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笔译文件.doc

1、 上学期学习主要内容一、换序译法一、换序译法 1) Its good youre so considerate. 你想得这样周到是很好的。(这是很好的你想得这样周到。)(主语从句换序) 2) Formerly a worker himself, he was now an engineer. 他过去是工人,现在当了工程师了。(以前的工人,他是现在一个工程师。)(同位语换序) 3) On and on Byron talked. (Herman Wouk: The Winds of War) 拜伦滔滔不绝地讲述着。(滔滔不绝地拜伦讲述着。)(状语换序)二、断句译法二、断句译法 1) It is

2、certain that man will eventually solve the riddle of UFO. 人类最后必将解开不明飞行物之谜。/ 这一点是可以肯定的。(拆开名词从句) 2) Because the young man frequently came to the ladys house, he was regarded as the mistresss lover. 这个小伙子经常来到太太的家。因此,别人都以为他是这女主人的情人。(拆开状语从句) 3) After the war, his friend Kraemer got him a job as an instru

3、ctor in an Army training school that paid $ 10,000 a year. 大战结束后,他的朋友克莱摩介绍他到一所军事训练学校去任教,年薪一万美元。(拆开定语从句) 三、转句译法三、转句译法 1) A crashing thunderstorm, with thick rain hissing down from skies black as night, stopped Victor Henry from leaving the White House. (Herman Wouk: The Winds of War) 轰隆几声雷响,从漆黑的天空哗啦啦

4、下起大雨来。维克多亨利无法离开白宫。(主语转句) 2) After an hour, the trail took them by a low, spreading tree strung thickly with beads. (Alex Haley, Roots) 走了一个时辰光景,他们走到了一棵矮矮的枝繁叶茂的树旁,树上密密麻麻地挂满了念珠。(定语转句) 3) I tried vainly to put the pieces together. (Helen Keller: The Story of My Life) 我想把这些碎片拼在一起,可是拼不起来。(状语转句)四、合句译法四、合句

5、译法 1) Darkness fell. / An explosion shook the earth. / It did not shake his will to go to the front. 夜幕降落时,一声爆炸震动了大地,可并没动摇他上前线的决心。 2) That day, the President had an interview with her father. / Her father was going to the moon by space shuttle. 那天,总统会见了她的父亲,因为她的父亲即将乘航天飞机去登月。 3) She is very busy at h

6、ome. / She has to take care of the children and do the kitchen work. 她在家很忙,又要看好孩子,又要下厨。五、缩句译法五、缩句译法 1) It was April 1945. The Second World War was coming to an end. 一九四五年四月,第二次世界大战已接近尾声。(缩为状语) 2) She went back home to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill. 她回家去照料病重的丈夫。(缩为定语) 3) Her father b

7、ecame the mayor of the city. He was a murderer in the Second World War. 她的父亲,二次大战中的一个杀人凶手,竟当上了这个城市的市长。(缩为同位语)六、转态译法六、转态译法 1) She hadnt been told Bettes other name, or shed forgotten it.(Jack Lindsay: Betrayed Spring) 人家没告诉过她蓓蒂姓什么,要不然也许是她忘了。 2) Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of

8、 an Arab common market. 许多人要求建立一个阿拉伯共同市场。 3) He said he was assured by the State Department that the U.S. is willing to normalize relations with his country. 他说,国务院向他担保美国愿意同他的国家恢复正常关系。七、正反译法七、正反译法 原文:What they found will surprise no one who has a teen or is a teen or just remembers being a teen. 原译:

9、对于任何一个青少年,或者曾经是青少年,再或已成为青少年父母的人来说,这次实验结果都不会令人吃惊。 改译:这一结果引起了那些青少年父母、青少年本人以及对青少年时期仍记忆犹新的人们的共鸣。本学期学习主要内容本学期学习主要内容实用词语翻译1. trade surplus 2. mean temperature 3. high seas 4. aviation and marine insurance 5. foreign exchange dealing 1. 贸易顺差 2. 平均温度 3 公海 4. 航空和海事保险业 5. 外汇交易6. Land Nationalization and Singl

