1、宾语从句与状语从句,状语从句复习,状语从句不仅是初中英语学习的重点，而且也是每年中考必考的内容之一。从历年全国各地中考英语试题对状语从句的考查内容来看，命题主要集中在引导状语从句的连词、状语从句的时态等方面；从九大状语从句来看，同学们应将复习重点放在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句和比较状语从句这四种上。,一、对时间状语从句的考查,引导时间状语从句的连词有：while, when, as, as soon as, until, notuntil, before, after, since, etc 要掌握每个连词的含义及其用法，还有它们之间的一些区别。,when，while的区别： 二
2、者均可表示“当的时候”，如果主句表示的是短暂的动作，而从句表示的是一段时间，二者可通用。如： I met Kang Li whenwhile I was walking along the street当我沿街散步时碰见了康丽。, when可与终止性动词连用， while只能与延续性动词连用。如： It was snowing when we got to the airport当我们到达机场时，天正下着雪。（不能用 while） while强调主句表示的动作持续于while所指的整个时间内；when可指主、从句所述动作同时或先后发生。如：,Please write while I read
3、我读的时候，请写下来。 When he reached home，he had a little rest回到家后，他休息了一会儿。,3）until=till在肯定句中表示“直到为止”，主句要用延续性动词；在否定句中，表示“直到才”，主句常用终止性动词，这时till和until可用before替换。如： I waited tilluntil he arrived我一直等到他到来。,We wont start untiltillbefore Bob comes鲍勃到来之前，我们不会动身。 4）since从句中常用过去时，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时；as soon as如果主句是一般将来时，情态
4、动词加动词原形或祈使句时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。如：,Where have you been since I saw you last？ 上次我和你见面之后，你到哪里去了？ Ill phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua 我一到通化就给你打电话。,2考例： 1）我一到美国就给你打电话。（北京市海淀区） Ill ring you up _ soon _ I get to America 2）昨天直到雨停了，孩子们才离开学校。（同上） The children _ leave school _ the rain stopped yesterday,as
5、,as,didnt,till,3）It _ ten years since they _ to France（河北） Aas；covered Bwas；have moved Cis；have moved Dis；moved,D,4）He _ wait until the rain _ （南京市） Awont；will stop Bwont；stop Cwill；stops Dwill；will stop,C,5) When all the work _(finish), you may go back home. 6) My brother_ (begin) to learn English
6、when he was eight. 7) Please _(not leave) here until you _(tell) to 8) As soon as he_ (get) there, he will write to us at once.,9) He took out the camera as soon as he _(see) the monster. 10) I often _(go) to see her when she was ill. 11) Please dont talk so loud while others _(work). 12) Where _ yo
7、u _(study) before you went to college?,二、对条件状语从句的考查 1要点：引导条件状语从句的连词有if（如果），unless在意义上相当于ifnot。条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样，如果主句用将来时，从句要用现在时代替将来时。如：,You will fail unless you study hard（You will fail if you dont study hard）除非你努力学习，否则你会失败。 2考例： 1）He will go to the Great Wall if it _ tomorrow（北京市宣武区） A. wont rain B
8、. doesnt rain C.dont rain D. isnt raining,B,C,2） _ you eat old food，you may be ill（湖南） ABefore BWhy CIf DWhich,三、对比较状语从句的考查 1要点：引导比较状语从句的连词有asas，than。 1）表示甲与乙在某一方面相同时，用“as原级as”句型；表示甲在某一方面不如乙时，用“not as so 原级as”句型。如： Dalian is as beautiful as Shenzhen大连和深圳一样的美。,I dont run asso fast as Kang Li我不如康丽跑得快。
