过去分词,2.作定语,A,过去 分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。 现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。 所以A是正确的。First played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C.,解析,过去分词,3.作表语,C,解析：该题考
25、查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.,过去分词,4.作补语,该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。the plan 与carry out 的关系是被动关系。see sth.done 这结构常见的还有watch(notice, observe,have 和make)sth. done.,C,解析,历年高考题,1. Friendship is like money：easier made than _ (03上海春)Akept Bto be kept C
26、keeping Dbeing kept,2. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement AThe president will attend BThe president to attend (03上海春) CThe president attended DThe presidents attending,3. Unless _ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference Ainvited Binviting Cbeing invited Dhaving
27、 invited (03上春),4. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_ in making the earth a better place to live (03上海春)Ato have played Bto play Cto be played Dto be playing,A,D,A,B,5. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? (MET93 17)A. to take B. take C. taking D. to
28、be taking,6. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room.(MET93 24)A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn,7. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.(MET93 34)A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented,8. -I must apologize for _ ahead of time.-Tha
29、ts all right. (MET94 21)A. letting you not know B. not letting you knowC. letting you know not D. letting not you know,9. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (NMET94 22)A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding,10. The missing boys were last seen _
30、near the river.(NMET94 25)A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play,11. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET94 34) A.having written B. to be written C. being written D. written,12. -You were brave enough to raised objections at the
31、 meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. (NMET95 26)A. to do b. to be doing C. to have done D. having done,13. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother toldhim_. (NMET95 35)A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,14. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ her new bic
32、ycle. (97上海 13) A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing,15. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. (97 上海12)A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned,16. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden.(95 上海20)A. visit B. paying a visit C. wal
33、k in D. walking in,17. While shopping, people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. (96上海14) A. to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded,18. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. (NMET99 21)A. not make B. not to mak
34、e C. not making D. do not make,19. A computer does only what thinking people _. (99上海19)A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done,20. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _“Sorry to miss you; will call later.” (NMET99 25)A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
35、,5.Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again. A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive,6. To master a foreign language,_. A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practiceC. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice,20. The library need
36、s _,but itll have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned,4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing. A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen,1.He gave us some advice on how_ English. A.learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn,2. It s a pay day，and they
37、are waiting_. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to be paid,3. - A letter may be too slow.- Why not _ a telegram. A.try sending B.try to send C.to try sending D.trying to send,巩固练习,C,D,A,B,A,D,1._is a good of exercise for both the young and the old. A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk,2.When and where to
38、 build the new power station_yet. A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided,3.Is_necessary to change trains at Beijing? A. this B. that C. it D. he,4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing. A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen,5.She pretended_the letter
39、 I wrote the day before yesterday. A.not to receive B.not receiving C.not to hear from D.having not received,6.I cant imagine_that with such a famous author. A.work B.to work C.to be working D.working,Non-infinitive,14.It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night. A. to burn B. burn C. burning
40、D. burned,15.The murderer was brought in ,with his hands _behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied,16.To master a foreign language,_. A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice,17._a reply, he decid
41、ed to write a sixth letter. A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received,18. Little Jim should love _to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking,19. What do you think of the book?Oh, excellent. Its worth _a second time. A. to re
42、ad B. to be read C. reading D. being read,20. The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned,7.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest,8.Do you consider_
43、any good attempting many scientific experiments?A.there B.it C.this D.that,9.Im thirsty. Would you please give me something_.A.drunk B.to drink C.to be drunk D.for drinking,10.There was a terrible noise_the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed,11Mrs.Smith wa
44、rned her husband_after drinking again and again.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never rive,12.They knew her very well.They had seen her_up from childhood.A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow,13. Believe it or not, he was seen_upstairs just now.A.to go B.to going C.having gone D.go,Thank you!,
