1、宾语从句复习三要点,重庆市铝城中学 廖小康,要点一：宾语从句的引导词,.当宾语从句是由陈述句变化而来时，该从句通常由that引导。此时that没有具体意义，口语中可以省略。例如：Im sure. You have seen that book before.（合并句子）,Im sure (that) you have seen that book before.,2.当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时，用连词if或whether引导，意思为“是否”，表示选择。例如： Could you tell us ? Will he really come here ? （合并句子）,Could you
2、tell us if / whether he will really come here ?,注意： if 和whether在引导宾语从句时，一般可以互换，但下列四种情况中只能用whether ，而不能用if 。,1）当和or not 一起使用时。例如： We didnt know whether or not she was ready.我们不知道她是否已做好准备。,2）宾语从句用作介词宾语时。例如： I am interested in whether he joined the army. 我对他是否参军了很感兴趣。,3）当宾语从句移到句首表示强调时。例如： Whether this
3、is true or not, Im not sure. 这是否真实，我不敢肯定。,4)连词处于动词不定式前，用whether而不用if。例如：We decided whether to walk there.,3.当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变化而来时，则用该特殊疑问词来引导宾语从句。例如： Could you tell me ? Where is the nearest post office ? （合并句子）,Could you tell me Where the nearest post office is ?,注意：连接词作定语时，和它所修饰的词是不可以分开的。例如：What time ,
4、 which room , how many people等。例如： I dont know how many people there are in the room.,要点二：宾语从句的语序,宾语从句一律用陈述句语序。不论从句由哪个引导词引导，也不论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句的结构均为“引导词+主语+谓语+其他成分”。（任何动词不得超越到主语之前去。）,例：1.We dont know when they will arrive.2.Could you tell me which way we must take to get to the museum?,要点三：宾语从句的时态（有三条
5、规则）,1.如果主句是祈使句或是一般现在时或一般将来时态，宾语从句可根据句意选择任何一种时态。例如：,1).Do you know who he was talking with at eight last night? 2). Please tell me how many pictures they have drawn . 3).Mary says she will come back soon .,2.如果主句是一般过去时，则宾语从句常用表示过去的任意时态。例如：,1).He said that he was a cleaner .2).I knew she had cleaned t
6、he house already .,3.如果宾语从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言、谚语等时，主句即使使用了过去时，宾语从句仍然用一般现在时。 例如：,1).He said (that) time is money. 2). Our teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound . 3). She said that one and one makes two .,1.The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) 2.Tom says that they _ (play)
7、 basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. 3.I hear they _ (return) it already. 4.He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do) 5.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be),Exercise,goes,were playing,have returned,were doing,had been,6. The teacher told his class that light _ faste
8、r than sound. (travel) 7.I think you _ about the relay race now. (talk) 8.I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be) 9.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be),travels,are talking,were,will be,一类常考的宾语从句试题,请看这三道中考试题: 例1.I dont know when he _ . When he _ ,Ill let you know. (2004 江苏) A.comes; comes B.
9、will come; comes C.comes; will come D.will come; will come,B,解析：例1中包含有宾语从句和条件状语从句，前一句为宾语从句，后一句为时间状语从句。在宾语从句中，当主句为一般现在时，从句可根据句意采用任何时态，故第一空应填将来时；第二句是一个由when引导的时间状语从句，主句为将来时态，从句应该用一般现在时态，故答案为B。,例2.I dont know _ he will come tomorrw. _ he comes, Ill tell you. (2005江苏) A.if; Whether B.whether; Whether C.
10、if; That D.if; If,解析：例中，前一句是宾语从句，用if和whether均可，但后一句为条件状语从句，只能用if，故答案为D。,D,例3. I dont know if he _. He will come if it _. (2004安徽) A.comes; wont rain B.will come; doesnt rain C.comes; doesnt rain D.will come; wont rain,解析：例中，前一句是if引导的宾语从句，根据意思判断应为将来时，后一句是条件状语从句，主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时，故答案为B.,B,在中考试题中，对宾语从句的考
11、查主要体现在三个方面：连词、语序和时态。近年来对状语从句和宾语从句的混合考查更加频繁，要注意综合分析。下面还有五道模拟中考题，大家做做看。,1.I want to know if they_ the spring sports meeting next month. If they_ it,I must get ready for it.A.hold; will hold B.will hold; holdC.hold; hold D.will hold; will hold,B,2.Excuse me,sir,could you tell me_? A.where I can find th
12、e toilet B.where can I find the toilet C.where do I find the toilet D. the toilet is where,3.Could you tell me _?Yes, They _ to the library.A.Where are the twins; have beenB.Where were the twins; have goneC.Where were the twins; have beenD.Where the twins were; have gone,A,D,4.Do you know_? Yes, he
13、came here on a train. A.when he came here B.if he will come here C.why he came here D.how he came here,5.Father asked Edison_doing that for.A.how he was B.what he wasC.Why was he D.where he was,D,B,宾语从句巧记歌,学习宾从三注意： 时态语序连接词。时态主从要呼应， 运用当中应切记；主句若为现在时， 从句时态随句意；主句若为过去时， 从句时态变过去；语序要用陈述序， 切莫照搬疑问句；that连接陈述句， 省与不省没关系；从句若表是否时， if,whether均可以；特殊问句作宾语， 仍用原来疑问词；三个问题须牢记。 切莫丢东忘了西。,See you next time!,