9、 2）表示甲超过或不及乙时，用“比较级从句”（从句中常省略意义与主句相同的部分）。如： He runs faster than you（do）他跑得比你快。 Today is less cold than yesterday今天没有昨天冷。,2考例： 1）Jack runs as _ as Tom （北京市宣武区） Afast Bfaster Cfastest Dmuch faster,A,2）30, 000 dollars is a large amount of money，but its _ than we need（上海市） Afor more Bvery much Cfar less
10、 Dvery little,C,四、对结果状语从句的考查 1要点：引导结果状语从句的连词有sothat（如此以致于），suchthat（如此以致于）等。常用句型： so形容词副词that从句 such aan 形容词单数可数名词 that从句 such形容词复数可数名词不可数名词that从句,so形容词aan单数可数名词that从句 He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him他讲得太快，我跟不上。 He told us such funny stories that we all laughed 他给我们讲了那么多有趣的故事，我们全都哈哈大笑。,2考例
11、： 1）这山太高，我们很难到达山顶。（四川） This mountain is _ _ that we can _ _ the top,so,high,not,reach,2）Miss Gao asked a question，but it was _ that nobody could answer it A. very difficult B. too difficult C. difficult enough D. so difficult,D,五、对其它状语从句的考查 还有五种状语从句：地点状语从句、 原因状语从句、目的状语从句、方式 状语从句、让步状语从句。 1要点： 1）掌握常用的
12、引导词： 引导地点状语从句的有：where（在哪里），wherever（无论何地），etc,如：Where there is a will，there is a way有志者，事竞成。Wherever you go，I go too 无论你去哪里, 我都去。, 引导原因状语从句的有because，as， since，for 。because常回答why引导的疑问句，该从句一般位于主句后；since比as正式，两者不回答why引导的问句，而且其从句一般放在句首。如： Why cant I go？为什么我不能去？ Because youre too young因为你年纪太小了。,As（Since）
13、you are not feeling well，youd better stay at home 既然你不太舒服，还是留在家里的好。, 引导原因状语从句的有because，as， since，for 。because常回答why引导的疑问句，该从句一般位于主句后；since比as正式，两者不回答why引导的问句，而且其从句一般放在句首。如：,Why cant I go？为什么我不能去？ Because youre too young因为你年纪太小了。 As（Since）you are not feeling well，youd better stay at home 既然你不太舒服，还是留在
14、家里的好。, 引导目的状语从句的有so that（以便）等。如,我给他包了一点食物，让他不致挨饿。,I packed him a little food so that he wouldnt be hungry, 引导让步状语从句的有thoughalthough（虽然），even though（尽管），no matter who（无论谁），no matter how（无论怎样），no matter what（无论什么）等。如：,尽管这工作很辛苦，我还是很喜欢。,Though its hard work，I enjoy it,不管工作多么艰难，他都从不放弃,No matter how hard
15、the work was，he never gave it up,2）because不能与并列连词so，though although不能与but同时在句中使用。如,She was late for school because she missed the bus =She missed the bus，so she was late for school Its not cheap，but its very good = Though its not cheap，its very good,2考例： 1）I cant understand this passage _ there are
16、no new words in it（安徽） A. if B. because C. though D. and 2）“Why did Li Lei use a pencil？”“ _ his pen was broken”（福州市） A. Because B. When C. Until D. If,C,A,六、对状语从句和宾语从句、简单句、并列句的混合考查 【考点1】区分when，if引导宾语从句和状语从句的不同：when引导时间状语从句意为“当时候”，引导宾语从句意为“什么时候”；if引导条件状语从句意为“如果”，引导宾语从句意为“是否”。如：,1Mike wants to know i
17、f _ a picnic tomorrow YesBut if it _ ，well visit the museum instead（河北） Ayou have；will rain Byou will have；will rain Cyou will have；rains Dwill you have；rains,C,2Do you know when he _ back tomorrow？ Sorry，I dontWhen he _ back， Ill tell you（安徽） A. comes；comes B. comes；will come C. will come；comes D.