10、e Tax 7. a documentary film 8. a nuclear family 9. brain shrinkage 10. money flow 6. 土地国有化和单一税制 7. 纪录片 8. 小家庭 9. 大脑萎缩 10.货币流量实用词语翻译11. 经济全球化 12. 基本生活费 13. 硅谷 14. 环保产业 15. 实现软着陆 11. economic globalization 12. basic allowances 13. Silican Valley14. environmental protection industry 15. to pull off a s

11、oft landing16. 生态农业 17. 国际经济新秩序 18. 产能过剩 19. 东南亚国家联盟20. 可持续性发展16. environment(ally)-friendly agriculture 17. a new international economic order18. over-capacity 19. ASEAN (Assiociation of Southeast Asian Nations)20. sustainable development修辞翻译要点修辞翻译要点1.译文要明确无误译文要明确无误 ;2.翻译要讲究翻译要讲究 语工语工 ;3.行文要文约而事丰行文

12、要文约而事丰 ;4.叙事层次要分明;叙事层次要分明;5.文顺字顺,承上启下,自然流畅;文顺字顺,承上启下,自然流畅;6.选词要适当,用词要得体;选词要适当,用词要得体;7.恰当运用汉语四字词组;恰当运用汉语四字词组;8.保持原文的修辞方法,灵活运用译入语的修辞方法。保持原文的修辞方法,灵活运用译入语的修辞方法。译文要明确无误译文要明确无误试比较下段文字的两种译法:试比较下段文字的两种译法:Even Mr. Lincoln was mocked as country yokel, but saved the Union and still presides in marble on the ed

13、ge of the Potomac (波拖马可河波拖马可河 ).译文译文 1 想当初,不是林肯先生也曾被人讥笑为想当初,不是林肯先生也曾被人讥笑为 “乡巴佬乡巴佬 “么?么?而他却拯救了联邦,至今其大理石雕像仍然雄踞于波拖马可而他却拯救了联邦,至今其大理石雕像仍然雄踞于波拖马可河畔呢!河畔呢!译文译文 2 甚至林肯先生也曾被讥笑为甚至林肯先生也曾被讥笑为 “乡巴佬乡巴佬 “,可他是联邦的,可他是联邦的拯救者,迄今波拖马可河畔仍然矗立着他的大理石雕像。拯救者,迄今波拖马可河畔仍然矗立着他的大理石雕像。译文力求文约而事丰译文力求文约而事丰1 It is no use doing what you

14、like; you have to like what you do.爱一行干一行不行,要干一行,爱一行。爱一行干一行不行,要干一行,爱一行。2 No admittance for passengers.游客止步。游客止步。3 It is easer to marry than unmarry.结婚容易离婚难。结婚容易离婚难。4 One cant be too careful in matters like this.在这个问题上越谨慎越好。在这个问题上越谨慎越好。翻译必须讲究翻译必须讲究 “语工语工 ”Four score and seven years ago our fathers br

15、ought forth on his continent a new nation, covered in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.八十七年前,我们的先辈在这个大陆上建立了一个以自由为八十七年前,我们的先辈在这个大陆上建立了一个以自由为理想,以人人平等为宗旨的新国家。(许渊冲译)理想,以人人平等为宗旨的新国家。(许渊冲译)叙述层次要分明叙述层次要分明即按照汉语语言习惯,该先说的先说,比不拘泥于原文的语即按照汉语语言习惯,该先说的先说,比不拘泥于原文的语序;该采用意合法的采用

16、意合法(序;该采用意合法的采用意合法( Parataxis) ,不必死抠原文不必死抠原文的连接词语;语篇要贯通,尽量避免前后脱节或语言梗阻。的连接词语;语篇要贯通,尽量避免前后脱节或语言梗阻。Mammoth(庞大的庞大的 ) complexes of cities are developing in the area of the East Coast and the East North-Central states, on the Pacific and Gulf coasts, and near the shores of the Great Lakes.在美国东海岸一带,中北部偏东的几

