1、,动词,(Verb),动词的四种形式,原形,过去式,过去分词,现在分词,1. 过去式、过去分词： 1）在原形动词词尾加-ed 清辅音后读/t/， 浊辅音、元音后读/d/， /t/、/d/后读/id/ work-worked /t/ open-opened /d/ play-played /d/ hand-handed /id/ 2）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的, 变 y 为 i 再加-ed study-studied carry-carried 3）一个辅音字母(w、y、x除外)结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写再加-ed stop-stopped regret-regretted,4）不规则变化：put
2、- cost-come- run-buy- bring-catch- teach-go- do-see- take-steal- speak-,2、现在分词： 1）动词原形后加-ing teach-teaching study-studying play-playing 2）以不发音字母 e 结尾的，先去 e 再加-ing write-writing take-taking have-having,put-,put,cost-,cost,came-,come,ran-,run,bought-,bought,brought-,brought,caught-,caught,taught-,taug
3、ht,went-,gone,did-,done,saw-,seen,took-,taken,stole-,stolen,spoke-,spoken,3）以一个辅音字母(w、y、x)结尾的重读闭音节词， 先双写再加-ing beg-begging stop-stopping begin-beginning 4）以 ie 结尾的先变 ie 为 y 再加-ing lie-lying die-dying tie-tying 但：ski-skiing,3、现在时动词第三人称单数： 1）原形动词后加-s stop-stops write-writes play-plays 2）以 s、x、o、ch、sh
4、结尾的加-es pass-passes fix-fixes do-does watch-watches wash-washes3) 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加-es study-studies try-tries say-says,动词时态,(Tense),1、一般现在时用法： 1）经常性、习惯性的动作 I go to work by bus. 2）现在的特征或状态 I am a teacher and I teach English. I love sports. 3）普遍真理 Light travels faster than sound. Water boils at
5、100.,I. 一般现在时,2、谓语构成 1) 肯定句：谓语用动词原形或第三人称单数 Toms parents _ to work by bike every day.,go,Li Tao _ English every morning.,studies,2) 否定句：谓语用 dont/doesnt 加动词原形构成 I _ (not get) up at six every morning.,dont get,She _ (not watch) TV in the evening.,doesnt watch,3) 一般问句： 用 Do 或 Does 加陈述句（谓语动词用原形） -_ he _
6、(work) in a plastic factory? -No, he doesnt.,Does work,(4) 特殊问句：疑问词加一般问句 -_ do you write to him? -Once a month.,How often,5. Every day, I _ (get) up at six oclock. I _ (have) breakfast at home. Then I _ (go) to work by bus. I _ (work) four hours in the morning and three hours in the afternoon. I _ (
7、come) back home at half past six. After supper, I _ (not, like) watching TV. I _ (go) to bed at a quarter to ten.,get,have,go,work,come,dont like,go,6. Han Lili _ (be) a middle school student. She _ (study) at No. 8 Middle School. She _ (like) English very much. She _ (read) English every morning. S
8、he often _ (talk) with English speakers. After school, she _ (play) the violin. She _ (do) her homework in the evening.,is,studies,likes,reads,talks,plays,does,II. 一般过去时,1、一般过去时用法： 1）表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态 He bought a new bike last week. They were in the office just now. 2）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 When I was a s
9、mall child, I often went to that park and played football.,2、谓语构成 1）肯定句：谓语用动词的过去式 Yesterday, I _ to a shop and _ a pen.,went,bought,2）否定句：助动词 didnt 加动词原形 She _(take) any money with her that day.,didnt take,3）一般问句：助动词 Did 加陈述句（动词用原形） -_ you _ to the cinema last night? -No, I didnt.,Did,go,4）特殊问句：疑问词
10、+ 一般问句 -_ _ you find your key? -I _ it under my desk.,Where,did,found,特殊句式1. Its time we _ (have) a rest.,had,Its (high) time 后从句谓语用过去式,2. I would rather he _ (come) with you.,came,would rather 后从句谓语一般用过去式,练习：用动词的适当形式填空,1. She _ (be) late for work this morning, because she _ (not, get) up on time.,w
11、as,didnt get,2. He _ (write) a letter to his girlfriend last night and he _ (want) to borrow some money.,wrote,wanted,3. _ your friends _ (give) you any present on your eighteenth birthday?,Did,give,4. How many computers _ he _ (sell) last month?,did,sell,5. He _ (study) English at the age of five.,
12、studied,6. -_ you _ (go) to Hong Kong by air last year? -Yes, I _ . But my parents _ (go) there by train.,Did,go,did,went,Last week, I _ (go) to the theatre. I _ (have) a very good seat. The play _ (be) very interesting. I _ (not, enjoy) it. A young man and a young woman _ (sit) behind me. They _ (t
13、alk) loudly. I _ (get) very angry. I could not hear the actors. I _ (turn) round. I _ (look) at the man and the woman angrily. They _ (not, pay) any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I _ (turn) round again. “I cant hear a word!” I _ (say) angrily. “Its none of your business,” the young man