18、will come；will come,C,【考点2】 状语从句和宾语从句、状语从句和简单 句、并列句的同义转换。如： 1A：He is too young to go to school B：He is _ young _ he cant go to school（四川）,2A：Tom is the tallest in his class B：Tom is _ _ any other student in his class（四川） 3A：The box is so light _ the boy can carry it B：The box is light for the boy to
19、 carry（南京）,taller,than,enough,4A：Put on your coat，or youll catch a cold B： _ you _ put on your coat， youll catch a cold（上海）,If,dont,宾语从句与中考试题 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的一种从句，它内容完整，句型结构较为复杂，主句和从句时态搭配要求严格，在中考试题中频频出现。而且学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础。,第一关，选好连接词（也有人叫关联词）。 引导宾语从句的连接词，课本上写
20、有三类 但从学习的角度看分为四类更为实用。 1连词that：只起连接作用，在从句中不作 句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中或非正式文体中常被省略。例如： 1）He knew（that）he should work hard 2）I am glad（that）youve passed the exam,2连词whether或if：它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，口语中多用if。例如：,3）Do you know whether he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning？（注：上海市徐汇区中考试题填上答案后的句子。以下再有这种例句，都为中考题
21、，只写某地。） 4）Tom didnt know ifwhether his grandpa liked the present,作“是否”解的if和whether在具体用法上差别较大，同学们不易掌握。在宾语从句中用whether没有用if时受到那么多限制。例如：,He asked me whether or not I was coming 他问我是否要来。（该句中的whether不能换成if，因为if不能与or连用。）,3连接代词who，whom ，whose，what， which：它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有其自己的意义。例如：,6）The teacher asked the ne
22、w student which class he was in？（武汉市）（which引导宾语从句，在从句中作定语，修饰class，意为“哪个”。）,7）Can you tell me whom he is waiting for？ （天津市）,4连接副词when，where， why，how：起连接作用，分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语，各有其自己的意义。例如：,8）I wonder where he got so much money对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。（where在从句中作地点状语，修饰got，意为“哪里；什么地方”。）,9）He didnt tell me how old
23、 his friend was（四川省）（how引导宾语从句，作程度状语，修饰old，意为“怎样；如何”等意。）,第二关，牢记宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序，即“连接词主语谓语其他”。这里特别强调的是，它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语序，不是疑问句的倒装语序。例如：,10）You must remember what your teacher said（河南省）,11）Dad，do you know when the football game will start？ In half an hour（宁波市）,12）汉译英：你能不能告诉我，我们去看望谁？ 误：Can you tell me who
24、（m）do we have to see？ 正：Can you tell me who（m）we have to see？,第三关，注意时态的呼应。 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句谓语时态的制约，这种现象称为“时态的呼应”。例如： 13）汉译英：我原以为你今天有空的。,误：I thought（that）you are free today 正：I thought（that）you would be free today,14）He thought he was working for the people 15）I heard she had been to the Great W al
25、l 16）John hoped that he would find a job soon,但宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理 等，则不变化： 17）The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun,巩固与检测请做下列中考题： In the bookshop，a reader asked the shopkeeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book （北京市东城区） Athat Bhow Cwhat Dif,D,2I dont know _ Mr Green will c
26、ome to see us He will help us with our English（杭州市） Awhy Bwhen Chow Dwhere,A,3We never know _ the old man is They say he is a teacher（鄂州市） Awhat Bwho Cwhich Dwhere 4I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers （重庆市） Athat how Bhow that Cwhen that Dthat when,A,D,5Could you tel
27、l me _ ？Im going to see him Sorry，I dont know（北京市海淀区） Awhere does Mr Li live Bwhere did Mr Li live CWhere Mr Li lives Dwhere Mr Li lived,C,6W here do you think _ he _ the computer？ Sorry，I have no idea（南京市） A；bought Bhas；bought Cdid；buy Ddoes；buy,A,7I dont feel very wellMum asked me _ this morning（重庆市） Awhat the matter is Bwhat is wrong Cwhat was the matter Dwhat wrong was,C,8Where is Jack？ He is away to spend his holidayHes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan，but Im not sure _（南昌市） Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dthere,C,