17、个州,太平洋和墨西哥在美国东海岸一带,中北部偏东的几个州,太平洋和墨西哥湾沿岸,以及大湖湖滨附近,庞大的城市群体正在崛起。湾沿岸,以及大湖湖滨附近,庞大的城市群体正在崛起。文从字顺,承上启下,自然流畅文从字顺,承上启下,自然流畅Spring has no speech, nothing but rustling and whispering. Spring has so much more than speech in its unfolding flowers and leaves, and the coursing of its streamers, and in its sweet re

18、stless seeking!春天没有语言,只有湘枫低吟,春花怒放,春叶茁发,春水春天没有语言,只有湘枫低吟,春花怒放,春叶茁发,春水奔流,春天欢腾地、无休止地追逐着,这一切比语言要丰富奔流,春天欢腾地、无休止地追逐着,这一切比语言要丰富得多。得多。选词要适当,用词要得体选词要适当,用词要得体主要指翻译要考虑原文的文体特征、作者的风格特征,以及主要指翻译要考虑原文的文体特征、作者的风格特征,以及所涉及的人物(如文学作品)的性格、年龄、受教育的程度、所涉及的人物(如文学作品)的性格、年龄、受教育的程度、社会地位等特征。社会地位等特征。 请仔细阅读下列句子,找出其文体特征:请仔细阅读下列句子,找出

19、其文体特征:1 Tourism for Development旅游促进发展(广告用语)(语言精练)旅游促进发展(广告用语)(语言精练)2 A “wise man” is one who hears the overall situation in mind, puts the general interests above all and grasp the major issues.所谓所谓 “贤者贤者 ”,就是要顾大局,识大体,抓大事。(政论),就是要顾大局,识大体,抓大事。(政论)适当运用汉语的四字词组适当运用汉语的四字词组四字词组在汉语中特别活跃。在翻译中成功运用四字词组,四字词组在汉

20、语中特别活跃。在翻译中成功运用四字词组,可以使译文生动、形象、有力。可以使译文生动、形象、有力。请试用四字词组翻译下述例句:请试用四字词组翻译下述例句:1. The policemen went among the villagers in disguise and saw if there were straws in the wind.警察身着便服到村民中去查访,看看有无蛛丝马迹可寻。警察身着便服到村民中去查访,看看有无蛛丝马迹可寻。2. A month ago he was a man of mould, today he seemed truly touched by divine s

21、pirit, which spiritualized and elevated him.一个月前,他还是个凡夫俗子;今天,他似乎真正得到了圣一个月前,他还是个凡夫俗子;今天,他似乎真正得到了圣灵的造化,超凡入圣了。灵的造化,超凡入圣了。尽量保留原文的修辞方法,或灵活利用译入语的修辞方法,尽量保留原文的修辞方法,或灵活利用译入语的修辞方法,以增强译文的力量或效果。以增强译文的力量或效果。保留原有句法结构的重复保留原有句法结构的重复Energy imports and consumptions must be reduced, competition enhanced by rigid enfor

22、cement of pertinent laws, and general monetary growth retained.能源的进口和消耗必须减少,竞争必须通过相关法律的严格能源的进口和消耗必须减少,竞争必须通过相关法律的严格实施来加强,货币的总增长必须限制。实施来加强,货币的总增长必须限制。辞格与翻译修辞格可以划分为三类: 可译; 难译; 不能译. 一、 直译法 对可译的辞格: 尽可能直译 (一) 明喻; 暗喻; 拟人; 夸张 练习Your soul is as pure as snow, your personality is as noble as pine trees! All p

23、raise to you, our beloved teacher.您的心灵像雪一样纯净,您的人格像青松一般高洁!赞美您,敬爱的老师。(明喻)B. 暗喻 ; Metaphor A figure of speech in which an implicit comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something in common. 1)何等动人的一页又一页篇章! 这是人类思维的花朵。What inspiring chapters! They are the flowers of the human br

