1、考点2 名词,1.主要考查的知识点：(1)名词的词义辨析(2)可数名词单、复数变化形式(3)不可数名词的数(4)名词所有格 (5)名词作定语 2.复习重点：(1)掌握名词的准确意义和近义词的区别。(2)掌握可数名词变复数的规则变化和不规则变化。(3)掌握不可数名词可用作可数名词且词义发生变化的用法。(4)掌握名词“s”所有格和“of”属格的用法。(5)掌握名词作定语的用法。,(1) He says that physics_ very interesting and he likes it very much.,以s结尾，仍为单数的名词多为学科名词， 如：physics, linguistic
2、s, mathematics, politics, statistics, news, the United States,is,(1) He told me that the furniture in that house_new.,is,规则2:,表示一类事物总称的名词，常作不可数名词看待而不能加“s”。如：machinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence,规则1:,1. 名词的数,(1)They are _. A . Mathematics student B. mathem
3、atic students C. mathematics students D. students in mathematics (2) Food and _ are daily necessities(需要)for the people. A. cloth B. clothe C. clothes D. clothing,C,D,【翻译下列句子】,有些名词的单、复数形式表达不同的意思。如：chicken鸡肉 / chickens小鸡； fish鱼(尾数)，鱼肉 / fishes 各种鱼； paper纸 / papers试卷； water水 / waters水域；room空间/rooms房间；
4、time 时间/times时代；arm手臂/ arms武器等,(1) She said it was interesting to play with the chickens on his uncles farm last weekend. (2) Lily said that the chicken her mother cooked was very delicious.,规则3:,He doesnt like _for supper. A. chick B. chicken C.chickens D. chicks,B,(1)Im told that they have _on the
5、ir farms.我被告知他们农场有许多牛。,有些名词形式上虽是单数，但表示的是复数含义。如：people, police, cattle,_staff,_public,_the adj., the 分词(表示一类人),many cattle,规则4:,My family raise a lot of _, including two _. cattle , cows B. cows , cattle C. cattles , cows D. cow , cattles,A,(1) My family _ going with me. (2) The average family _ a gr
6、eat deal smaller than it used to be.,对于集体名词，当它表示一个整体时，视作单数；当它侧重各个成员，视作复数,are,is,规则5：,(1) How many deer are there in Dafeng now? (2) We are all Chinese, but he is Japanese.,规则6:,有些名词单复数同形。如：fish, deer, sheep, youth, Chinese, Japanese, means, species, crossroads, series, works,【读例句归纳】,由连字符构成的复合名词的“数”，
7、一是合成名词的复数形式通常只将其中的主体名词变成复数。如：lookerson 参观者，sonsinlaw 女婿，editorsinchief主编，shoemakers 鞋匠。二是如果没有主体名词，在最后一个词上加复数(词尾)。如：gobetweens 中间人，grownups 成人，followups 续集，goodfornothings 饭桶。三是man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，定语和被修饰词都变成复数。如：men workers，women teachers，gentlemen officials,(1) Strangely, there were many look
8、erson there, but none was brave enough to stop the fight. (2) Now you are grownups, so you should help your parents support your family.,规则7:,(1) In the past, _(大多数妇女)have many children each.,不规则名词的“数”： 常用改变元音字母或词尾加en等方法构成， woman women, child children, ox oxen, tooth teeth, goose geese, foot feet, m
9、ouse mice, phenomenon phenomena, analysis analyses,most women,规则8：,(1) Its said that _(Brown一家 )are going to come to see us this weekend.,专有名词的“数”：在姓氏名词上加“s”变成复数，如：史密斯一家人(the Smiths)，两个玛丽 two_Marys,the Browns,规则9：,(1) Its necessary for a student to have a knowledge of English.,有些物质名词表示不同种类或表示“一种，一杯/
10、罐/瓶”等数量意义时，可用作可数名词。抽象名词表示具体或特定事物时，可具体化，其前面须有不定冠词。如：a pleasure / pity / surprise / success / failure / shame, an honor /a bright future / a strong character / a great help / a waste of time,规则10：,2. 名词所有格,英语中表示有生命名词的所有格时，在词尾加“s”，如：the boys bag，mens room。此外，表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等无生命名词的所有格也可在词尾加“s”来表示
11、所有关系，意为：“ 的”，如：a teachers book，a twenty minutes walk, ten miles journey，two pounds weight, ten dollars worth,(1) Its ten minutes drive from here to my school. (2) Childrens book should be simple with interesting pictures.,规则1：,(1)Have you ever read _? A. today newspaper B. newspaper today C. newspap
12、er of today D. todays newspaper (2) They are_ of different presses(). Now they are having a meeting in one of the _ office. A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefs B. editors-in-chief , editor-in-chiefs C. editors-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefs D. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chiefs,D,D,(1) Students un