14、 _ (say) rudely. “This is a private conversation!”,went,had,was,did not enjoy,got,turned,looked,did not pay,turned,said,said,were sitting,were talking,III. 一般将来时,1、一般将来时用法： 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 I will go to Tibet some day by plane. He will be busy tonight.2、谓语构成 1）肯定句 （1）will 加动词原形 （第一人称也可用 shall ） She _
15、 back in twenty minutes.,will come,（2）be going to 加动词原形 a. 打算、计划做某事 I _ a dictionary tomorrow.,am going to buy,There _ a wonderful film in our school tonight.,is going to be,b. 即将、眼看要发生 Look at the dark clouds. It_ .,is going to rain,（3）be to 加动词原形：安排好的事 We _ at the entrance of the park.,are to meet
16、,（4）按时刻表进行的, 可用现在时表示将来 The plane _ at a quarter past nine.,arrives,（5）用进行时表示将来 They _ (leave) tomorrow.,are leaving,come, leave, go, move, start, arrive, stay,（6）主句是将来时，条件从句用现在时 a. We _ (go) to the park if it _ (not, rain) tomorrow.,will go,doesnt rain,2）否定句：will / shall 加 notwont / shant He _ come
17、to the party tomorrow.,b. We _ (give) it to him when he _ (arrive).,will give,arrives,c. One _ (not, learn) English well unless he _ (study) hard.,will not learn,studies,d. I _ (tell) her the news as soon as she _ (come) back.,will tell,comes,wont,Will,_ we have a break?,Shall,e. If she will make fr
18、iends with me, I will be happy.,3）一般问句：将 will 提到句首（第一人称用 shall ） _ you go to the Summer Palace with us?,4）疑问词 + 一般问句 _ shall we meet next time?,When and where,_ is he going to do tomorrow afternoon?,What,_ will he turn to for help?,Who,_ shall we do if there is no bus?,What,练习：用动词适当形式填空,1. The tree
19、_ (grow) to 30 meters tall.,will grow,2. _ you _ (help) me with my English tonight?,Will,help,3. Which book _ I _ (read) first?,shall,read,4. We _ (not, lose) heart in learning English.,wont lose,5. He _ (buy) a new mobile phone.,is going to buy,6. We _ (stay) at home if it _ (rain) tomorrow.,will s
20、tay,rains,7. How many trees _ they _ (plant) next year?,will,plant,IV. 现在进行时,1、现在进行时用法： 1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作 I am teaching and you are listening to me. 2）表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作 He is writing a book this week. 3）与 always 连用表示赞扬、不满等情绪 The girl is always smiling happily. You are always making the same mistake.,2、
21、谓语构成： 1）肯定句：be动词(am, is, are) + 现在分词 Toms mother _ (watch) TV and his father _ (read) newspaper.,is watching,is reading,2）否定句在 be 动词后加 not 一般问句只需把 be 动词提到句首 They _ (not, play) football. They _ (play) basketball.,练习：用动词适当形式填空,1. Look, Tom _ (climb) a tall tree.,is climbing,2. Listen! Someone _ (cry)
22、in the next room.,is crying,3. The farmers _ (pick) apples now.,are picking,are not playing,are playing,-_ she _ (do) her homework now?-No, she isnt. she _ (write) a letter.,Is,doing,is writing,-Who _ our teacher _ (talk) with?-He _ with my father.,is,talking,is talking,用动词的适当形式填空：,1. I often _ (go)
23、 to work by bus, but yesterday I _ (go) to work by bike.,go,went,2. Mr. Li _ (write) an article in his room now. Tomorrow he _ (attend) a meeting.,is writing,will attend,3. He _ (not, come) to the class last time. Now he _ (copy) the notes.,didnt come,is copying,4. People in the past _ (think) that
24、the earth _ (be) the center. But now we all _ (know) the earth _ (run) around the sun.,thought,was,know,runs,5. Last Sunday I _ (buy) a new bike and next Saturday I _ (ride) it to Beidaihe.,bought,am going to ride,V. 过去进行时,1、过去进行时用法 表示过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作 He was watching TV when I came in.2、谓语构成 be 动
25、词(was, were) + 现在分词 a. She _ (see) a film with her friend this time yesterday.,was seeing,b. We _ football when it began to rain.,were playing,c. -_ you _ a book when I rang you? -Yes, I was.,Were,reading,d. -What _ he _ when his father came home? -He _ games on the computer.,was,doing,was playing,e
26、. Pardon? I _ (not, listen) just now.,wasnt listening,VI. 现在完成时,1、现在完成时用法： 1）表示动作已经完成（强调发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果） I have finished my work. He has found his lost key. 2）表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态 They have worked in that factory for ten years.,2、谓语构成： 1）肯定句：助动词(have, has) + 过去分词 We _ one hundred apple trees t
27、his year.,have planted,Miss Li _ an English-Chinese dictionary.,has bought,They _ married for twenty years.,have been,2）否定句： 在助动词(have, has)后加 nothavent, hasnt I _ (not, finish) reading the novel.,3、have been 与 have gone 的区别 He has been to Washington twice. 去过 He has gone to Washington. 去了（现在不在这里）,h