24、ainwork. 2)霎时间 , 东西长安成了喧腾的大海。At once, the Eastern and Western Changan Roads became roaring oceans. 3)Janes uncle is an old fox, up to all kinds of evils. 珍妮的叔叔是个老狐狸, 什么坏事都干得出来. 4)After that long talk, Jim became the sun in her heart. 那次长谈之后, 吉姆成了她心中的太阳. 英语句式十分灵活,而且有些习语,由于文化的浸染,在翻译中,我们必须考虑到译语的需要并作出适当

25、的调整。 例如:drink like a fish. 牛饮( 不宜译作 “鱼饮”) as cunning as a dead pig 像狐狸一样狡猾(不宜译作“像死猪一样狡猾”,涉及形象的转换) 翻译时应当尽最大可能保留原文特点。 My life is one long curve, full of turning points. 我的一生是一条长长的曲线,转择点多极了。(本体tenor、喻体vehicle和喻底ground同现) If the fatherland is sound, my personal troubles are only a flea bite. 只要祖国安然无恙,我个

26、人的烦恼只不过是跳蚤咬的一口。( 本体和喻体同现) Investments in restructuring companies involves substantial risks, and deciphering the details of a companys finances and plans for re-emergence is akin to penetrating a legal jungle. 对重整中的公司进行投资,要冒很大的危险。要弄清楚公司的财务细节与摆脱困境重新出头的计划,犹如读遍堆积如山的六法全书。(本体隐含) A silver plate is rising

27、up in the sky. 一个银盘子从天边升起。(直译法) While they concentrate on attacking GM crops, the plants conventionally bred cousins could sneak into Europe through the back door.当人们集中精力抨击基因作物时,那些通过传统方法培育的同类作物便悄然地进入欧洲市场。(意译法 ) Yet another possibility is that the steady growth in the number of clinical categories fo

28、r mental illness is fueling a kind of “disease inflation”. 然而,另一种可能性是精神病临床种类数目的稳步增加速度导致一种所谓的“疾病膨胀”现象精神病范围的盲目扩大。(直译加解释)练习 This film star is a nine days wonder; I doubt whether anyone will remember her in a years time. 这位电影明星现在红极一时(也指昙花一现),但我认为一年以后人们不见得还记得她。(暗喻) C 拟人拟人 ; personification A figure of sp

29、eech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with human qualities or abilities2) 每条岭都是那么温柔, 虽然下自山脚, 上至岭顶, 长满了珍贵的林木, 可是谁也不孤峰突起, 盛气凌人. All the ridges were so amiable. None of them stood above the others with arrogance, though their slopes were fully covered with precious trees. 3) How s

30、oon hath Time, the subtle thief of youth, stolen on his wing my three and twentieth year! 时间, 这个盗窃青春的狡猾的小偷, 盗窃了我二十又三年飞走了. 这一辞格就是把人以外的无生命之物后有生命之物当作人来描写, 并把它写得既有人的动作又有人的思想感情, 在汉语和英语里均是如此. 所谓拟人就是把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写,赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化 。 The first day of this term found me on my way to school, beautifu

31、l flowers smiling and lovely birds singing in the wood.新学期第一天上学的路上,美丽的花儿在微笑,可爱的小鸟在林中歌唱.(采用拟人化的修辞手法使句更为生动,表达更富情感.) Then night, like some great loving mother, gently lays her hand at our fevered head, and turns our little tearstained face up to hers, and smiles, and, though she does not speak, we know

32、 that she would say and lay our hot, flushed cheek against her bosom and the pain is gone. 夜像一个慈祥伟大的母亲,轻轻地把她的手放在我们发烫的额头上,把我们沾满泪水的小脸扭向她的面孔,微笑着,虽然她不说话,但我们知道她会说些什么。她把我们烧得发烫的面颊靠在她的胸上,疼痛也就消失了。 The one in the brown suit gaped at her. Blue suit grinned, might even have winked. But big nose in the grey suit

33、 still stared and he had small angry eyes and did not even smile. 穿棕色衣服的人目瞪口呆地盯着她,蓝衣服笑着,甚至还使了个眼色。但是穿灰衣服的大鼻子仍然凝视着,他长着一双红肿的小眼睛,脸上没有笑容。D. 夸张夸张 ; Hyperbole Hyperbole is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech. 1)突然 , 在我们头顶五六丈的上空, 发出一声可怕的霹雳, 闪电像利剑一样直插下来, 天空被彻底吹裂了,震碎了! All of a