13、iforms should be clear and lovely.,of 属格：无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers,规则2：,若名词已有复数词尾s，只加“ ”，如：the workers struggle,(1) Beijing is the capital of China.,北京是中国的首都。,规则3：,The _were covered with_. A. roofs of the room, leaves
14、 B. rooms roofs, leaves C. roof of the room, leave D. rooms roof, leave,A,【英译汉】,(1) Marys and Joans coats are different. (2) Mary and Jacks house is very large and beautiful.,两件,两人一个房子,规则4：,如果两个名词并列，若分别有加“s”，则表示“分别有”；若只有后一个名词加“s”，则表示两个“共有”。如：Johns and Marys rooms(两间)；John and Marys room(一间),The moth
15、er over there is _mother. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Marys C. Julias and Marys D. Julias and Mary,B,(1) Alice told me that she would go to the chemists, for her father didnt feel himself.,省略格：在表示店铺或教堂，诊所的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词，如：在诊所at the doctors；在我姐家at my sisters,规则5：,他说他是从他的哥哥的一个朋友那学会的。,双重格：
16、of 名词“s”结构， 如 a friend of my fathers, works of Lu Xuns,He said that he learnt it from a friend of his brothers.,规则6：,3. 名词作定语,(1) Theres a _(stone) bridge over the river. (2) Her daughter works in a _(shoe) shop. (3) There are three _(woman) _(doctor) in that clinic. (4) We hold a _(sport) meeting e
17、ach term.,用括号中所给词的适当形式填空,stone,shoe,women,doctors,sports,名词可以用作定语修饰后面的名词，表示类别、处所、材料、身份、性别、功能、用途等。,名词作定语时通常用名词的单数形式。如： a shoe shop(鞋店), street lamps(路灯), a book case(书柜)等等，如：(1)、(2)。,规则1：,Sister Carrie works in a _ factory. A. shoes B. shoess C. shoe D. shoes,C,规则2：,man和woman作定语时， 常用“单单 (a woman doct
18、or)”、“复复 (two women doctors)” 式，如：(3)。,规则3：,名词clothes, sports, parents, sales, arms等用复数形式作定语。如：arms control (武器控制), sports meeting (运动会), clothes shop (服装店), customs officer (海关人员), sales manager (销售经理)等，如：(4)。,There are three _ in our factory. A. woman doctors B. women doctors C. woman doctor D. wo
19、men doctor,B,【高考链接】,1(2009江西卷)The _ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _ car. Agirls; Toms Bgirls; Toms Cgirls; Toms Dgirlss; Toms,C,解析：句意：“那些女孩子的鞋子沾满了泥巴，因此在上汤姆的车之前我让她们把鞋子脱掉。”由后文的them可知，此处的girl应为复数形式，因此其所有格形式应该是girls形式，而名词Tom的所有格直接在其后加s即可。,2(2009安徽卷)Ch
20、ina has got a good _ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization. Areputation Binfluence Cimpression Dknowledge,解析：句意：“在抗击流感方面，中国以细致和流畅的组织获得良好的声誉。”reputation声誉；influence影响；impression印象；knowledge知识。,A,3(2009福建卷)The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public witho
21、ut any _ when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009. Adelay Beffort Cschedule Dconsideration,解析：句意：“当H1N1病毒在2009年4月在墨西哥爆发时，世界卫生组织立即向公众发出了警告。”without delay(immediately)立即，毫不延迟地。,A,4(2009浙江卷)The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library. A
22、access Bpassage Cway Dapproach,解析：句意：“设计这个系统的目的是让学生迅速、方便地使用图书馆的数字资源。”access to固定短语，意为“有权使用，有机会接近”。,A,名校模拟演练,1(2010山东潍坊质量监测)I am really a bit worried because I have no idea what my parents _ will be to my poor examination result. Aexpresssion Breaction Cappearance Dexpectation,B,2(2010安徽皖南八校二联)Our go
23、vernment has decided to give _ to those environmentallyfriendly businesses in many aspects. Aprofit Binterest Cpreference Dadvantage,解析：考查名词辨析。profit“利益”；interest“兴趣，嗜好，利息”；preference“偏爱，优待”；advantage“优势，有利条件”。政府已经决定给那些环保的企业多方面的优惠政策。,C,3(2010陕西西安质检)How do you like the scenery here, Mr Black? Wonderf
24、ul indeed. Beyond all _， I suppose. Aexplanation Bintroduction Cdescription Dinstruction,解析：考查名词的用法。beyond all description的意思是“无法(用言语)表达”，即这里的景色很美，无法用言语表达。,C,4(2010石家庄质检)Giving children pocket money as a gift during the Spring Festival is a common _ in China. Asense Bpractice Cdeed Dhabit,解析：句意：在中国，过春节时给孩子们压岁钱是一个惯例。practice可数名词“惯倒，习惯性的做法”。common sense常识；deed行为；habit习惯。,B,