28、avent finished,The meeting will begin in five minutes but she _ (not, come) yet.,hasnt come,3）一般问句：把助动词(have, has)提到句首 -_ you _ (hand) in your homework? -No, I havent.,Have,handed,-_ he _ (tell) you the exciting news?-Yes, he has.,Has,told,4、延续性动词与非延续性动词 1）延续性动词：表示动作可以持续一段时间 live, learn, watch, walk
29、, teach, work, rain 2）非延续性动词：表示动作瞬间即完成 die, buy, come, arrive, open, close, join, see, leave 3）延续性动词可以和时间段连用 My grandparents have lived in the village for seventy years. He has worked in that office since last summer. 4）非延续性动词不与时间段连用 他已经来了半个小时了。 He has come here for half an hour.,He has been here fo
30、r half an hour.,他已经去世15年了。 He has died for fifteen years.,He has been dead for fifteen years.,她已经参军九个月了。She has joined the army for nine months.,She has been a soldier for nine months.,我好久没见到她了。,这本书我已经借了两周了。I have borrowed the book for two weeks.,I borrowed the book two weeks ago.,她们已经离开这里五天了。They h
31、ave left here for five days.,They have been away for five days.,I havent seen her for a long time.,非延续动词可以用于完成时，但不能与时间段连用，否定句可以！,5、一般过去时与现在完成时的联系与区别： 1）联系：动作均发生在过去 2）区别：一般过去时只强调动作本身 现在完成时强调对现在的影响 He came here yesterday. (她来过这里) He has come here. (他现在还在这里) I bought a computer last month.（曾买过） I have
32、bought a computer. （我现在还拥有它） They went to London last year. （曾去过） They have gone to London. (还未回来，人不在这里) She wrote two letters with a blue pen in her study last night. She has written twelve letters to her boyfriend. (不强调具体方式、时间、地点等，只强调结果：12封信写完了）,练习：用动词适当形式填空,1. Mr. Wang _ (learn) 1,000 English wor
33、ds by now.,has learned,2. The police _ (find) the murderer.,have found,3. I am looking for my key. _ you _ (see) it?,Have,seen,4. Tom is not here. He _ (go) to the library.,has gone,5. -_ she _ (return) the book? -No, not yet.,Has,returned,6. -He _ (not, finish) his work. What about you? -I _ (not),
34、 either.,hasnt finished,havent,7. She _ (be) a Party member for 20 years.,has been,VII. 过去完成时,1、过去完成时用法： 表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作 When I arrived, the film _ (begin).,2、过去完成时构成：had + 过去分词 When I got home, they _ (get) supper ready.,had begun,They _ (learn) Chinese for a year before they came to China.
35、,had learned,He _ (finish) writing the report by the end of last month.,had finished,She told us her parents _ (work) in the hospital for twenty years.,had worked,had got,He said he _ to Japan twice.,had been,特殊句式1. Hardly _ we _ (begin) when we were told to stop.,had,begun,2. No sooner _ the murder
36、er _ (come) back home than he was arrested.,had,come,Hardlywhen；No soonerthan：一就前一时态用过去完成时，后一时态用过去时,VIII. 过去将来时,1、过去将来时用法： 表示在过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态 He said he would visit the Palace Museum the next week.,2、过去将来时构成： would + 动原或 was(were) going to + 动原 He told me he _ (take) me to the US the next mont
37、h.,would take,They said they _ (not, allow) any reporter to enter their factory.,wouldnt allow,We told her we _ (send) her to Beijing.,were going to send,IX. 现在完成进行时,1、用法 从过去开始的动作不间断地延续到现在，有可能继续持续下去。2、谓语构成： have / has been doing We _ (wait) for him for three hours.,have been waiting,It _ (rain) sinc
38、e this Monday.,has been raining,将来完成时 “will have done” We _ (complete) the building by the end of next year.,will have completed,will be having,将来进行时 “will be doing” Please ask him not to phone me when he comes, I _ (have) a meeting.,1. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon
39、as she _ . A. will arrive B. arrives C. is arriving D. is going to arrive,2. -Come in, Peter, I want to show you something. -Oh, how nice of you! I _ you _ to bring me a gift. A. never think; are going B. never thought; were going C. didnt think; were going D. hadnt thought; were going,3. The volley
40、ball match will be put off if it _ . A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining,4. Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes,5. The students _busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she_ in the office. A. had written; left B. were writing; has left C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left,6. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon. A leaves B. would leave C. left. D. had left,