34、sudden, there came a terrible thunder-clap about fifth feet directly above our heads, and a bolt thrust downward like a sharp sword. The sky was brought into pieces. 2) 我从乡下跑到京城里, 一转眼已经六年了。 Six years have passed by in a twinkle since I came to the capital city from the countryside. 3)He ran down the

35、 avenue, making a noise like ten horses at a gallop.他在林荫道上跑着 , 发出的声音就像十匹马在奔腾。 夸张在汉语和英语里都是常用的修辞格, 用以加强语气, 增强语言的感染力, 有意夸大或缩小事物的某一方面, 从而获得更好的表达效果. 翻译中采取直译能把语言的感染力带到译文里。 把事物的特征,有意地加以夸大或缩小,就叫夸张,即采用“言过其实”的说法,使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格,应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征,因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发 。例如: We were tired to death on reac

36、hing the peak. 我们爬到山顶后,简直要累死了。 Id give the world to see you.我十分想见你。 For she was beautiful-her beauty made the bright world dim, and everything beside seemed like the fleeting image of shade.因为她太漂亮了她的美使光灿的世界黯然失色,她身边的一切都像是瞬间而逝的烟云。(恰如其分地道出她的美) Its a crime to stay inside on such a beautiful day.今天阳光明媚,躲

37、在家中,实在是罪过。用 crime一词强烈地表达出作者想要外出的心情,一种迫不及待的心情跃然纸上。 I could feel her pain as she must have felt mine on a thousand occasions when I had sought comfort in her arms. 在小男孩的心目中,妈妈一直是那么的坚强、勇敢,但是当小男孩第一次看见妈妈哭泣的时候,他突然感觉到了妈妈也和他一样有失败、有痛苦,就像妈妈过去千百次体会到他的痛苦一样。例句中的a thousand occasions利用数字进行夸大渲染,体现了妈妈对儿子的关爱之情。 When

38、I heard the news, each hair on my head seemed to be standing on end.当我听到那个消息时,头上的每根头发都好像倒竖了起来。这一例句的翻译,应该充分发挥想象力,运用形象思维,进入原文描绘的情境当中,对译文进行适当的形象处理,以达到理想的效果。 They were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions. 他们比雄鹰还敏捷,他们比雄师还强壮。 A thousand thanks for your kindness. 万分感谢你的盛情。 A young girl broug

39、ht the house down with a ballet dance. 一位年轻的姑娘跳了一个芭蕾舞博得全场喝彩。 On Sundays I have a thousand and one things to do. 星期天我有许多事情要做。 Every lover sees a thousand graces in the beloved object.一千种魅力/情人眼里出西施。 Blood streams down from his forehead.他的前额血流如注。 With a wild incommunicable joy in his heart, he whispere

40、d to himself, “I am the happiest man in the world.” 使用最高级/他那狂喜的心情难以表达出来,于是自言自语道:“我是世界上最幸福的人了。”练习 1. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination. 2. Youth slips away without being fully enjoyed. 3. A policeman waved me out of the snake of traffic and flagged me to stop. 4. Her face

41、was a fair index to her disposition. 5. When in a fury, she is more savage than a tigress. 1. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination.夸张 这里的财富数不胜数,几乎超出想象。 2. Youth slips away without being fully enjoyed. 青春还没有被完全品位就已经悄悄溜走了。拟人 3. A policeman waved me out of the snake of traffic

42、and flagged me to stop. 一位警察招手要我从长蛇般的车流中出来,并挥旗叫我停下。暗喻 4. Her face was a fair index to her disposition. 暗喻 她的脸部表情清楚地显示出她的个人气质5. When in a fury, she is more savage than a tigress. 明喻 她比母老虎还要凶狠. (比较级)实用词语翻译1. trade deficit 2. continental shelf 3. different schools in literature4. coastal erosion 5. med

43、ical disputes 1. 贸易逆差 2. 大陆架 3. 文学各种流派 4. 沿海地区水土流失 5. 医疗纠纷6. mental decline 7. cost of inquiry 8. money laundering 9. State of the Union Message 10. shuttle diplomacy6. 智力衰退 7. 咨询费 8. 洗钱 9. 国情咨文 10.穿梭外交11. 知识产权 12. 国际货币基金组织 13. 西部大开发 14. 辛亥革命 15. 丝绸之路 11. intellectual property right 12. Internationa

44、l Monetary Fund13. Development of West Regions 14. the Revolution of 1911 15. the Silk Road16. 地大物博 17. 科技进步 18. 集装箱港口 19. 市政府 20. 科学发展观 16. vast size and resources 17. scientific and technological improvement18. a container port 19. the municipal government20. scientific outlook on development(二二 )

45、 讳饰讳饰 ; 转喻转喻 ; 省略省略 A. 讳饰;委婉 Euphemism Euphemisms are mild, agreeable, or roundabout words used in place of coarse, painful, or offensive ones. 委婉语是一种重要修辞手法,普遍存在于各种语言之中。它具有协调人际关系,维持正常交往等重要社会交际功能。 euphemism来源于希腊语 euphemismos,就是good/pleasant speech(好听的话、优雅的说法之意)。 在现实生活中,有一些事物或行为不宜过于直率地表达出来,于是用一种不明说的,能

46、使人感到愉快的或含糊的说法,代替具有令人不悦的含义或不够尊敬的表达方法,避开“直言不讳”(call a spade a spade),采用(beat around the bush)的策略完成交际意图,这就是委婉语。 由于委婉语会采用一些比较抽象或者是模棱两可的概念,运用比喻或者是褒义等手法,使谈话双方能够间接的谈论不宜直说的事情,在翻译过程中,要注意把握其交际意图,努力再现说话者的语气。 以money 为例: In his scale of values he places power and economics at the top of the list. 这里说话人就是用 econom

47、ics (经济)来代替 money(金钱),这样可弱化事物,达到语用效果。 又如在一个野外旅行的场景当中,女友对男友说 Wait a minute, I want to pick a daisy. 如果你把它翻译成“等一等,我想去摘一朵菊花”,那可就要闹笑话了,因为她说的 to pick a daisy 是“方便”的委婉语,不妨译成 “我去去就来 ”或其他一些为委婉的表达,而不至于掉入误译的陷阱。 1)“你在这里呆了好久?” 成岗不愿对孩子说出那个可怕的 “关”字, 改口说成了 “呆了好久”。 “Hong long have you been staying here?” Cheng Gang

48、 avoided using that terrible phrase “locked up.” 2)尤氏道 : “我也暗暗地叫人预备了。就是那件东西, 不得好木头, 且慢慢地办着罢。” “Ive secretly sent people to get things prepared. But they havent found good wood for that thing yet, so we have to wait.” (原文用 “那件东西” 来暗指 “棺材”, 译文用 that thing “来代替 “coffin “, 译文读者是能够理解的。) “死亡”的说法古今中外不胜枚举,在

49、汉语里,有“崩”或“驾崩”、“驾鹤归西”、“羽化飞天”、“圆寂”、“仙逝”、 “香消玉殒”、“玉碎珠沉”等。现在,人们常用“长眠了”、“停止呼吸”等一些委婉的表达方式。英语中死亡的委婉说法有数百种之多:to pass away ( 离开),to go to sleep (长眠),to go to heaven (上西天 ) ,to be no more (不在了),to join the majority (加入了大多数), to go to glory expire (去了光荣的国度) , corpse (跨了),depart(离开), kick the bucket(蹬腿), breathe ones last(停止了呼吸) 等等。 社会职业。西方社会职业的高低、贵贱十分明显,一些社会地位低下的人对自己职业的卑微很敏感,出于虚荣心,希望自己的职业能有一个好听的名称。 秘书administrative assistant(行政助理) 保姆mai

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